;"«'"»ndH„„kbI„de„
COL. HALDIMAND S. PUTNAM.
HEGIMEXTAL COI.OKS SEVENTH X. II. VOLUNTEEKS,
i86i i86j
THE
SEVENTH REGIMENT
New Hampshire Volunteers
IN THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION
HENRY F. W. LITTLE,
Lieutenant Seventh ^V. H. I olunteers^
Regimental Historian.
5ffustr<xte5.
PUBLISHED BY THE SEVENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE VETERAN
ASSOCIATION.
CONCORD, N. H.:
Ira C. Evans, Printer, 12 School Street.
1896.
Copyright 1S96.
EDITION LIMITED,
by authority of the
Seventh N. H. Veteran Association.
TO
The Mothers, Wives, and Sisters
WHO SHARED IN SPIRIT
THE TOILS, THE DANGERS, AND THE TRIUMPHS
OF OUR SOLDIER LIFE.
To THE Sons and Daughters of Our Comrades,
/S MOST AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
i_
SECOND BRIGADE.
FIRST DIVISION,
TENTH ARiVIV CORPS.
PREFACE.
In the preparation of this work, the historian's diaries,
letters, and sketches written for newspapers at various
times during the war and since, have formed the nucleus
of the history. For over twenty years the historian has
been engaged in gathering, in odd moments, the material
of which the book is composed. It has been written
largely outside of the hours of legitimate business, and
the author has many, many times been tound at his table,
yet writing, when the clock striking the hour gently
admonished him that another day had been ushered in.
He has taken the utmost pains to collect from the mem-
bers of the regiment any and all data that would be of in-
terest in compiling this work, and has repeatedly, each
year, at our annual reunions, submitted the proposition to
the members of the regiment ; therefore, if any comrade
misses some point he would like to have seen stated, let
him ask himself why he did not furnish it to the historian.
An earnest and conscientious effort has been made to give
the comrades of the Seventh New Hampshire a true and
faithful, yet impartial, record of their services. The labor
of editing and compiling the numerous data furnished by
the comrades has been far greater than anyone who has
not attempted it can well understand. That it is a perfect
work is not claimed by the author, but in every instance
the utmost endeavor has been made to have it as nearly
correct as it is possible at this late day to do. If errors are
found no one will regret it more than the historian. The
dates, and principal occurrences, are taken from diaries
VI Preface.
kept by him during each day of his service, and written
at the time, whether in garrison, in the field, in bivouac,
on the march, or on the battlefield.
I cordially thank those veterans and comrades who have
rendered me so much valuable assistance. To Captains
Jonathan F. Cotton, Orlando Lawrence, Granville P.
Mason, Penuel C. Ham, Charles A. Lawrence, Grovenor
A. Curtice, and John H. Horsfall ; to Lieutenants William
F. Spalding, Ferdinand Davis, and James M. Seavey ; to
Comrades Otis A. Merrill, Daniel W. Hayden, George
W. Abbott, Robert O. Farrand, Stephen D. Smith, and
others of the Seventh New Hampshire ; to Col. Loomis
L. Langdon, U. S. A., Capt. Daniel Eldredge, Third
N. H. Volunteers, and to the adjutant-general of the State
of New Hampshire I am indebted for assistance rendered,
and I tender my sincere thanks for their prompt response
to my frequent letters of inquiry and solicitation for aid in
historical matters, the use of their diaries, letters, etc.
The untiring interest I have taken regarding the matter,
and the unceasing toil it has caused me since I accepted
the position of regimental historian, has been purely a
labor of love, and as I was only one of the original
thousand of the Seventh New Hampshire, and connected
mostly w^ith one company, it will not be wondered that
I did not see and hear everything which was going on in
the whole regiment, but the satisfaction of having this
record of our old organization, which can be seen and
read hy our relatives and friends, has amply repaid me.
Very respectfully,
Lieut. H. F. W. Little,
Historian Seventh 3'. H. Volunteers.
List of Illustrations, Maps, Etc.
PAGE.
Ancient Gateway, St. Augustine, Fla. ...... 75
"A"' Tent 206
Army Corp.s Badges . . . . . . . . .285
A Negro Hut 341
A Nearer View of Fort Fisher, N. C. . . . . . -358
Beacon House, Morris Island, S. C. . . . . . .114
Bomb-proof, Morris Island, S. C. . . . . . .166
Battery near Dutch Gap, Va. ....... 299
Camp Kettles . 128
Chevrons ........... 246
Department Headquarters, Hilton Head, S. C. . . . . 237
Entrance to Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Fla. .... 76
Earthworks near Bermuda Hundred, Va. ..... 253
Earthworks in front of Petersburg, Va. ..... 302
Enfield Rifled Musket 305
Fort Sumter, S. C, April, 1861 133
Fort Sumter, S. C, after the Bombardment . . . .157
Fort Sumter, S. C, February, 1S65 ...... 204
Fort Fisher, N. C, when it first Appeared in Sight . . -357
Gillmore ^ledals . . . . . . . . .188
Hauling Three-Hundred-Pounder Parrott Gun up Morris Island
Beach to Battery Chatfield 1 84
Headquarters of General Butler, near Dutch Gap, Va. . . .261
Headquarters Building, Seventh N. H. Veteran Association, Weirs,
N. H
Important Part of a Soldier's Kit
Important Factors in the War of 1861 and 1865
565
288
436
VIII
List of Illustrations, Maps, Etc.
Jacksonville, on the St. John's River, Fla. .
Light House, Anastasia Island, Fla.
Map of Siege Operations, Morris Island, S. C.
"New Ironsides" and Monitor .
Necessities ......
"Old Glory"
Plan of Battery Wagner, Morris Island, S. C.
Plan of Folly Island Batteries, S. C.
Plan of Fort Sumter, S. C.
Pontoon Bridge, Jones's Landing, Va.
President Abe Lincoln
Plan of the Naval Attack on Fort Fisher, N. C.
Plan of Fort Fisher, N. C.
Regimental Colors, Seventh N. H. Volunteers
Rout of Storming Column, July i8, 1863
Requa Battery ....
Street in St. Augustine, Fla.
Shoulder Straps
Steamer " North Star,"
Shelter Tent ....
Springfield Rifled Musket .
Spencer Carbine (Seven Shooter)
Ser\-ing a Ten-Pounder Parrott Gun
Sketch of Vicinity of Fort Fisher, N. C.
The Cathedral, St. Augustine, Fla.
The " Swamp Angel," Morris Island, S. C
Torpedo, Morris Island, S. C. .
The Monitor "Weehawken,"
Turkey Buzzard ....
The Mound Battery ....
The Stars and Bars, Flag of the Southern Confederacy
United States Medals of Honor ....
View of Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Fla.
Wall Tent
PAGE.
230
71
180
188
215
401
178
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200
290
326
373
380
Frontispiece
129
168
91
192
233
271
305
305
323
364
68
144
160
186
321
361
421
320
88
192
LIST OF PORTRAITS,
Abbott, Joseph C, Brevet Brigadier-General
Abbott, George W. .
Ames, Nathan M., Captain
Brown, WilHam W., Surgeon
Bunton, Sylvanus, Surgeon
Bunton, Henry S., Hospital Steward
Burtt, Orlando G., Corporal
Burge, George A., Sergeant
Bartemas, George H.
Butler, Benjamin F., Major-General
Berry, Nathaniel S., Governor .
Clifford, Joseph E., Captain
Chase, James M., Captain .
Curtice, Grovernor A., Captain .
Durgin, Jeremiah S., Major
Dow, George P., First Sergeant
Davis, Ferdinand, Lieutenant
Dustin, Gilbert F., First Sergeant
Danforth, Charles B. .
Emerson, Joseph C, Chaplain
Emery, Leander, Corporal .
Farley, Charles H., Lieutenant .
French, James S., Lieutenant
Freschl, Joseph, Captain
Gammell, Pliny F., Corporal
Gillmore, O. A., Major-General .
Gilmore, Joseph A., Governor
PAGE.
8
164
208
24
32
48
136
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240
352
384
80
112
112
16
96
112
120
152
48
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208
240
64
368
384
List of Portraits.
Harding, William J., Sergeant
House, Jerome B., Captain
Hayden, John W., Corporal
Hayden, Daniel \V., Sergeant
Hale, Charles A., Corporal
Howe, Norman R., Corporal
Hutchinson, George E.
Hutchinson, John
Hunter, David, Major-General
Hawley, Joseph R., Brigadier-General
Head, Natt, Adjutant-General
Johnson, Moses H.. Sergeant
Kimball, Warren E. .
Lawrence, Orlando, Captain
Little, Henry F. W., Lieutenant.
Langlan, Thomas, Sergeant
Lamos, James AL, Sergeant
Lawrence, Charles A., Captain .
Merrill, Darius, Quartermaster-Sergeant
Mason, Granville P., Captain
Morrill, Charles A.
Merrill, Otis A., Sergeant .
Mitchell, O. M., Major-General
Ordwav, Daniel L. .
Putnam, Haldimand S., Colonel
Parker, Edwin V., Musician
Pitman, Noah T., Corporal
Robie, George F., Lieutenant
Roberts, George, Captain .
Rowell, Charles A.
Spalding, William F., Lieutenant
Shannon, Frank W. , Sergeant
Smith, Stephen D. .
Symonds, Joseph E. .
Spalding, Winslow J., Sergeant
PAGE.
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264
35-
368
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164
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136
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268
352
Froiitispiccc
164
176
152
152
256
80
96
96
176
224
List of Portraits.
XI
Sturtevaiit, Ehvin, First Sergeant
Simonds, Samuel A. .
Seymour, Truman, Brigadier-General
Smyth, Frederick, Governor
Tilton, William, Sergeant .
Terry, Alfred H., General .
William, Samuel, Lieutenant
Worcester, John H., Lieutenant . ■
Whipple, Paul, Captain
Woodburv, George C.
PAGE.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Experiences and Koutine of Early Camp Life. — Mustered into the
United States Service. — The Field and Staff. — The Company Offi-
cers and the Position of their Companies in Line.
CHAPTER IL
The Equipment of the Regiment. — Drill and Discipline. — Incidents
of Winter Camp-Life. — Inspection. — Government Rations. — Mus-
ter Rolls, etc.
CHAPTER III.
Off for the War. — Breaking Camp. — In Xew York City. — A Month
in White Street Barracks. — Ordered South. — On hoard Trans-
ports. — Arrival at Fort Jefferson, Tortugas Islands, Fla.
CHAPTER IV.
Garrison Life at Fort Jefferson, Fla. — Hunting for Gull's Eggs. —
Logger-Head Turtles. — Infantry Drill and Fatigue Duty. — Mount-
ing Heavy Guns. — Drilling as Heavy Artillery. — Ravages of
Small-Pox. — Departure for Beaufort, S. C.
CHAPTER V.
Arrival at Beaufort, S. C. — Picket Duty at Beaufort Ferry. — Drilling in
old Cotton Fields. — Terrible Ravages of Typhoid Fever. — Resig-
nations and Promotions. — Lender Fire at the Ferry. — Pickets
Attacked by a Deserted Dugout. — A Genuine "Shout." — Death-
Rate from Disease very Large. — Regiment Reported Unfit for
Duty and Ordered to St. Augustine, Fla.
CHAPTER VL
Arrival of the Regiment at St. Aiigustine, Fla. — The Death of ]\Iajor
Smith. — A Quaint Old City. — A Description of the City and its
Inhabitants. — Old Fort Marion. — The Health of the Regiment
Improving. — Military Duties Pleasant. — Bucket Fire Companies.
— False Alarms. — Captain Dickinson and his Bushwhackers. —
Reserve Picket at the ^IcCarthy House. — Arrival of Recruits for
the Regiment. — Foraging for Beef.
XIV Table of Contents.
CHAPTP:R VII.
Formation of the Tenth Army Corps. — Aunt Rhoda. — Fire Alarms. —
Bucket Fire Companies. — The Fairbanks Place. — Capture of
Lieutenant Gate. — Alarm on the Picket Line. — Lieutenant-Colonel
Abbott Ordered Out with Four Companies. — A Sergeant and Four
Men Taken Prisoners. — The Colonel's Cavalry Squad. — Colonel
Putnam and Five Companies Ordered to Charleston Harbor. — The
Regiment Ordered to Fernandina, Fla.
CHAPTER VIIL
The Arrival at Fernandina. — Picket Duty at the Bridge. — Fernandina
Fleas. — The Signal Station. — Fort Clinch. — The Regiment Or-
dered to Hilton Head. — Picket Duty on Jenkins Island.
CHAPTER IX.
Gen. Q. A. Gillmore Assumes Command of tlie Department of the South,
and of the Tenth Army Corps. — The Regiment Ordered to Folly
Island, S. C. — Di-illing and Fatigue Duty. — The Troops Organ-
ized for Effective Service. — Colonel Putnam Ordered to the Com-
mand of a Brigade. — The Battle of ]Morris Island. — The First
Assault on Fort Wagner.
CHAPTER X.
The Second Assault on Fort AVagner. — Cooperation of the Kavy. —
The Deafening Roar of One Hundred Heavy Guns and Mortars. —
General Gillmore holds a Council of War. — An Assault Determined
Upon. — The First I5rigade under General Strong to Lead. — The
Second Brigade under Colonel Putnam Ordered In as Support. —
The First Brigade Unsuccessful. — The Second Brigade Reach the
Fort and Hold a Salient for an Hour and a Half. — Failure of the
Third Brigade to Come to our Assistance. — The Death of Colonel
Putnam, Captain Brown, and Lieutenants Cate, Baker, Bryant, Ben-
nett, and Lane, on or near the Works. — Captains Leavitt, and
House, and Lieutenants Davis and Worcester Mortally Wounded.
— The Assault a Failure. — The Loss of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire Two Hundred and Sixteen.
CHAPTER XL
The Siege of Fort Wagner. — Regular Appi-oaches bv Zigzags and Par-
allels.— Heavy Breaching Batteries Erected for Reducing Fort
Sumter. — Sharpshootei's Employed in the Trenches on Both Sides.
— Our Rations. — Annoying Fire from Fort Sumter. — (ieneral Gill-
more Desires to Open Fire upon Charleston, and a Marsh Battery
Table of Contents. xv
is Conceived bj^ Col. Edward W. Senell, of the First N. Y. Volun-
teer Engineers^ — The Building of the Battery found Practicable. —
A Plan Submitted to General Gillmore, who at once Ordered its
Construction. — Commenced August 2, 1863. — The Battery Com-
pleted and the first Gun Called the " Swamp Angel," Opened on
Charleston, on the Morning of the 22d of August. — The First Shot
Fired at 1.30 a. m., the Distance being Nearly Five Miles. — A
Detail from the Seventh Assist in the Construction of the Battery.
— Company H, on Duty at the ]Marsh Battery, when the First Shot
was Fired. — The Untimely End of the " Swamp Angel." — The
Capture of the "Ridge." — Fort Sumter in Ruins. — The Heavy
Siege Guns Turned on Forts Wagner and Gregg, and the Forts and
Batteries on Sullivan's and James Islands. — Our Sap and Zigzags
Reach Fort AVagner.
CHAPTER Xir.
Evacuation of Morris Island by the Enemy. — Attempt by the "Rebs"
to Destroy Forts Wagner and Gregg a Failure. — Heavy Fortifica-
tion of the North End of the Island by the Union Forces. — Firing
Upon Fort Sumter Continued at Intervals. — Boat Attacks on Fort
Sumter by both Land and Naval Forces. — Unsuccessful Attempt to
Destroy our Naval Vessels. — Arrival of Substitutes and Conscripts.
— Promotions in the Seventh. — Loss of the Monitor " Weehawken."
— The Seventh Ordered to St. Helena Island, S. C, and Bid Fare-
well to ^Morris Island.
CHAPTER XIII.
Evacuation of IMorris Island by the Enemy. — Attempt by the "Rebs"
to Destroy Forts Wagner and Gregg a Failure. — Heavy Fortifica-
tion of the North End of the Island by the Union Forces. — Firing
Upon Fort Sumter Continued at Intervals. — Boat Attacks on Fort
Sumter by both Land and Naval Forces.— Unsuccessful Attempt to
Destroy our Naval Vessels. — Arrival of Substitutes and Conscripts.
— Promotions in the Seventh. — Loss of the Monitor " A\'eehawken."
— The Seventh Ordered to St. Helena Island, S. C. and Bid Fare-
well to JNIorris Island.
CHAPTER XIV.
In Camp at St. Helena Island. S. C. — Drill and Picket Duty. — In Gen-
eral Hawley's Brigade. — Exchange Enfield Rifled Muskets for
Spencer Repeating Carbines. — Ordered to Florida. — Expedition
Under Command of General Seymour. — The Seventh are Ordered
on board the Steamer " Ben Deford." — The Fleet Rendezvous at
the IMonth of the St. John's River. — The "Ben Deford" gets Stuck
XVI Table of Contents.
on the Bar. — Arrival of the Regiment at Jacksonville, Fla. —
Ordered out Toward Lake City, on the Florida Central Railroad. —
The Bivouac at Baldwin's Station. — In Camp at Barbour's Planta-
tion on the South Fork of the St. ^Mary's River. — Arrival at San-
derson's Station. — The Regiment Ordered on a Reconnoissance
toward Lake City.
CHAPTER XV.
The Left Wing Ordered to Exchange their Spencers for Spriuglield
Rifled Muskets. — The Muskets were without Bayonets and were
Unserviceable. — The Return of the Expedition to Barbour's Plan-
tation.— An Advance Ordered toward Lake City. — The Battle ot
Olustee. — The Retreat to Jacksonville. — The Casualties in the
Seventh are Two Hundred and Nine. — General Seymour's Forces
Concentrate at Jacksonville and Fortify. — Reinforcen)ents Arrive.
— One Hundred and Eighty-three of the Original Men Re-enlist
for Another Term of Three Years, and are Furloughed for Thirty
Days. — The Tenth Army Corps Ordered to Virginia. — The
Seventh Leaves for Gloucester Point, Va.
CHAPTER XVL
The Arrival of the Regiment at Gloucester Point, Va. — The Formation
of the Army of the James. — The Seventh Placed in the Second
Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps. — The Departure for
the Front. — Proceeding Up the James River. — Debarkation at
Bermuda Hundred. — The Advance toward Ware Bottom Church.
— Tearing Up the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. — The
Engagement at Chester Station, and the Battle of Lempster Hill. —
Severe Engagement at Drury's Bluff. — Erection of Heavy P^arth-
works between the James and Appomattox Rivers.
CHAPTER XVIL
The Return of the Re-enlisted Men to the Regiment. — Heavy Firing
on the Picket Line, and Artillery Duels Every Day. — The First
Demonstration on Petersburg, Va. — The Expedition a Failure. —
General Gillmore Relieved from the Command of the Tenth Army
Corps. — The Army of the Potomac Swings Around to Petersburg.
— The Eighteenth Army Corps Detached from the Army of the
James, and Sent to the Army of the Potomac. — The Rebel Earth-
works in Front of the Army of the James Evacuated. — The Rebel
Army in our Front Leave Hurriedly, and between Two Days, for
Petersburg. — The Seventh with Other Troops Start for the Rich-
mond 8c Petersburg Railroad, and ]Meet the Advance of Lee's
Army on their Way to Petersburg. — The Confederates "'Lose"
General Grant, but Suddenly Find him South of the Appomattox.
Table of Contents. xvii
CHAPTER XVIII.
Arrival of One Division of the Sixth Army Corps at Bermuda Hundred
Front. — They Depart for Petersburg the Xext Day. — General
Grant and the Army of the Potomac •' Lost " to the Confederates. '
— Confederate Dispatches. — The Rebels Reoccupy their Lines
near Bermuda Hundred. — Reorganization of the Tenth Army
Corps. — Visit of President Lincoln. — On the Picket Line near the
James River. — Swapping Papers with the Rebel Pickets, and Trad-
ing Jack-Knives for Tobacco. — Orders Issued to Strictly Prohibit
all Communication between Our Pickets and Those of the Enemy.
— Terrific Explosion of Powder Barges at City Point.
CHAPTER XIX.
Dutch Gap Canal. — The Regiment Ordered to Deep Bottom. — Death
of Lieut. Col. Thomas A. Henderson. — Return of the Regiment to
Bermuda Hundred. — Ordered to Petersburg. — Life in the Trenches.
— At Pitkin Station. — En Route to the Xorth Side of the James
River. — The Capture of Fort Harrison and New Market Heights.
— Our Chaplain Taken Prisoner. — The Seventh within a Mile and
a Half of Richmond. — The Battle of Laurel Hill. — After the
Battle. — Congressional Medals of Honor.
CHAPTER XX.
Keconnoissance on the Darbytown Road. — Arrival of Recruits. — Death
of Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney. — Erecting Winter Quarters. — Demon-
stration on the Darbytown and Charles City Roads. — Promotions in
the Seventh. — The Seventh Ordered to Xew York to Assist in
Quelling Riot, if any Occurred at the Presidential Election. — The
Seventh Return to Laurel Hill, Va. — The Sanitary and Christian
Commissions. — Thanksgiving in the Army. — Execution of a Man
of the Ninth Me. Volunteers. — The Tenth and Eighteenth Army
Corps Discontinued, and the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Army
Corps Organized. — The Seventh Transferred to the Twenty-fourth
Army Corps. — An Attack on our Picket Line Near Laurel Hill.
CHAPTER XXL
First Expedition to Fort Fisher. — Arrival of Recruits. — The Execution
of Five Men by Sentence of Court ]Martial. — The Last Dress Parade
of the Original Seventh N. H. Volunteers. — The Farewell Order of
Colonel Abbott. — Promotions in the Regiment. — Execution of a
Man in the Third New Hampshire. — The Second Expedition to
Fort Fisher. — The Seventh under Marching Orders. — On Board
Transport En Route to Fort Fisher. — Gen. A. H. Terry in Com-
XVIII Table of Contents.
mand. — The Arrival of the Fleet. — Landing on the Beach. —
Description of Fort Fisher. — Official Report of General Butler.
— The Second Assault on Fort Fisher. — The Capture of the
Fort. — Official Report of General Terry.
CHAPTER XXII.
The Engagement at Half Moon Battery. — Marching Toward "Wilming-
ton. — Arrival of the Twenty-third Army Coi'ps, of Sherman's
Army. — The Seventh Enters Wilmington. — Paroled Prisoners. —
Battle of Xorth East Ferry. — The Last Battle. — A Flag of Truce.
— General Abbott appointed a Commissioner for the Exchange of
Ten Thousand Prisoners of AVar. — Grand Reception of Our Union
Prisoners from , the Rebel Pens. — Ordered into Wilmington. —
Relieving Ti'oops of the Twenty-third Army Corps. — Revival of
the Old Tenth Army Corps. — Promotions.
CHAPTER XXIIL
A Portion of Sherman's Army Arrives from Hilton Head, S. C. — The
Fall of Richmond. — The Stars and Stripes Again Float over
Fort Sumter. — News of Lee's Surrender. — The Assassination of
President Lincoln. — General Sherman A'isits Wilmington. — The
Seventh in the " Army of the Ohio." — Recruiting Ordered Stopped.
— Departments to Reduce Expenses. — Recruits who Enlisted in
1862 Ordered to be Mustered Out. — Arrival of the Secretarj^ of the
Navy at Wilmington. — The Seventh Ordered to Goldsboro. — The
Recruits of 1862 Finally jNlustered Out. — Battalion Drills. — Mus-
ter-out Rolls Ordered to be .Made Out. — The Seventh Mustered
Out of Service July 20, 1S6.5. — The Last Dress Parade in " Dixie."
— The Regiment Ordered Home. — Breaking Camp and En Route
to Raleigh, N. C. — Arrival at Ream's Station, Va. — The March
to Petersburg. — Arrival at City Point, where the Regiment Em-
barks for New York. — Arrival at New London, Conn., En Route
for New Hampshire. — Arrival at Concord, N. H. — The Reception.
— Final Pay and Discharge. — Dissolution of the Organization. —
The Seventh New Hampshire No ]More.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Odd Characters. — Escape from Andersonville. — Detailed Account of
the Charleston Expedition of April, 1863. — Gillmore Medals. —
Lieut. John H. Worcester's Sword. — The Recruits of 1862. — Bio-
graphical Sketches. — Experiences in Rebel Prisons. — The Seventh
New Hampshire Veteran Association.
CHAPTER I.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SEVENTH REGI-
MENT.
GOING INTO CAMP AT MANCHESTER, N. H. EXPERIENCES
AND ROUTINE OF EARLY CAMP LIFE. MUSTERED
INTO THE UNITED STATES SERVICE. — THE FIELD
AND STAFF. THE COMPANY OFFICERS AND THE PO-
SITION OF THEIR COMPANIES IN LINE.
The recruitment and orcranization of the Seventh Reo-j-
ment was somewhat difterent from that of any other force
raised in the State during the War of the Rebellion. Al-
though the regiment was credited to New Hampshire, the
authority to accept and provide for recruits, and the privi-
lege to make all official appointments, was, by direction
of the War Department at Washington, D. C, under date
of September 2, 1861^ vested in Joseph C. Abbott, who,
at the commencement of the war, and for some years pre-
vious, had been adjutant-general of the State, and desir-
ing active service had made application to the Secretary
of War to raise a regiment of infantry. The acceptance
of this regiment was with the distinct understanding that
the War Department would revoke the commissions of all
officers who might be tbund incompetent for the proper
discharge of their duties, and one of the requirements was
that the regiment should be ready for marching orders
thirty days subsequent to September 9, 1861.
About this time the State authorities were busily engaged
in organizing and equipping lour regiments of infantr}-,
2 History of the Seventh Regiment
three companies of sharpshooters, a light battery, and a
battalion of cavalry, which drew quite heavily upon the
available material of the State ; and the successful organ-
ization of the Seventh Regiment, which was somewhat in
the nature of an individual enterprise, was by man}' con-
sidered doubtful.
The State authorities were asked merely to pay to those
enlisting in this regiment, the ten dollars bounty which
they paid to all others, and which they readily agreed to
do. The rendezvous of the recruits was established at
Manchester, circulars were at once issued, and notwith-
standing the competition of other organizations, by the
4th of November eight hundred men had arrived in
camp.
The lirst company to arrive at the rendezvous was a
company from Manchester, called the "Third Abbott
Guards," — afterwards Company D, — which, under the
command of William C. Knowlton, went into camp on the
i6th of October, with sixty-five men, and was soon fol-
lowed by others. The camp was situated at the then
north end of Elm street, upon a large plateau, which was
owned by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, and
which had been reserved for fair grounds, race-co.urse,
etc. At the southeast corner of the field was situated a
beautiful spring of pure water, which was never forgotten
by the men who, in after months and years, had occasion
to quench their thirst from the quagmires and everglades
of the extreme South.
A line of sentries was established around the camp,
which was enlarged from time to time as the arrival of re-
cruits and portions of companies required. Each squad
or detachment, as it came into camp, was under the com-
mand of the person who had acted as recruiting oflicer,
and the whole camp was under the general supervision of
Col. Joseph C. Abbott. Squad drill and guard dut}'^ were
New Hampshire Volunteers. 3
about all that occupied our attention at this time. A brass
field-piece, belonging to the State, was placed upon the
grounds for the purpose of firing a morning and evening
gun, which was attended to by William C. Knowlton.
The only company at first having muskets was the Third
Abbott Guards, and they had only about thirty, which
were some old muskets in the possession of the City of
Manchester, and were loaned to this company by the city
government who held Lieutenant Knowlton personally re-
sponsible for their safe return. These muskets were of
the old antediluvian style — flint-locks altered over to
percussion-tubes — and there was not a bayonet in the lot ;
but the}' served their purpose well, both on guard and
drill, until the complete organization of the regiment,
when they were returned to the city, along with the old
brass field-piece.
At the south end of this large field was encamped the
First N. H. Light Battery at the time our first company
went into camp, but they were ordered to Washington,
D. C, on the ist of November, and that portion of the
ground was immediately occupied by recruits for the
Eighth Regiment, which was about being organized.
Company D, otherwise known as the Third i\bbott
Guards, was recruited by James M. Chase and William
C. Knowlton at Manchester and vi'cinit}', and by Charles
Hooper at Great Falls and vicinity : it was the first to
arrive in camp and was mustered into the United States
service November 6, 1861, the third in rank and fifth in
line, which is the color company, with three officers and
ninety-eight men. The comnnssioned officers were, —
Captain, James M. Chase ; First Lieutenant, William C.
Knowlton ; Second Lieutenant, Charles Hooper.
Company G was recruited^ at Pittsfield and adjoining
towns by Henr\^ B. Leavitt and Joseph E. Clifford,
in New Durham and vicinity by Penuel C. Ham, and a
4 History of the Seventh Regiment
squad from the vicinity of Ossipee recruited by John
Brown, with a squad from Manchester. The squad from
Pittsfield came into camp October i8, and in a few days
were followed by the squad from New Durham and vicin-
ity and the Manchester contingent, and were mustered into
the United States service with ninety-eight enlisted men
and three officers, November 23, 1861, and took the posi-
tion of seventh in rank or ninth in line. The officers of
this company were, — Captain, Henry B. Leavitt ; First
Lieutenant, Penuel C. Ham ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph
E. Cliftord.
Company A was recruited in Manchester and vicinity
by J. F. Cotton, G. P. Mason, and V. H. Cate, and ar-
rived in camp October 19, with sixty men, and squads
from East Washington, Lancaster, and Strafford uniting
with them, the company quota w^as filled, and the}^ were
mustered into the United States service October 29, 1861.
This company was the first in rank and first in line. The
commissioned officers were, — Captain, Jonathan F. Cotton ;
First Lieutenant, Granville P. Mason ; Second Lieutenant,
Virgil H. Cate.
Company C was largely recruited in Lebanon and vi-
cinity under Jerome B. House, who came into camp Oc-
tober 20, with sixty men, where, uniting with a squad
which had been recruited by Jesse E. George from Plais-
tow and towns in that vicinity, the requisite number of men
were obtained, and the company was mustered into the
United States service November 15, 1861. The com-
missioned officers were, — Captain, Jesse E. George;
First Lieutenant, Jerome B. House; Second Lieutenant,
Samuel Williams ; and when the regiment received orders
to go to the front the company roll contained the names of
one hundred and one officer^s and men, and took rank as
sixth company or second in line.
Company B was recruited in the City of Nashua and
New Hampshire Volunteers. 5
surrounding towns by Orlando Lawrence and Ezra Davis,
in the towns of Kingston, Plaistow, and vicinity by
David B. Currier, and by George W. Taylor, who brought
in a squad from Salem and vicinity. The squad from
Nashua arrived in camp October 24, the squad from Plais-
tow arrived the next day, and Company B w^as formed ;
as soon as the men under George W. Taylor arrived,
the company being full w^as mustered into the United
States service November 1,1861, with three officers and
ninety-eight enlisted men. The commissioned officers
were, — Captain, Orlando Lawrence ; First Lieutenant,
David B. Currier; Second Lieutenant, Ezra Davis. This
company was second in rank and took position as tenth in
line, or left of the regiment.
Company K was recruited in Manchester and vicinity
by Warren E. F. Brown, who went into camp November i,
with forty men, where he was joined by Leander W.
Fogg with a squad from Dover, and by William A. Hill
with a squad from Portsmouth and surrounding towns.
This companv was mustered into the United States serv-
ice December 11, 1861, and ranked as the eighth company
and took the position of sixth in line, or left centre com-
pany. At the time of muster the company had upon its
rolls ninety-eight enlisted men and three officers, although
at one time while in camp there were one hundred and ten
names on the roll, but the extra men were transferred to
till other companies, or were thrown out at time of muster
for various causes. The commissioned officers were, —
Captain, Warren E. F. Brown ; First Lieutenant, Leander
W. Fogg ; Second Lieutenant, William A. Hill.
Company E was recruited in the towns of Fisherville
(now Penacook), Canterbury, Boscawen, Webster, and
the City of Concord, with headquarters at Fisherville, by
Jeremiah S. Durgin, Timothy Dow, and Henry W. Baker,
and arrived in camp November 4, with ninet3'-eight
6 History of the Seventh Regiment
officers and men. The locomotive which was to take the
train conveying the company from Fisherville to Concord
on their way to camp was disabled by an accident, and
the men were obliged to march to Concord, where they
were furnished transportation. Upon their arrival at
the rendezvous in Manchester, it was found that tents for
the company had not arrived and they were marched
down to the City Hall, where they were quartered for the
night, and the next day returned to camp and pitched
their tents which had in the meantime arrived.
The company was mustered into the United States serv-
ice November 7, 1861, and when the orders to proceed to
the front were issued, they left the State with three com-
missioned officers and ninetv-eight enlisted men. The
commissioned officers of the company were, — Captain,
Jeremiah S. Durgin ; First Lieutenant, Timothy Dow;
Second Lieutenant, Henry W. Baker. This company
ranked the fifth and had the seventh position in line.
Company F was recruited by Augustus W. Rollins,
Oliver M. Clark, and William F. Thayer in the City of
Dover and in the towns of Gonic and Durham, and by
Frank G. Wentworth in the towns of Rollinsford, Strat-
ham, Rye, Greenland, and Newmarket, and a few men
were enlisted from the State of Maine. Both squads, num-
bering sixty-five and thirty-six men respectively, came into
camp November 5, and were mustered into the United
States service November 7, with one hundred and one
officers and men on the roll, and were fourth in rank, or
the third company from the right of the line. The com-
missioned officers of this company were, — Captain,
Augustus W. Rollins ; First Lieutenant, Oliver M. Clark ;
Second Lieutenant, Frank G. Wentworth.
Company H was largely recruited in Hollis and adjoin-
ing towns by Nathan M. Ames and John H. Worcester,
who came into camp November 5, with forty-two men.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 7
They were escorted by the Hollis fire company, which had
procured a new uniform for the occasion, and were accom-
panied by the BrookHne brass band, which was provided
b}' the " fire Laddies " ; after reporting, they marched to the
cit}', dined at a hotel, and returning to camp in the after-
noon, buih their cook-house and pitched their tents. Thev
were joined in a few da3's by Alvah K. Potter, with a
squad from Concord and vicinity, and by quite a number
from Ossipee and vicinity, and the compan}' was mustered
into the United States service November 12, 1861, and
took rank as the ninth company and was the fourth com-
pany in line. The commissioned ofiicers were, — Captain,
Nathan M. Ames; First Lieutenant, Alvah K. Potter;
Second Lieutenant, John H. Worcester.
Company I was recruited by Joseph Fresclil and
Charles Cain in Manchester and vicinit}-, and came into
camp November 19, with forty men, was there joined
by a squad from Dover brought in by Perle}- B. Biwant
and a squad from Ossipee, and the company was mus-
tered into the United States service December i_(., 1861,
having on the rolls tiiree officers and ninety-eight enlisted
men. This company was the tenth in rank and took po-
sition as the eighth company in line. The commissioned
officers were, — Captain, Joseph Freschl ; First Lieuten-
ant, Charles Cain ; Second Lieutenant, Perley B. Bryant.
The rendezvous of the Seventh Regiment was named
" Camp Hale," in honor of Plon. John P. Hale, who was
then a United States Senator from New Hampshire, and
who had interested himself in the formation of the regi-
ment. There is not a living representative of that old
camp but vividly remembers the many pleasant times en-
joyed in that place. The tents furnished us were Sibley's,
— of the tripod style, — accommodating trom eighteen to
twenty men each. Nearly ever}' tent squad had some
particular name for their canvas home. The one in which
8 History of the Seventh Regiment
the writer of this was encamped in Company D, was
named "Bummers' Retreat." Another in the same com-
pany was named " Hardscrabble," in memory of the man-
ner in which its inmates went for "grub" at breakfast,
dinner, and supper calls ; one in an adjoining com-
pany was named " Old Gospel Shop," from the frequency
of the prayer meetings held under its canvas ; and an-
other, over in Company H, was named " Music Temple,"
because it sported a famous quartette. Nearly every
squad had its musicians and clowns, consequently we had
everything to make times lively.
As the weather crew cooler, and the nights became
sharp and frosty, we procured small sheet-iron stoves,
which were placed in the centre of the tent, inside the tri-
pod at the base of the centre-pole, and as we could procure
plenty of fuel, the atmosphere inside our tents was quite
comfortable, and was a striking contrast with the frequently
cold, raw, disagreeable weather experienced outside.
Each company also erected cook- sheds, and hired old
cook-stoves from stove dealers in town, making the ar-
rangements for cooking the rations for the regiment ver}-
good, and as the different squads and bodies of recruits
came in they were assigned to the different company quar-
ters, until it began to look as though we might be ordered
south before the winter weather became too severe.
It was the understanding from the outset between Gen.
Joseph C. Abbott and Gov. Nathaniel S. Berry and
his council that such officers only would be com-
missioned as were designated by General Abbott ; and
provisional commissions were accordingly issued to re-
cruiting officers, General Abbott waiving the posidon as
colonel only on condition that it should be given to some
graduate of West Point. The colonelcy was accordingly
bestowed upon First Lieut. Haldimand S. Putnam, of the
United States Topographical Engineers of the Regular
Army, who was considered the ablest soldier commissioned
COL. AND BVT. RRIG. GEN. JOSEPH C. ABBOTT.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 9
from New Hampshire. He graduated from West Point in
1857, at the age of twenty-one, with high honors, and was
at once assigned to the highest branch of the army service.
At the breakincj out of hostiHties he was twice sent south
with verbal messages by Lieut. Gen. Winfield Scott, and
was afterwards appointed to a responsible position on the
staff of General McDowell, and distinguished himself at
the first battle of Bull Run.
Colonel Putnam arrived and assumed command on the
26th of October, and from that time until the regiment left
for the front on the 14th of January, 1862, he devoted him-
self laboriously to the instruction and drill of both officers
and men. No part of this labor was superficially done.
The minutest details received attention, and the thorough
foundation of military knowledge then instilled into the
minds of the officers and men, proved of immense value in
the after history of the regiment.
Immediately after Colonel Putnam's arrival, guard
mounting and the instructions to sentries was quite mate-
rialh' changed, and a strict military discipline at once
commenced. No man could now go outside the lines
without a pass. Before, everybody went out about as
they pleased, and, when wanted, a patrol was sent to the
city to gather them in. Heretofore, men had been in the
habit of bringing in liquor in bottles and flasks in their
pockets, or openly. Now they had to resort to strategy
of all sorts to get even a drop inside the guards. Conse-
quently many would go out with their cartridge-boxes on,
and in the city would have a square tin box made so as to
just fit the inside of the cartridge-box, with a stopper on
one corner. They would get it filled with liquor, and for
a time succeeded in passing it in. But after a while the
officers of the guard searched those cartridge-boxes, grow-
ing suspicious on account of the large number which were
constantly worn back and lorth by those who procured
passes.
lo History of the Seventh Regiment
Then each company had their beans for breakfast Sun-
day mornings baked at the bakehouses in the city. A de-
tail from each company would be made and provided
with passes to carry the beans, which had been prepared
by the company cooks and put into mess kettles, down to
the bakehouses Saturday nights. The details would pro-
cure their bottles, get them tilled, and leave them in the
bakeshop until morning, at which time they returned early
for their beans. Then they would sink the bottles to the
bottom of the bean kettles and get them safely inside the
lines. This method of smuggling was never wholly broken
up, although it might have been to some extent.
There was one old fellow, whom many of us will re-
member, who had what everyone supposed was an old-
fashioned six-shooter, — of the pepperbox style, — but
which we afterwards found was only a whiskey flask.
Others made large walking sticks, and had false heads
with a tin tube sunk the entire length of the stick, which
would sometimes hold a quart or more.
Some of the men would get a mess kettle and a cook's
pass to go to the spring for water, which was in a ravine
just southeast of the camp, and outside of the lines.
Upon arriving at the spring the}^ would hide the kettle, go
to the cit}', get their tiasks tilled, and returning, go to the
spring for their kettle, till it with water, sink the flasks in
it, and return to the cook-house. But in time all these
ditierent ways of smuggling were spied out, and a sentry
was placed at the spring.
Besides the rations furnished by the United States Gov-
ernment, we had large packages of pies, cakes, chicken,
and corned beef, contributed occasionally by friends.
When any of the men got a turlough home for a few days,
they were sure to come back loaded with provisions ; and
then the bakeshops in the city sent up their teams two or
three times each day, except Sundays. Theretbre we
New Hampshire Volunteers. ii
had not yet felt obliged to contine ourselves wholly to army
rations.
At. an early date a few of the men of the different com-
panies displayed quite an aptitude for foraging, and it
was not an uncommon occurrence to see fresh supplies
marching into camp in charge of one of the boys. One
notorious character in particular, in our regiment at that
time, was Charles Swain, of Company D, who came up
from the cit}' one day with a stout stick upon his shoulder,
from which was suspended nearly a half bushel of fine
sausages. Where he captured them we never knew, in
fact, never cared to ask, for lie supplied the boys liberally
with them.
Again, at another time, it was by some means found
out that a certain captain had replenished his larder with
a bountiful supply of fresh sausages and a nice ham.
Alonzo C. Hoyt, a young private of Compan}' D, who
was one of the best men in the regiment, furnished the
company to which he belonged a splendid early break-
fast, while the captain if he had any at all that morning,
must have had good neighbors or friends. But discretion
being the better part of valor, the case was never inquired
into or pushed. Such occurrences were quite frequent
among the different squads, and it became almost a neces-
sity for the occupants of each tent to constantly have some
one upon the lookout for their property, and this precaution
extended even to the tents of the officers.
As winter approached we found our stoves quite useful
when the weather was severe and frosty, for we were
obliged to keep a fire in our tents nearh' every night,
which led to the accidental burning of many of our canvas
homes.
Where a tent for some reason was crowded, some of
the men would sometimes accidentally kick over the stove
in the endeavor to move tlieir feet while asleep, and the
12 History of the Seventh Regiment
straw with which the floor was covered would take fire at
once. Often at night we would be awakened by the cry
of " Fire ! " from the ever vigilant sentry, and get out just
in time to see a tent ablaze, and the occupants hardly
awakened and out before it would be a total wreck, often
losing their equipments, clothing, and arms, and some-
times personally escaping in a very scanty costume.
At one time while out on battalion drill, one of the tents
in Company F was burned, the fire lasting but a few min-
utes, but wholly destroying all the clothing and personal
property belonging to each member of the squad who had
been occupying it, and the destruction w^as so rapid that
the company cooks, who were at the cook-house, but a
few rods away, were not able to reach it in time to save
anything. Occasionally we witnessed a fire over in the
Eighth Regiment which was south of our camp.
The boys enjoyed themselves in a very pleasant man-
ner in those beautiful autumn days of 1861. Many a
time when off drill a squad would be seen marching
around the camp-ground singing "John Brown," or some
of the good old army songs of those days, and they
would be reinforced bv others as thev marched along;
until half or two thirds of the regiment had joined them,
when the musical swell and cadence of eight hundred
voices would effectively proclaim the happiness of the
crowd. Jolly, happy boys I How the remembrance of
those days was clouded by the events in after months.
Three years ago I visited the site of old Camp Hale,
and as I contemplated the changes that over thirty years of
time had wrought, I could only imagine that I heard the
old familiar noise and bustle around the camp; and as I
stood alone upon our old parade-ground, the faces of those
3^oung comrades seemed fresh before me, and once more
from memory I witnessed our dress parade. As I sadly
turned my steps away I could scarcely realize that four
New Hampshire Volunteers. 13
fifths of those comrades had quietly and silently been mus-
tered out forever, and I wondered how many of the remain-
ing fifth would survive another decade. To-day the site of
old Camp Hale is entirely obliterated, the broad plateau
being thickh^ dotted with the habitations of the people of
a growing and prosperous city. The spring where all the
water for the regiment was procured is still there, but has
long been in disuse, and will soon be a thing of the past
and covered by a fill of twenty feet of earth.
As soon as the regiment had arrived at its maximum
strength the field and staff" were appointed and commis-
sioned as follows : Colonel, Haldimand S. Putnam, of
the regular army, a native of Cornish ; Lieutenant-
Colonel, Joseph C. Abbott, of Manchester ; Major, Daniel
Smith, of Dover; Surgeon, William W. Brown, of Man-
chester ; Chaplain, Joseph C. Emerson, of Fisherville ;
Adjutant, Thomas A. Henderson, of Dover: Qiiartermas-
ter, Andrew H. Young, of Dover: Assistant Surgeon,
Henry Boynton, of Woodstock, Vt. Of the field and staff',
Lieut. Col. Joseph C. Abbott was the first one mustered,
while the last one was Adjt. Thomas A. Henderson.
The non-commissioned staff" was appointed, and con-
sisted of — Sergeant-Mafor, George H. Elliott, of Man-
chester; Qiiarterm aster-Sergeant, George S. Hanson, of
Dover; Commissary Sergeant, Henry G. Lowell, of Man-
chester ; Hospital Steward, William G. Brown, of Man-
chester; and Principal Musician, Hiram S. Clifibrd, of
Alexandria. These appointments and muster-in as such
were made December 14, 1861, the date of the muster of
the last company of the regiment.
14 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER II.
the EQUIPMENT OF THE REGIMENT. DRILL AND DISCI-
PLINE. LEARNING THE ART OF WAR. INCIDENTS
OF WINTER CAMP-LIFE. INSPECTION. GOVERN-
MENT RATIONS. MUSTER ROLLS, ETC.
The orijanization of the Seventh Reo-iment was now
faii"ly completed, and the officers and men were all mus-
tered in by the 14th of December : the arms and equip-
ments, and the uniforms and clothing had by this time
been issued to all the companies, and on the nth of De-
cember we held our lirst dress parade in full uniform, and
with arms. The clothing for the regiment had been sent
direct from Washington, D. C, and a man by the name
of Seth T. Miliken w^as appointed as store-keeper to care
for it and assist the men of the various companies in get-
ting a fit as nearly perfect as possible. The quartermas-
ter rented a store in the city for the purpose of storing this
clothing, until it could be given out to the men, who were
marched by companies or squads to the store to be uni-
formed.
The uniform consisted of "keg hats" of black felt,
trimmed with feathers and brasses, dark blue dress coats,
dark blue trousers, light blue overcoats, dark blue blouses,
and dark blue fatigue caps, the trimmings and chevrons
of light blue, except the dark blue on the overcoats.
The uniform was exactly the same as the regular army
uniform at that time. The arms issued were Enfield rifled
muskets, brass mountings, calibre 57 — with bayonet —
and of English manulacture. The}" were a very little
New Hampshire Volunteers. 15
lighter than the United States Springfield pattern, had all
the steel parts blue-bronzed, and were really a beautiful
arm and presented a natty appearance.
From the outset, every dollar expended for recruiting,
transportation, rations, and outfit, was paid directly by the
United States Government. Thus a regiment complete in
every respect, bearing on its rolls one thousand and four
officers and men, was raised, with no other expense to the
State than the bounty of ten dollars paid to each of the
men.
During the latter part of November, and during the
most of December, the weather was at times severe, con-
sequently many colds and a few fevers prevailed.
Measles broke out among the men, and the month of Jan-
uar}" came in more vigorous than ever. It was not to be
wondered at that the men many times heartily wished
themselves South, outside of the rifjors of a northern win-
ter, tor we were not as yet accustomed to tent life under
such severity. To accommodate the sick of the regiment
w^ho were at this time numerous, owing largely to the
inclemency of the weather, suitable halls were procured
in the city, and the necessary attendants and nurses de-
tailed to care for them. All the medical assistance possi-
ble was rendered, and nothing was left undone toward
making the condition of the sick as comfortable as possible.
The regiment was now drilled in earnest, four hours
each day, except in stormy weather, and discipline was
more rigidly enforced. The officers were held to a strict
account for the conduct of the men, and guard mounting
and company drill were closely watched by the colonel.
Roll-calls were reported, and all absentees arrested and
punished. Army regulations were read to the men,
strict courtesy was required to be observed toward all
officers, and all misconduct and petty offenses were pun-
ished in a military manner. As soon as discipline com-
i6 History of the Seventh Regiment
menced, it was noticed that the number of inmates in the
guard-tent materially increased, and there were at times a
dozen or more under guard for various offenses.
The tent where the prisoners were confined, was at the
entrance to the grounds — near the tents apportioned for
the use of guards — and the men confined there were up
to all sorts of tricks, even to setting their tent on fire,
which they did one night, completelv destroying it. One
of the prisoners procured in some way a ramrod, and heat-
ing it nearly red hot, came to the door of the tent, and call-
ing a corporal of the guard whom he disliked for some
reason, asked him if he would please take the ramrod
away as they did not want it in there, at the same time pass-
ing it with the heated end toward the corporal who grasped
it and very suddenly dropped it, much chagrined to think
he had been so mercilessly imposed upon. At another
time they pulled the guard-tent down, and in many ways
tried the patience of the officers of the guard.
The rations lurnished the men were now of the reirula-
tion diet, and consisted of hard bread, or better known
among the men as " hard-tack," mess-beef, pork, coffee,
and occasionally a very coarse black tea, and the men de-
tailed as cooks tor the different companies had hard w'ork
at times to give satisfaction, owing partially to inexperi-
ence in properly cooking and preparing the beef and
pork. The beef was familiarl}^ known among the boys
as " old salt horse,'' and was sometimes not properly
freshened by changing the water while being boiled.
If supper or dinner was not on time the men would occa-
sionally get up a row with the cooks, and it did not take
much to start such a row, when the cooks would be
changed, and everything would go on quietly for a while,
or until some negligence on the part of the cooks caused
another outbreak, but after a time the cooks took more
pains and the " grub " was much more satisfactory, and
the men became more affiliated to the armv rations.
MAJ. JEKE.MIAH S. DURGIN.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 17
The regiment was now getting into shape, and the
officers were required to furnish themselves with regula-
tion uniforms and equipments, which they at once pro-
vided, a few having their swords and belts furnished by
friends. It was a very uncomfortable day for any officer
Colonel Putnam caught on inspection who was not properly
uniformed and equipped according to army regulations ;
and as each commissioned officer was allowed one copy
of the "Army Regulations,", he was without excuse.
In fitting the men of the different companies to uniforms,
much trouble was experienced, as there was an occasional
man whom no ready-made uniform could possibly fit.
There were some very tall men who had to get their
trousers made in town. One sergeant in Company D,
who was six feet, four inches in height, tried about every
pair of trousers in the storehouse, and the longest ones
were about four inches too short, while some of the shorter
men had to cut off as many inches or more from each leg
of their trousers. It was a common sight to see a man
with his blouse sleeves so long that he had to take a tack
in each of the sleeves, and there were others where the
blouse would fit a man twice his size in circumference,
while in other cases, it would not (lo half wav round.
Hats, caps, and shoes were not quite so difficult to fit, yet
there were a few upon whom the largest pair of shoes
made a very tight fit. Some of the hats required large
amounts of paper wads inside the lining and many had to
be stretched to fit the different shaped heads.
December 12 was a gala day in camp, especially for
the officers, and preparations were going on all day long
for a grand ball, which the officers gave in the evening,
the men calliu"; it a " shindio-." It was held over in a large
commissary tent, enlarged and floored for the purpose,
the floor being carpeted largely with army blankets, and
covered with heavy ducking. Many friends of the officers
i8 History of the Seventh Regiment
came up from the city and the ball was a magnificent
affair, and lasted into the " wee sma' hours ayant the
twal." The ladies were brought up Irom the cit}- and
returned in hacks, and all appointments and arrangements
were made regardless of expense.
The next day the colonel gave the men a holiday, excus-
ing all formalities excepting dress 'parade and roll-calls.
This holiday was much appreciated b\" the men, and was
mostly spent in pla3'ing games of all kinds, singing, and
visiting each other in camp, and it was a good time in
general, all through the camp.
The officers of the regiment were now kept busy pre-
paring muster-rolls, company propert}* books, descriptive
books, making out returns, and the usual requisitions for
rations. Each captain was allowed to detail one man
from his company as a clerk to do this writing, and it was
no small job, as the name of every man in the company
had to be entered in each book, and an account of his
clothing which had been issued, made and charged to
him, and, in the descriptive book, a description of each
man recorded ; this was all kept in a consolidated
form, in a book, by the adjutant of the regiment. This
work was considerable, and often occupied the hours until
well into the night, as the writer of this has good reason
to remember, he having been one of those detailed for
company clerk.
On the 17th, at the battalion drill in the afternoon,
Colonel Putnam gave the regiment its first march of any
consequence, the route being westerh', over the Amoskeag
brido-e to the village of Amoskeag, thence about a mile
down the river on the west side to Piscataquog, over
the 'Squog bridge and east to Elm street, then up
Elm street to camp, a distance of about three and one half
miles, the regiment making a fine appearance. Most of
the companies having nearly the full complement of men
New Hampshire Volunteers.
19
in line made the line look as large as whole brigades, as
some of us saw them three years later. December 21, the
regiment had another short march over in the direction of
the reservoir, which was at that time northeast of the citv.
A person going over the same routes to-da}', would
hardly believe the}' were the same, so radical have been
the changes, and the limits of the city have in each case
extended far beyond.
December 23, Private Marcellus Judkins, of Company C,
died, which was the first death that had thus far occurred
in our regiment. He was from Cornish, N. H. In the
hospital which had been temporarily established in
Brown's block, down in the city, we had thirty men sick
from severe colds and fevers, and measles which had
broken out in a malijjnant form.
The routine of camp life went on as usual, and with the
advent of the new year, 1862, \\'ith the deep snows of win-
ter, which made our camp life still more uncomfortable,
we often wished ourselves farther south.
January i, there was another death in the regiment, and
on the 2d another one died, and as the weather grew
colder the death-rate seemed to increase. January 2, the
regiment was reviewed by Governor Berr\' and staff, and
Senator John P. Hale, who had taken a great interest in
the formation ot the regiment, and the Fisherville cornet
band came down with the governor and staff to furnish
music for the occasion. The governor complimented our
colonel upon our fine appearance.
On the 4th, we were again reviewed b}-^ Maj. Gen. Ben-
jamin F. Butler, who was organizing an expedition to go
South. It was one of those " Arctic days," with the ther-
mometer down to zero, and the general kept the bovs out
so long that many frozen ears, noses, or feet were the sad
consequences, and from that day on General Butler
probably had fewer admirers in the regiment than ever
before.
20 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTKR III.
OFF FOR THE WAR. BREAKING CAMP. IN NEW YORK
CITY. A MONTH IN WHITE STREET BARRACKS.
ORDERED SOUTH. ON BOARD TRANSPORTS. AR-
RIVAL AT FORT JEFFERSON, TORTUGAS ISLANDS, FLA.
January 12, orders were read at dress parade for the
regiment to proceed to the front, and everyone seemed
highly pleased at the prospective change of situation.
Many of the men who lived near the camp got furloughs
for the next day, as the orders were for the regiment
to start on the 14th and the furloughs were only given
for twenty-four hours. During the 13th, the men were
busily engaged in packing knapsacks, and arranging
ever3^thing ready for the journey on the following morn-
ing ; and many of the men received visits from their
parents, wives, brothers, sisters, friends, and acquaint-
ances, who, having heard of the orders for the departure
of the regiment, came to bid them good-bye, and wish
them a pleasant journey and a speedy and safe return.
Some of those scenes at leave-taking were very touching,
and caused many a stout, brave-hearted comrade to turn
his head and brush away a falling tear. The comrades
who are living to-day will remember those scenes better
than anyone can possibly describe them. Many letters
were written in camp on this day, informing friends,
where it was impossible for them to come and see us off,
that we were about to depart, and bidding them, so fondly
and lovingly, a written good-bye. Only about a dozen
men in each company could receive leave of absence, and
New Hampshire Volunteers. 21
that only for twenty-four hours, and as very few could get
to their friends in so short a time, the favor M'as hardly
worth asking for ; but where it was possible, our families,
sweethearts, and friends came to see us off. Officers
were very busy packing their chests and the company
property, and supervising the cooking of the two days'
rations we had been ordered to take with us. In the
quartermaster's department the regimental property was
being packed, and everything put in readiness for imme-
diate shipment, and the men in camp finally settled down,
late at night, for the last night's rest in Camp Hale, and
at taps that night, the lights went out, never to be re-
lighted again b}' those comi-ades on that beautiful camp-
ing-ground.
The morning of the 14th was cold and sharp, and we
broke camp at 7 o'clock, according to orders, and it was
wonderful to see how happy the men seemed, to think
they would now have a change in location. They were
up and out early, had their tents struck on time, and
at once proceeded to rake all the straw into heaps and
burned it, together with what furniture the}- did not give
away to the Eighth Regiment, in camp just south of us.
At last, everything being in readiness, the line was formed
in heavy marching order, at 10 o'clock, and in columns
of fours, right in front, we started for the railway station,
escorted by the Eighth Regiment, where a train was in
waiting for us. Camp Hale, our hrst militarv rendezvous,
was a thing of the past, but the many pleasant hours we
passed within its limits will never be forgotten, and the
cherished memories and fond recollections of that first
encampment will never fade from our view^
We were soon at the railway station, where we were at
once ordered aboard the train, and amidst the final leave-
taking of our families and friends, and the cheers of those
patriotic people who had gathered to wish us "God
22 History of the Seventh Regiment
speed,'' the command, " all aboard," was given, the engi-
neer pulled gently at the throttle-valve, and slowly yet
surely, we were off for the war, at just ten minutes past
twelve o'clock, at noon.
Our orders w^ere to proceed by rail to Allvn's Point,
Conn., thence by boat to Jerse}^ City, and from there
again by rail to Washington, D. C. Arriving at Nashua
our train was switched over onto the Nashua & Worces-
ter railway, and nothing of material interest occurred,
excepting the almost total disappearance of snow through
the State of Connecticut. When we neared the City of
Norwich, it did not seem that we could realize that it was
in the winter season, and that we had only a few hours
before left heavy snow-drifts away in New Hampshire.
We arrived at All3m's Point about 9 o'clock in the
evening, and at once went on board the sound boat " Con-
necticut," with orders to proceed to Jersey City, N. J.
On Long Island Sound everything went smoothly until
about 2 oclock a. m. of the 15th, when the weather became
squally, and the boat pitched badly. Many of the men
who had never before experienced a trip by water, soon
found out how people felt when under the influence of
sea-sickness. All around the bulwarks appeared a measl}'
looking crowed, and every mother's son of them seemed to
have a lot to say about New York, but our destination was
then Jersey City.
In the morning at daylight we found the weather had
set in foggy and stormy. Atter considerable beating
around we steamed up to Jersey City and laid by there a
number of hours, the cause for this soon after became
apparent. A telegram from Washington, D. C, awaited
us, ordering the regiment into barracks in the City of New
York. Consequently w^e crossed over to the South
Hampton and Havre pier, at the foot of Canal street,
where we disembarked, and were marched up Canal
New Hampshire Volunteers. 23
street to Broadway, down Broadway, and to 79 White
street, near the corner of Broadway, where there was
a building formerly used for storage purposes, six sto-
ries in height, including basement, which had been
leased by the government as a depot for troops awaiting
orders. Our regiment was at once marched inside and
occupied the upper floors, the officers occupying a part of
the first or ground floor, reserving the other portion for
guard mounting : and every dav when the weather would
permit, we were drilled on- Washington Square, in com-
pany or battalion drill.
x\fter a few days bunks were built throughout the build-
ing, and mattresses were furnished, making sleep seem a
little more comfortable, at any rate. At first guards were
only placed at the entrances to the building, but as soon
as the bo3's found they could not get out without a pass,
they began to barter with outsiders trom the windows, and
we often noticed suspicious looking bottles going up to one
of the upper floors, suspended from a line. From other
windows they were hauling in small baskets or boxes
loaded with pies, cakes, fruit, or clothing, the price of the
articles having been previousl}^ thrown to the venders on
the ground. It was soon evident that considerable " black-
strap," as the men called it, was gaining admittance, and
the more etTectually to stop it, an order was issued to
station guards or sentinels at each window, which almost
wholly ended our traffic with the outside world. For our
convenience a corner was fenced in on the lower floor and
a sutler established therein, and venders of pies, cakes,
fruits, and Yankee notions were ever afterwards denied
admission. The men who had money to spend for tobacco,
or eatables, were given the chance to patronize the
regimental sutler, who was at that time a man formerly
from New Hampshire, by the name of William Ridell,
who employed tor his clerk a man by the name of Marble.
24 History of the Seventh Regiment
Everything went on ver}' smoothly for a while, but one
da}', the men thought the sutler was charging too much
for his eatables — more than was charged by the venders
outside the building — and they became so enraged that
they gathered quite a crowd, and arming themselves with
the long iron hooks used for cleaning the grates to the
coal stoves, made a rush for the sutler's caboose, and came
near pulling it over. They probably would have cleaned
him out entirely of his stock in trade had not the officer of
the guard come to his aid bv orderincj two reliefs of the
guard to fix bayonets, and charge upon the crowd and
clear the room, which at once dispersed the crowd, and
drove the men up stairs. Ever after that guards were
stationed near the counter of the sutler's booth.
The contract for feeding the regiment while here was
awarded to a New Yorker, who had the basement floor
set with long benches which served for tables, with lower
benches for seats at either side. The tin plates, dippers,
knives, and forks from each company were gathered in to
furnish the tablew^are. The companies were marched in
order to this dininjx-room in the basement, and the guards
were marched in a bod}^ tor their rations, all under the
supervision of the officer of the day.
For a time the rations furnished were passabl}' fair, and
then they began to grow poorer, until the men would eat
but little of the food as it w^as placed before them, which
began to grow scanty as well as poor. It will be well
remembered in particular, that w^e got bean soup very often,
and that it tasted ver}- smoky, and sometimes as though the
pork used in the preparation of the soup was slightly
tainted or rusty. The men would file along to their places,
face the table, take their plates of bean soup, turn them
upside down, and file quietly back to their quarters.
Then the order of things was slightlv changed, and we
got mutton soup, which must have been made from the
SURG. WILLIAM W. BROWN,
Seventli N. H. VoluiiteiM's.
New Hampshire Volunteers, 25
very poorest and strongest kind of mutton, to judge by the
smell of the article, to which, under the circumstances,
the men did not take kindly. Consequently, when they
got down at the tables and could sniff the peculiar flavor
from the cook-room, they knew what was coming, and
at once set up such a continuous bleating that one would
think a large western sheep ranch had arrived, and at a
given signal, over would go the plates, soup and all.
But after a time the quality of the rations was in a meas-
ure remedied by the officer' of the da}- p^iying more atten-
tion to his duties, being present at each meal, to see if the
rations were fairly issued and of good quality, and that
a plentiful supply was set before the men.
Often for supper, we v.ould have a slice of wheat bread
and cheese, and sometimes a very small portion of poor
butter, perhaps a piece about the size of a walnut for each
man, or a piece of cheese about the size of a brass army
button, along with a tin dipper of coffee or tea. The men
will remember that, in order to get a decent ration of
butter or cheese to go with their bread, they were often
obliged to "gobble" up several rations of the articles as
they tiled along toward their end of the table. Those
who were " out" of their rations would hail the officer of
the day, who not knowing that any had been placed there,
would order more to be brought forward. That little
game had to be played rather extensively, in order to get
food enough, and in after years we found this an accom-
plishment not to be despised, in order to get all the rations
allowed us, and more if possible. It was a good thing for
the government, as well as the men, when they had ar-
rived at that state of perfection where it was. possible to
take twice as many rations out of a cook-tent as the
cTovernment furnished.
For amusements we were ver}^ well provided, as a num-
ber in each compan}^ were granted passes each day or
26 History of the Seventh Regiment
night, to go sight-seeing, or for the purpose of attending
the theatres or " Barnum's Museum," and nearly all the
men took in " Barnum's." Often a string band of " gem-
men ob color" would gain admission, and the boys would
fix up a temporary stage by placing a few boards on the top
end of some upright barrels, and handing up a few
cracker-boxes for seats. They generally made lots of fun
for us, and at the first sound of roll-call would take up a
collection, which was always very generously responded
to, and depart. Oftentimes they played as well as many
troupes of traveling minstrels.
A few days after the regiment arrived in New York,
the Sons of New Hampshire living in the city, gave the
officers of our regiment a supper. The men in the ranks did
not like it because all were not invited. On the evening of
the banquet George W. Fisher, of Company I, was one of
the guards at the officers' quarters, and the Sons of New
Hampshire were to come and escort the officers over to the
banquet rooms. The orders to the sentinels were not to
pass anyone unless accompanied by an officer. Fisher
told his comrade, who was on guard with him, that he did
not know the Sons of New Hampshire from a side of sole-
leather, and that he did not propose to let anyone in with-
out an officer for escort. Among others that appeared and
wanted to go in was a man with a gray coat, who was kept
waiting with the others. After a while, Adjutant Henderson
came out and told the guards that they had kept Horace
Greeley out in the cold tor fifteen or twenty minutes, to
which they replied that they were obeying orders. A ser-
geant was then detailed to pass in the visitors.
Occasionally some patriotic citizen would come up to
headquarters and ask permission to go in and take out a
few of tlie men to a theatre or lecture, and many life-long
acquaintances were thus made by our New Hampshire
bo\'s with citizens of the great metropolis. The men who
New Hampshire Volunteers. 27
were thus favored passed many pleasant hours with their
whilom chaperon.
On the 31st, we were paid by the United States for the
first time since our enlistment, which included pay accord-
ing to our rank, from time of enlistment up to December
31, inclusive. This was a great day in our lifetime, as
we were lor once with a moderate amount of funds in a
great city, where there was every inducement possible to
entice us to part with our money, and as is usual in such
cases, some of the men improved the opportunity and got
through their pile inside of a few hours.
We had quite a number of men sick while here, and
many of the serious cases were taken to the City Hospital.
The most prevalent diseases were colds and fevers, the
fevers in a few cases proving fatal. The weather during
most of our stay in these barracks was gloomy in the ex-
treme. Snow or. rain fell nearly every day, and the air
seemed chilly and damp, making it anything but comfort-
able to be away from the coal stoves in the barracks.
On the I2th of February orders were issued for the regi-
ment to get ready to go aboard transports on the morrow,
theretbre we prepared bv packing what we could conve-
niently carry, and by smashing everything else. It took
about all night to smash up the glassware, which was
composed largely of empty bottles, — a work which the
men seemed to delight in doing. Where they came from
was a mystery. It seemed as though ever}^ man had a
half-bushel or more, especially stored up for the occasion.
How it was possible to have such an accumulation under
the immediate eye of a vigilant guard was a mystery, but
sure enough they had them, and not contented with
making all the noise possible with the bottles, they
would take boards from the bunks, which were the length
of two bunks, or about fourteen feet long, and stand them
up endwise until the top end touched the ceiling, then
28 History of the Seventh Regiment
placing one foot upon the lower end, bring them down
with a crash that could only have been drowned out by
artillery practice. This noise and din was kept up con-
tinuousl}' until morning, which rendered it wholly impossi-
ble for those who were so inclined, to get a moment's sleep,
although at times it was partially stopped in places by the
officers of the guard, but as soon aS they started for other
portions of the building the disturbance was repeated.
The ne.\t morning, the 13th, we fell into line on the
lower floor, and at 8 o'clock we left the White street
building, bound for Fort Jeflerson, Fla., or Dr}- Tortugas,
as it was sometimes styled, in the Department of the South.
Six companies, B, D, E, H, I, and K, under command of
Col. H, S. Putnam, were ordered to embark on board the
clipper ship " S. R. Mallory," and the other four compa-
nies, A, C, F, and G, under command of Lieut. Col. J. C.
Abbott, were ordered on board the barque "Tycoon,"
and both vessels got under way as soon as possible.
the voyage of the " S. R. MALLORY."
As the ship passed down the harbor, the rigging was
filled with men who were bound to have a last look at the
cit}^ where they had w^iiled away a month of pleasure,
which was vividly remembered during the years that tbl-
lowed. Our ship was a full rigged " clipper," and be-
tween decks bunks had been constructed to accommodate
the men, while the officers were quartered aft in the cabin.
In the morning the weather was cloudy and cool, but at
mid-day it cleared away and the sun came out in all its
glory, followed by a beautiful, bright moonlight, and the
boys enjoyed it immensely by sitting on deck until near
mornine, siniring and storv-telling. We anchored in the
bay at niglit, and in the early hours of morning the jolly
singing of the sailors at the capstans, plainly told us the}'
were weighing anchor and were about to get under way
once more.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 29
On the 14th, the day opened with a fairly smooth sea, and
we sailed along at a fair rate, and still found the weather
cold enough to keep on our overcoats, and the next morn-
ing, the 15th, which was again cloudy and cold, found us
sailing southeasterly with a fair wind. We reached the
Gulf stream about i p. m., and rode at once out from the
cool, frosty air of winter into the atmosphere of mid-
summer, amidst beautiful showers which reminded us very
much of June showers at home. It w^as so warm that
the men found- overcoats uncomfortable, and they were
generally rolled and fastened to the knapsacks or left
down on the bunks, and it was now a common thing to
see the men lounging around on deck, lazily basking in
the sunshine like so many Florida alligators. When we
struck the Gulf stream we experienced squalls which
would set the ship rolling and pitching fearfully at times,
and it was here that many began the very difficult opera-
tion of trying to pull their boots up through their stomachs.
The i6th opened rainy with the ship pitching badly,
and the men now mostly lounged between decks, being so
sea-sick that many could hardly raise their heads from
their knapsacks, which served as pillows. There were a
few^ who were never affected by the pitching and rolling
of- the vessel. Many of us remember the extra rations of
stewed beans and pork we came in contact with by offer-
ing to go up and get the food for sea-sick comrades, and
when it was brought down to them, it was so managed
that a large slice of fat pork lay conspicuously on top of
the plate, the sight of which at once gave the waiter the
beans, and the sick man a severe wrenching.
From the 17th to the 23d we had exceedingly pleasant
weather and a smooth sea with very little wind. And
now that the solid enjoyment of a voyage at sea was immi-
nent, but one thing annoyed us, and that was that with so
little wind we were making but little headway, and we
30 History of the Seventh Regiment
began to be fearful that with so many on board we might
get short of fresh water. Nearly every day we saw large
schools of dolphins, and lots of flying fish, which were
quite a novelty to us " land lubbers," and myriads of ani-
mals floating on the water, which are commonh- known
as " Portugese men-of-war." The 23d was our second
Sabbath at sea, and yet we had got but one breeze for a
week that had amounted to much, and that only lasted for
one day. When we left New York the officers, who
messed with the captain and mates of the ship, had a large
quarter of fresh beef hoisted high up in the rigging, and
we all supposed it would spoil before We were many days
out, but it kept good and sw^eet. It would have been
heavily sampled, however, had not a vigilant guard been
kept over it.
The weather was now terribly warm and sultry.
Everybody appeared to suffer from the heat. A latigue
detail was made each morning to go into the lower hold
and get up water enough to last during the day, and it did
not take long for the boys to discover casks of sugar and
barrels of hams, which belonged to the quartermaster's
stores ; by some means many haversacks of sugar and
not a few of the hams found their way into the bunks of
the soldiers, and were considered a rich treat, inasmuch
as we had been living on hard-tack and coffee, or water,
and one cooked ration of some kind daily, when the cook's
galle}^ could be had for the purpose. But the officers
soon mistrusted that something was up, for the reason that
everybody seemed anxious to volunteer every morning for
that duty, and they soon noticed that each and every-
one carried from one to four haversacks, and sometimes a
man would carry a half-dozen canteens. The}' would
manage to fill the haversacks with sugar, or to put a ham
in one, or fill all their canteens with water — for the water
ration issued was generally a rather small allowance.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 31
Many of us will keep fresh in memory the name of
Private Charles Swain, of Company D, in behalf of the nice
haversacks of sugar and the extra canteens of water with
which he was wont to keep us supplied, for he was bound
to be on the detail to go into the vessel's hold, nearly
every time. Therefore some of us waxed fat on hard-
tack and sugar. But the officers found it out at last, and
had a guard posted each morning down below, and betbre
the detail for water had descended. Then amidships,
between decks, the quartermaster's department had some
barrels of cheese, which thev never once thoujiht would
be meddled with. It had been bought for the officers'
mess, but some of Compan}' D men found it, or smelled
it out, and before the quartermaster had discovered the
theft it had about all disappeared. Of course, nobody
knew an3'thing about it, and an order was issued to search
knapsacks and bunks, and some of the boys of Company
D who had not yet devoured all of their part of it, were
found out and arrested. Com. Sergt. Henrv G. Lowell
figured largely in the affair as a detective. The two men
arrested kept quiet as to the other participants, and were
kept under arrest until the arrival at Fort Jefferson, Fla.,
when they were tried by court martial, convicted by the
evidence adduced, and sentenced to the guard-house for a
time with ball and chain, and a Ibrfeiture of a few months
pay. They happened by chance to get caught, while the
other culprits escaped.
From the 23d to the 25th it w^as very hot and sultry, and
the men suffered very much from the intense heat,
although we got an occasional shower. When we got a
breeze it was invariabl}' a head wind. At other times it
was a dead calm, and the vast expanse of ocean disclosed
to our view seemed more like a reflection in a mirror.
Some days our ship lay perfectly quiet upon the water.
On the 26th the weather changed for a dav, and we had
32 History of the Seventh Regi.ment
rain and squalls, and the vessel pitched badl}^ at times,
and during one of these squalls two barrels which got
loose upon deck came down through the main hatchway,
creating quite a sensation on the lower deck. We passed
a large island on our left, on this day, but near enough to
plainlv see the waves dashing their foaming crests, one
after another, far up on the sandy beach, and we were
near enough, also, to notice a small white village upon the
island, w'hich contrasted strangely with the blue of the
surrounding sea, and the darker hue of the bluffs and
timber ridges of the island. Afterwards, we passed small
islands frequently, until we had passed the celebrated
Bahama Banks, or shoals, through which the channel had
many intricate crooks and windings.
We soon found ourselves goincj through the famous
" Hole in the Wall," off the Bahama Shoals, which was a
deep passage betw^een a long line of huge rocks or boul-
ders, some of which, if there had been any earth upon
them to support vegetation, would have made respectable
" one-horse islands."'
March i. Captain Freschl caught with a hook trailed
astern, two sharks, w'hich were quite a curiosity among
the men. On the 3d, we anchored near a lighthouse, the
water on the banks being so shoal that the skipper pre-
ferred taking daylight for it. Looking over the rail ot the
ship as we floated lazily along, we were astonished at the
depth we could see down into the water, caused, probably,
b}' the coral formation of the bottom, which being much
lighter colored than the water, rendered the sea almost
transparent, enabling us to plainly see schools of different
kinds of fish, with an occasional mountain of coral or a
huge rock coming up nearly out of the water; or at other
times large areas of coral fans, which seemed to us like
looking down from a balloon upon the top of a hardwood
forest. Some days we would pass a number of sails,
SURG. SYLVANUS BUNTON.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 33
headed in different directions, and occasionally a huge
steamer would come into view from some remote quarter of
the horizon, and then as quietly disappear. On the eve-
ning of March 3, when we had anchored near a light-
house, a suspicious looking craft was seen away in the
distance, and the colonelordered the guns loaded as a pre-
cautionary measure, and on the morning of March 4 they
were discharged, which we termed a salute for the anni-
versary of President Lincoln's inauguration. On the 5th
we passed a large brig which had long since been beached,
and had been thoroughly stripped and dismantled by
wreckers ; and we also passed another large light-house.
We had now been out twenty-one da3's, so much longer
than w^e calculated to make the voyage that our stock of
fresh water was getting quite short, and we were put upon
an allowance of one pint per day for each man, besides a
small allowance for cooking purposes. At this allowance
some of the men were disposed to rebel, and at the time
of issuin(r the water ration on the evenino- of the fourth,
a large crowd gathered around the water tanks, and be-
came quite noisy, which called for the prompt action of
the officer of the day, who at once ordered the crowd to
disperse, but no notice was taken of the order, and the
officer of the guard was at once ordered to have the ring-
leaders of the disturbance arrested, which was quickly
done, and several were arrested and put in irons and
placed down between decks, in separate places, and an
armed sentry of the guard placed over each one. Promis-
ing better conduct in the future these men were released
in the morning, and no further trouble was experienced
regarding the water allowance.
The nights were now so sultry that a large portion of
the men slept on deck rather than go below, where the
atmosphere was terribh" close, the only means of ventila-
tion being canvas tubing provided with an elbow at the
3
34
History of the Seventh Regiment
end above the deck, which was so fastened as to catch the
wind. We had l>een on l)oard ship now tor so many
da}"y, and in such a crowded condition that the passage
was getting" monotonous in tlie extreme. For a change
the men would occasionallv get some liooks and lines
from the sailors, and liaiting them with salt pork trail them
aft for sharks, and a number were cauo-ht, amono- which
was one quite large, one of the species or varietv knoun
as '* shovel-nose."
March 6 opened ten^ibh' warm with no breeze, conse-
quent! v we lay quietly upon the face of the " mighty
deep."" During the day we saw a lew buttertiies, which
seemed so strangely out of place to ns at this time of the
3'ear. We \\ ere in sight of land all day, and saw a num-
ber of tishing smacks some of which the olficers of the
ship spoke. On the 7th, we passed another lighthouse,
and were sailing under a good bi'eeze, the weather being
at times squally, the wind being so strong that some of
the sails were split into pieces. On the Sth, we had a
strong breeze and were sailing on ditferent tacks, with no
land in sight except a few small islands. We passed Key
West in the distance and in the evening saw Tortugas
Light, and at 2 o'clock on the morning of the 9th, by
some mistake, the ship got last aground on one of the
many sand bars that here intest the channel and about a
mile otTFort Jeflerson, wdiich at daylight we could plamly
see in the distance. We were taken to the fort on hshing
smacks, which were sent out to us for this purpose. We
were happy to be on land once more, ha\ing been on ship-
board twenty-four days. We found that the "Tycoon"'
had got in ahead of us by about a week.
THE passage of the r.ARQj.;E " TYCOON."
At half past seven, Februar}* 13, four companies of the
Seventh Regiment, A, C, F, and G, under command of
Lieut. Col. Joseph C. Abbott, started from the White
New Hampshire Volunteers. 35
street barracks for pier 47, East River, for the purpose
of embarking on the barque " Tycoon," for Fort Jefferson,
Fla. By 9 a. m. they were all aboard, and ever3^thing
being in readiness, they were at once towed down to
Sandy Hook by the steam tug " C. P. Smith," where at
noon on the 14th the}' bade good-bye to the pilot, and
waving a farewell salute to the captain of the tugboat, set
all sail with a light wind from the east-northeast.
On the 17th, Private Thomas K. Heath, of Company
A, died at 9 o'clock p. m. He had been sick since
coming on board, and remained below in his bunk, appar-
ently frightened at the rolling and pitching of the ship.
At last he was brought on deck, where, as soon as he
beheld the broad expanse of water around him, with the
mountainous waves heaving like a seething cauldron, he
seemed so overcome by fright that immediately he sank
upon the deck, and expired within a lew hours. Under
these extraordinar}' circumstances the death of this com-
rade aboard ship seemed a pitiful one. At 10 o'clock on
the morning of the i8th, we gave the bod}' of our soldier
a burial at sea. Having been sewed up in his blanket,
with a sixty-pound shot at the foot, the body was laid
upon a plank and covered with the stars and stripes.
Adjt. Thomas A. Henderson read the beautiful burial
service of the Episcopal church, and at its conclusion, as
he pronounced the " Amen," one end of the plank was
lifted and the body, with a dull splash, passed gently
down into the depths of the " deep, deep sea/' The body
was buried with military honors, and the usual three
volleys were fired over the remains, and the ship, which
had been " hove to " for the performance of the ceremony,
w^as again put upon her course. Of all the burial services
witnessed during the war I think the comrades will all
agree that this burial at sea was far the most impressive.
Head winds prevailed during the larger part of the
36 History of the Seventh Regiment
voyage, and a few sails were sighted belonging to vari-
ous kinds of crafts. Occasionally we would experience
squally weather when it would seem as though we were
experiencing a small hurricane which would burst sud-
denly upon us, causing such pitching and tumbling that it
made lots of fun for the sailors to see the bluecoats go
tumbling around from one side of the barque to the other.
After a tew daj's out, anything for a change seemed good,
if a sail hove in sight, or a porpoise dodged up, or the tin
of a shark was seen, there was a grand rush to the ship's
rail to get a sight at it. When we got down opposite the
southern states there were fears of our being met by some
rebel gunboat, therefore, the men were supplied with
one cartridge and two percussion caps. The comrades
will smile when they read this and think of the one hun-
dred rounds they were compelled to ''tote" around in
after months.
On the 26th, we sighted Abaco Island, and passed the
" Hole in the Wall," and shortly after passed to the north-
ward of St. Andros Island, and a little before midnight we
anchored on the Bahama Banks in thirty fathoms of
water, amidst heavy rain, thunder, and lightning. On the
28th, we sighted Orange Keys, and a little later Double
Headed Shot Keys, where was a lighthouse. The eve-
ning of March i, we saw Sand Key Light, fifteen miles
away, and earl}' the next morning saw Tortugas L-ight,
eighteen miles distant, and soon after received a pilot on
board, who took us within a mile of Fort Jefferson, where
we anchored, and after being boarded by the inspecting
officers of the fort we were taken ashore on fishing
smacks, having been seventeen and one half days on the
voyage.
The voyage of the " Tycoon" had not been as long as
that of the " Mallory," but had been every bit as tedious.
After we had been out about a week a case of small-pox
New Hampshire Volunteers. 37
was discovered in Company G, and soon after another
case was found, but the disease was not pronounced small-
pox by the surgeons at that time for some reasons, and it
was not until we had landed that the surgeons made it
known that the disease discovered was the much dreaded
small-pox. It seemed the more serious, however, as
between decks fom- hundred men had been closely
crowded, and of course, had been exposed to the disease.
It was at one time surmised that the disease was yellow
fever, but happily, such was not the case.
38 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER IV.
GARRISON LIFE AT FORT JEFFERSON, FLA. HUNTING
FOR gulls' eggs. LOGGER-HEAD TURTLES. IN-
FANTRY DRILL AND FATIGUE DUTY. MOUNTING
HEAVY GUNS. DRILLING AS HEAVY ARTILLERY.
RAVAGES OF SMALL-POX. DEPARTURE FOR BEAU-
FORT, S. C.
Dry Tortugas Island, one of the Florida Ke3's, upon
which was situated Fort Jefferson, was at this time the
principal depot for the distribution of rations and munitions
of war to the forts and military posts at the South. Large
quantities of these articles were here collected, and it was
for the purpose of guarding these stores that the Seventh
was stationed at this desolate spot, which has since been
fitly used as a safe depository for prisoners condemned to
hard labor or long confinement.
The regiment was now together again, and Colonel
Putnam at once assumed command of the post. Besides
the Seventh New Hampshire there was Company M of the
First U. S. Artillery, under Capt. and Bvt. Maj. Loomis
L. Langdon, and three companies, B, I, and K, of the
celebrated "Billy Wilson's Zouaves" Sixth N. Y. Volun-
teers, stationed here. This post w^as in the Department
of the South, and under the command of Brig. Gen. John
M. Brannan, who was stationed at Key West, Fla., and
to him Colonel Putnam at once reported.
About March 12, the men were all ordered to be vac-
cinated as a preventative of small-pox, which was now be-
ginning to show itself, especially among the men who had
New Hampshire Volunteers. 39
been exposed on the " Tycoon," and a hospital was estab-
lished over on Bird Key, a low flat island composed
mostly of white sand, with scarcely a shrub upon it.
When a comrade was taken sick and ordered into hospital
on that God-forsaken patch of sand, about three miles
from the fort, and took leave of his comrades, as they
tenderlv helped him aboard the little boat which was to
convey him over, and carefully placed his knapsack and
other personal eff"ects beside him, it must have seemed like
forever leaving the world behind ; yet the disease proved
fatal in only about one fifth of the cases ordered there.
It is said that the action of the ocean has entirely
changed the position of this island, and that the graves
were long since washed away, and the sad thought often
occurs that these lonely graves were never decorated on
Memorial Day.
March 14, there was an inspection by Brigadier-General
Brannan. The weather was terribl}' warm, and the rays
of the sun seemed scorching hot, which tended to make
the inspection tedious. When otY duty the men busied
themselves by watching for vessels entering the port,
viewing the inside of the fort, and rowing for exercise,
for there were numerous boats about the fort. It was a
novel si^rht to us to notice the workmen around the fort
with straw or palm-leaf hats, and clad in linen suits. Es-
pecially did it seem so at this time of the year, when we
remembered that the homes we had left scarcely two
months before were yet snow-bound. We had a cocoanut
grove inside the fort and several clumps of mesquite
bushes. The cocoas were quite a novelty to us and were
handsome trees.
The three companies of " Billy Wilson's Zouaves," sta-
tioned here, soon left us to join the remainder of their
regiment near Pensacola, Fla. These Zouaves were truly
a hard looking crowd, and though they took kindly to our
40 History of the Seventh Regiment
volunteers they always took every occasion to anno_y the
regulars, even putting themselves to considerable incon-
venience to do so.
The moonlight at night was ver}- bright and the men
enjoyed these evenings ver}- much. Almost the finest
print could be easily read, so strong was the light from the
moon when at its full. Occasionall}' some of the men
would busy themselves when otT duty by fishing from the
piers which were built on the channel side of the fort, and
we smile as we remember with what untiring energy and
persistency^ some of our men would sit in the hot sun all
da}^ long on the corner of a pier and scarcely have a bite
at their hook, and we often wondered where the pleasure
came in. At this post were stored quite a number of
beeves, and many swine, which were kept upon one of the
islands nearest the fort, called " Hog Island," and we can
remember how we enjoyed the fun of seeing the cattle
swim the channel between the fort and the island, with a
hawser fastened to each horn for safety, should the ani-
mal be in danger of drowning.
A detail of men was made tVom the regulars and from
our regiment who butchered twice each week, thus
furnishing the troops with fresh meat, and two or three
fishermen, who resided in the fort and who owned small
fishing smacks, were employed to catch fish for the garri-
son ; therefore we had plenty of fresh fish whenever our com-
pany fund had increased in sufficient quantity to warrant
the outlav. Compan}^ funds were created by receiving
commutation for any rations that we did not care to draw
from the commissary, on the regular requisitions, and for
which the compan}^ could be credited and the money value
drawn therefor by the commanding officer of the com-
panv, and which could be used at his discretion in buying
fish or an}^ other article of food which might be desired,
and which was not issued by the government. We prob-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 41
ably had our requisitions more fully filled, and the rations
were undoubtedh^ of a better quality at Fort Jet^erson,
than at any other time during our service, but of course
we could hardh' expect as much when in the field, where
we were subject to being almost constantly on the move.
Occasionally a squad of men in some compan}' would get
a pass and a boat, and of an evening go over to Sand Key
after gulls' eggs, of which they found many, sometimes
procuring as many as a barrel at a single trip. We then
had eggs in a plentiful suppl}^ for a da}- or two, and had
them cooked in as many different ways as our cooks could
devise.
After we got tired of the egg business we made trips in
boats to the same place for the celebrated Logger-head
turtles, taking one of the fishermen with us in order that
we might learn how to capture them. We hardly ever
came back without two or three turtles, and we could keep
those we did not wish to use immediately, until wanted, by
making a pen with stakes and planks in the breakwater or
ditch just outside the walls of the ibrt. Sometimes we
would sell them to the officers' mess or to some other com-
pany, or to some of the workmen on the fort, for there
were at this time about two hundred civilian workmen em-
ployed by government in different places about the fort,
which was not 3'et fully completed.
Logger-head turtles were of a very large variety, and
were nice to eat. Often from one fair sized turtle we
would get a washtub half lull of eggs, but we never rel-
ished them very well as they had an oily taste we did not
fancy. We remember a ver}^ large turtle which some of
the men of Compan}' G brought in early one morning,
and having no pen to put him in, they bored a large hole
through the after part of his top shell, and fastened one
end of a large rope to him, making the other tast to a
huge stake. Of course everybod}- admired him during
42 History of the Seventh Regiment
the clay, but the next morning he had disappeared, — gone
to sea, for aught his owners knew, and the rope had the
appearance of being gnawed oft'. No one would throw
any light upon the subject, and we very much doubt, at
this late day, if anyone living can solve the problem, ex-
cepting those by whom it was eaten. These turtles are
very stout and quite heavy to handle, sometimes taking as
many as two or three men to turn them upon their backs,
— as that is the only way they can be eftectually handled.
A man can step upon the back of one, and the turtle will
move along by his flukes as though he had no load at all.
They are very vicious, and will easily snap a broomstick
in pieces with their jaws.
Therefore, with plenty of turtle steaks and soups, fresh
eggs, and fish chowders, we drew less rations from gov-
ernment and managed to lay the foundation of a fund in
the different companies which, properly handled by the
officers, would prove of much benefit to the men in after
months.
About the lOth of May, the supply steamer "General
Meiggs " came in from New York with hospital stores,
and among other articles were five thousand crutches.
Nearly every day something in the shape of a steamer or
sailing vessel arrived with mail, stores, equipments, or
stone, bricks, or lumber for the fort, or with shot and
shells for the magazines, or departed with mail, coal, or
naval stores for the vessels belonging to the Gulf squadron.
Soon after our arrival at Fort Jefferson we commenced
a series of drills, which in the extreme heat of the climate
seemed very hard to endure. Besides the drill as infantry
we were thoroughly instructed in the tactics of heavy ar-
tillery, under the inmiediate supervision of the officers of
the regular battery M, of the First U. S. Artillery, until we
were quite proficient in the practice of target firing. It
was a change from the infantry drill to which we had
New Ha-mpshire Volunteers. 43
become so well accustomed, and we readily took to it until
nearly every sergeant and corporal in the regiment, who
acted as gunner, could smash the target, which would be
anchored a mile away. And to this day I fancy I can
hear ringing in my ears the solid command of " In bat-
thery ! " from brave little Ned Cahill, of Company M, First
U. S. Artillery, who instructed my particular squad in the
first exercises on those eight and ten-inch columbiads.
We had two sutlers' stores in the fort, one belonging to
our regiment and the other belonging to the post. These
sutlers' stores were great places for the men to congre-
gate of an evening, and when the crowd was large it was
not an uncommon thing to see plugs of tobacco, boxes of
sardines, raisins, herrings, and canned goods of differ-
ent kinds passing along through the crowd until somebody
outside could reach them, and then disappear.
One dark evening as the writer of this was making his
way through the door of the post sutler's store, he was
suddenly confronted by a soldier with a large pineapple
cheese, who, placing it in our hands, commanded us to
" git," which we did in double-quick order. By his voice
w^e recognized the man to be Swain, of Company D. We
retained our grip upon the cheese, however, to the benefit
of the company larder.
The larger part of the fresh water used in the fort was
made from the sea-water with the aid of condensers, al-
though by arrangements purposely made, much of the
rain that fell about the fort was, by a system of gutters,
run into underground tanks or cisterns, where it was kept
under lock and key, for the use of the officers' quarters,
and tasted so much better than the condensed that it was
considered a rich treat when the men could occasionally
find the pump left unlocked and confiscate a gallon or
two, although the condensed water was undoubtedly better
for most purposes and purer. From the condensers the
44 History of the Seventh Regiment
water was run into large vats built partly under ground,
and when one compartment was filled the stream was
changed to another, in order to allow that in the first to
cool, and sometimes they got ahead on the supply so that
the water would not be used from some of the vats for a
week or two, and when issued would be found ver}^ full of
little wigglers ; and when the rations of water, which con-
sisted of a gallon per day for each man, were issued to the
different companies, it was conveyed to the cook-house,
where it was filtered throucrh a fine strainer into the
water barrel : and at times we have seen it so bad that a
quart of the water would pan out a half-pint of wigglers.
But we got used to it, and after a time thought nothing of
it. In order to supply the fort, two large condensers or
boilers w^ere kept running night and da}', and while we
were at this post two much larger ones were procured
and placed in position ; while these new condensers
were being put in readiness for use, a supply of water was
brought in casks by vessels, and was so thick and ropy
that it was very disagreeable to use.
The climate here was such that the utmost precaution
was necessary to prevent stores or provisions from getting
spoiled. At one time a board of survey was convened,
which condemned fifteen hundred hams belonging to the
commissary stores, which were taken out into the channel
and left as food for the sharks with which the deep water
around the fort was infested. When storing flour, which
w^as done in large quantities, the precaution w^as taken to
dip each barrel into the salt water, and the results were
found to be very favorable for its preservation.
At first a few of the companies were quartered in tents
on the crround inside the fort but were afterwards moved
into bastions of the fort where the men constructed board
bunks, a straw mattress was provided, and a mosquito
net or bar was issued to each man, which was suspended
New Hampshire Volunteers. 45
from the four corner posts of the bunk, and was a much
needed acquisition, for in all our wanderings we never
found the equal of those long-billed insects, known as
•' bull mosquitos of Southern Florida."
After we had got fairly settled down at this post a large
detail was made each day for the purpose of mounting
some heavy new gunS which were being brought b}^
steamers, and First Lieut. Wm. C. Knowlton, of Com-
pany D, was detailed to take charge of the men, the
whole being under the supervision of the engineer in
charge. Captain Todd, of the Topographical Engineers,
of the regular army. Lieutenant Knowlton being a
practical mechanic, seemed especially adapted for this
work and was equal to the occasion. He also had charge
of unloading and moving the huge condensers to their
hnal position, and performed this ditficult duty to the sat-
isfaction of Captain Todd, who complimented him upon
his efficiency. As a practical mechanic, Lieutenant
Knowlton had tew^ equals. This fatigue work was very
laborious, and an order was issued allow'ing the men thus
detailed a ration of one gill of whiskey twice each day,
and was given when the men were marched up for dinner
and supper, the commissary sergeant, who was a regular,
issuing it from a pail by the use of a gill measure, or cup.
The men would drink and fall out, commencing on the
right, and when unobserved by the sergeant, would
" scoot" around to the left, fall into line, and get a double
ration, and sometimes a triple one. But alter a time the
sergeant found the left of his line grew and detected the
trick, and at once put a stop to it. An officer to get the
start of all the ingenious tricks that were plied, had to get
up earlv and stay up late, and he needed to look tour
ways at once.
We remember the commissary kept his whiskey in one
of the lower casemates, which had been litted up with a
46 History of the Seventh Regiment
door and was kept locked. One day Private Swain, of
Company D, happened to be in the casemate above, and
looking down through one of the ventilating holes left in
the arch, for the purpose of carrying away the dense
smoke when the guns were used, he saw that the barrel
and faucet were almost directly beneath. So procuring
some fish-hooks and lines he low^ered them through the
hole, and hooked tliem to the bail of the pail beneath
the faucet, and would raise it to the ceiling where, with a
rubber drinking tube, he would fill a few canteens and
then lower it to its place ; for the sergeant in charge would
often leave the pail half full, after giving out the whiskey
rations to the fatigue details. The game was played for
quite a time and was only detected at last by the sergeant
coming to the room one dav while Sw^ain was at work, as
usual, filling several canteens, who, hearing the ke}' turn
in the lock, at once dropped pail, lines and all, and
quickly cleared out, and the sergeant was not swift enough
to detect him.
At another time he found out that where they stored the
flour in long tiers, three or four barrels high, they left a
narrow passage between the tiers and the brick walls of
the fort, and getting in the passage he took out the head
of one barrel and brought the flour in sacks to his com-
pany cook-house, and then another barrel went the same
way, and a third was started, when someone belonging to
the quartermaster's or commissary's department happened
through behind the barrels and discovered what was going
on, but the culprit was not detected ; and that particular
company to which Swain belonged, rolled up a fair com-
pany fund while using flour freely for slapjacks, dough-
nuts, dumplings, dufts, and puddings.
Among other grotesque and funny characters in our
regiment was Ebenezer Buck, of Company C, a genuine
New Hampshire Yankee, who was either always in
New Hampshire Volunteers. 47
trouble of some kind up to his eyes, or getting the best of
some comrade, which latter he would enjoy hugely.
While at this post, for some offense, he was ordered to
wheel a certain pile of bricks in a barrow from one part
of the fort to another, and being an old man was ordered
not to load too heavy, and w^as allowed to rest often. One
Corporal Shannon, of the same Company C, was detailed
to superintend the carrying out of the order. Now, we
have always supposed that he ow^ed Corporal Shannon a
small grudge, which he was determined to pay with inter-
est at the tirst opportunity. He began his work by putting
onlv three bricks on the barrows and resting nearly every
half-rod, but finding that at that rate the job w^ould not be
of long duration, he reduced his loads to one brick each,
and shortened the distance between rests, the result of
which was that it took him a full day to perform the
amount of labor which could have been performed in an
hour, much to the discomfiture of Corporal Shannon, who
was compelled to travel back and forth with the old
man all da}-, to see that the orders for disciplining him
were carried out.
x^t another time he was for some reason placed in the
guard-house, and at " breakfast call" the sergeant of the
guard, who was then on duty, sent a member of the guard
with him to his compan}- cook-house for breakfast.
While there he gave the guard the slip, and kept out of
sight all day and far into the night, until he got so hun-
gry he could stand it no longer, when he came to the
cook-house for food and w^as again arrested. But he
seemed well pleased wuth his day's work, having, as he
said, " tuckered out " three reliefs who had hunted for
him, but who failed to discover his hole — and the fort
was full of just such places.
Comrade Levi T. Woodman, of Company H, was de-
tailed as a carpenter in the quartermasters department.
48 History of the Seventh Regiment
while at this post, and a portion of his time was occupied
in making the common rough coffins or boxes which the
United States Government furnished at all garrisons and
posts where troops were stationed ; at one time, when
the small-pox was raging fearfully, the surgeon came to
him one night and ordered three coffins to be finished by
morning. So our comrade just spread himself and got
them completed, but in the morning only two were taken
awav, and the third one was laid away as a spare one on
hand, w'hen one day the particular man for whom it was
made, appeared and claimed it as lawfully and rightfully
his, but as he could not get it into his knapsack he wisely
concluded to let it remain in the store-house.
William Mason, of Company D, was detailed in the
quartermaster's department as armorer, to repair the small
arms at this post, and the repairs on our Enfield rifled
muskets, and the re-bronzing of the barrels and bands as
thev became worn, was a work of no small magnitude.
He was afterw^ards detailed to run one of the condensers,
for supplying fresh water to the post.
While here Capt. Jesse E. George, of Company C, and
First Lieut. David B. Currier, of Company B, sent in
their resignations which were accepted, and the}' left us
for the North, and near this time about thirty enlisted men
were also discharged on surgeon's certificate of disabilit}^.
Owing to these resignations First Lieut. Jerome B. House,
of Company C, was promoted captain of that company,
and Second Lieut. Samuel Williams was promoted to
first lieutenant, and First Sergt. Andrew J. Lane was pro-
moted to second lieutenant, while in Company B, Second
Lieut. Ezra Davis was promoted to first lieutenant, and
Sergt. George W. Tajdor was promoted to second lieu-
tenant.
Man}^ of the men gathered conch and other sea-shells
and coral, and sent them home to New Hampshire as
CHAPLAIN JOSEPH C. EM P:RS()N.
C^. M. SERGT. DARIUS MERRH.L. HOSP. STEWARD HENRY S. BUX'IOV.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
49
curiosities. Very large conch shells could be obtained in
the surrounding waters, and the shells were generally-
buried for a number of da3's until the conch became de-
cayed enough to be taken out of the shell, then the
shells were scraped and whitened and finished or polished
and sent north in boxes or barrels, with coral and various
kinds of shells, by freight or express to friends. The
stench arising from these decayed conchs inside the fort
was almost unbearable, and the men brought in so many
that as a last resort Colonel Putnam issued an order for-
bidding the bringing inside the fort of any more conchs,
and such instructions were issued to the officer of the day,
who in turn had the guards instructed to that effect. A
few da3's after this order was issued it came the turn of
Capt. Joseph Freschl to be officer of the day, and the
captain, who was an x\ustrian, and noted for the rather
comical way in which he sometimes expressed himself in
English, had the sentry w^ho was posted at the sally-port
duh' instructed, and during the forenoon a big, strapping
fellow belonging to Company C approached the sally-port
with a conch of immense size in his hand, and was
promptly stopped by the sentry, who at once called the
sergeant of the guard, and the sergeant seeing the officer
of the day approaching, asked him what he should do
with the man. " Put him in ze guard-house," replied the
captain. '* But," said the sergeant, " what shall I do
with the conch?" The little captain, casting a withering
look at the sergeant, thundered out, "Put him in ze guard-
house, conch and all," and the culprit was duly placed
under guard, and one more conch got past the sentry and
inside the fort. It leaked out in a short time and caused
considerable mirth among the officers, and it was some
time before the little captain could be convinced that the
I'oke was on him. But the men had the privilege of cur-
ing their conchs outside the fort, if they chose.
4
50 History of the Seventh Regiment
At the time the Seventh Regiment hmded at Fort Jef-
ferson, there was confined in one of the cells of the guard-
room, on one side of the sally-port, a powerfully built
man, who had been a corporal and afterwards a first ser-
geant of the U. S. Marine Corps, and regarding whose
imprisonment but little was known, and which seemed
shrouded in mystery. Every survivor of the Seventh
who was at this post will remember the man and will be
interested in knowing, even at this late day, such facts
and circumstances as could be gathered regarding him..
He received his food from the cooks of Batter\- M, First
U. S. Artillery, to which battery he was assigned for ra-
tions.
His name was William Toornes, and he seems to have
disappeared in a mysterious manner, there being no ex-
isting records of his having served his sentence or that
he died during his confinement. He seemed a very intel-
ligent person and appeared well read in military matters.
Under date of November i6, 1892, Headquarters U. S.
Marine Corps, Washington, D. C, a communication from
Col. Charles Hevwood, in relation to the late Corp.
William Toomes, U. S. Marine Corps, was received, as
follows :
'• It appears that this man was tried by a general court
martial in the autumn of 1861, upon charges of a treason-
able character (the exact wording of the charges I am
unable to find), and was sentenced to be confined in the
penitentiary in this district, until February 27, 1865, that
being the expiration of his term of enlistment, but the
place of confinement was changed by order of the secre-
tary of the navy, and Toomes was sent to the Tortugas,
where it was supposed he served his sentence, as no trace
of him appears on the records of these headquarters after
he was transferred to Brooklyn for shipment to the Tor-
tugas. His place of nativity was Wells, King William
County, Virginia."
New Hampshire Volunteers. 51
Col. Loomis L. Langdon, First U. S. Artillery, who
was stationed at Fort Jefferson in command of Battery M,
First U. S. Artillery-, when the Seventh arrived, writes
regarding the prisoner as follows :
" I remember the man of whom vou write. I had joined
at Tortugas some months before the Seventh New
Hampshire arrived. I found the man there then, and the
orders were very strict with reference to him. No one
was allowed to speak to him-, nor was he allowed to speak
to anyone. I understood that he had been sentenced to
solitary confinement for life, and his off'ense was supposed
to have been treason against the government, to carry out
which all the more effectually, it was said, he had enlisted
in the Marine corps, and worked his way up to be first
sergeant. Every day he was taken out for a walk two or
three times around the fort, on the sea-wall. lie looked
to me to be a man of superior intelligence to the average
sergeant. I left the post in June, 1862, and the man was
still there. I returned to that post in 1872, ten years after
— and the man had gone — but where, I never could
learn. I searched the post records, but those had been
carelessly kept, and I could find no trace of him, his
name, or his offense."
June 6, Maj. D. Agreda, inspector-general of the depart-
ment, inspected the garrison and post, in a most thorough
manner. During this month a malignant tvpe of typhoid
fever made sad havqc among us, and again Bird Key
hospital was crowded, and it seemed for a time that our
ranks would be sadly decimated before we should fight
our first battle. The weather was getting very warm, and
the days were uncomtortablv hot, the thermometer often
showing no to 116 degrees in the shade, before noon.
Bird Key, where our hospital was situated, one of the
six Tortugas islands, was simply a sand-bar in the sea,
about one hundred rods long and twenty rods wide. A
52 History of the Seventh Regiment
portion of this sand-bar was covered with small bushes
about as high as a man's waist, and a few tufts of coarse
grass were seen in spots ; the rest of the island w^as a
dry, white coral sand. No part of the island was more
than three feet above the water level at high tide, while
the most of it was not over one foot. This coral sand was
very coarse and the water swashed through it as easily as
it would through sawdust. When the sea was rough the
position on that sand-bar w^as not an enviable one,
especially in stormy weather, when it seemed as though
the waves would overwhelm it. The island had been
used for a burial place of such soldiers and sailors as had
died at Fort Jefferson hospital previous to the arrival of
the Seventh N. H. Volunteers. The first patient sent to
this island from the Seventh was from Company C, and
was the one who contracted small-pox in New York, and
was sick when the "Tycoon" arrived at Fort Jefferson.
Company C was quartered while on the " Tycoon " in
what was know^n as the " mess room," which was just
large enough to accommodate one company, hence as he
was sick in quarters none but men of Company C came in
contact W'ith him after the disease showed itself, and as a
fortunate result the malady did not spread beyond that
company, but for this extraordinary circumstance the
other companies of the detachment must have suffered
from this much dreaded disease. The medical officer,
Asst. Surg. Henry Boynton, did not report to anyone
but Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott, on board the " T^-coon,"
therefore when the barque arrived at Fort Jefferson, not
a soul except these two officers knew that small-pox had
broken out among the men.
But few of the men had been vaccinated before leaving
Camp Hale, and it was but reasonable to expect that large
numbers of them must come down with the disease after
the troops were landed ; as soon as it became known
New Hampshire Volunteers. 53
that small-pox had broken out, it created quite a commo-
tion among the garrison and the workmen at the fort, and
the small-pox hospital at Bird Key was at once estab-
lished, Assistant Surgeon Boynton was detailed to take
charge, and a few nurses and assistants were detailed
to go there with him. The only shade that could be pro-
vided was that atlbrded by the "A" tents allotted tor this
purpose, which were pitched upon the highest part of the
island. Every day when the condition of the sea would
admit, a boat was sent to the island with water and pro-
visions, but on one or two occasions the supply boat could
not get to the island for a period of two days, and on one of
these occasions the patients were without water for twenty-
four hours. The tropical sun was almost vertically over-
head, and the heat w^as intense, the thermometer often
standing at 100 in the shade.
There were forty-eight cases of small-pox, in all, sent to
this hospital, of which ten died and were buried there, and
a large number of those wdio survived were soon after dis-
charged and never returned to the regiment. The death-
rate was smaller than could at that time be shown by the
records of an\' small-pox hospital on land, in the world,
but this unprecedented fact w^as no doubt owing largelv to
the fact that the men were practically at sea all the time
and were in the open air day and night. Two soldiers
who died at the post hospital at Fort Jefferson, from other
causes, were brought over and buried on Bird Key during
the epidemic.
This collection of sand islands called Tortugas Keys
was composed of Garden Key, upon which was built Fort
JelTerson, which covered the whole Key, except a small
sand-bar outside the fort, where was situated the post hos-
pital. The other islands were named East Key, Sand
Kev, Bush Kev which was the smallest of all, Logger-
head Key, on which stood Logger-head Light, and which
54 History of the Seventh Regiment
was six miles from the fort, and Bird Key. Tortugas
Light was situated inside of Fort Jefferson.
The men will remember that most of our mail came on
the schooners "Tortugas" and "Nonpareil," which kept
up a constant communication with Ke}' West at intervals
of two or three da3's, and many other sailing vessels and
steamers were almost constantly coming or going loaded
with stores or supplies, and there was only occasionally a
day when no vessel or steamer was at the wharves or
even in sight. At one time we had the U. S. steamer
" Nightingale," belonging to the Gulf Squadron, in for coal,
and while here her crew captured a very large shark and
towed it ashore at the wharf. We also had our mail
brought often by the schooners " Florida" and " Union."
The schooner "Wanderer," now belonging to the U. S.
Navy, came in for coal during our stay here. She was
formerly a slaver, before the war, of some notoriety, and
a very swift sailing vessel. A record of all vessels arriv-
ing at the post was kept at the post adjutant's office, and
the date of their departure, together with the name of the
place where from, and where bound.
June 14, the little steamer " W. C. Remy " arrived
from Key West, with mail, and a U. S. paymaster, and
orders for the removal of our regiment to Beaufort, S. C.
The 15th (Sunday), we were paid for four months, and
after working hard all night to get our stores and baggage
aboard the large steamer "Ericson," which had been sent
down after us, our regiment with Battery M, First U. S.
Artillery, went aboard at noon. We were relieved by a
part of the Ninetieth N. Y. Volunteers, under command of
Lieut. Col. L. W. Tenelli, the "Ericson" having brought
five companies of that regiment from Key West, when she
came for us. At noon of the i6th, we were ordered into
line, and forming column by companies, we marched in
review before Colonel Putnam, while a detail of Battery M
New Hampshire Volunteers. 55
fired a salute from their brass guns, and at 12.45 o'clock
p. M. the troops who were to leave w^ere all on board,
the huge steamer swung away from the wharf, and was
soon following the intricate windings of the channel. In
a few hours only Tortugas Light, which was one hundred
and sixty feet high, and built inside of Fort Jefferson, and
Sand Key Light remained visible.
At 8 o'clock the next morning, we arrived at Key West,
where we took aboard companies B and D, also of the
First U. S. Artillery, and ' some horses and stores, and
early the next morning we were under way for Hilton
Head, Port Royal, S. C, which place we reached about
3 p. M. of the 20th. There we changed steamers and
were ordered aboard of the " Ben Deford," and after
remaining in the harbor until the next afternoon, we
steamed up to the beautiful little city of Beaufort, S. C,
where we were ordered ashore and went into camp. It
seems this movement had been made on account of the
expedition for the capture of Charleston, S. C, by the
w'ay of James Island, but before the arrival of the troops
from Key West, Fort Jefferson, and other points south of
Hilton Head, the disastrous battle of James Island had
been fought, and the fresh troops were not needed.
56 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTKR V.
ARRIVAL AT BEAUFORT, S. C. PICKET DUTY AT BEAU-
FORT FERRY. DRILLING IN OLD COTTON FIELDS.
TERRIBLE RAVAGES OF TYPHOID FEVER. RESIGNA-
TIONS AND PROMOTIONS. UNDER FIRE AT THE
FERRY. PICKETS ATTACKED BY A DESERTED DUG-
OUT. A GENUINE "SHOUT.'' DEATH-RATE FROM
DISEASE VERY LARGE. REGIMENT REPORTED UNFIT
FOR DUTY AND ORDERED TO ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
At Beaufort the Seventh was not brigaded with any other
troops, but performed their full share of guard and picket
dutv, and we think more than their share of the drilling.
I cannot believe any of the men will ever forget the battal-
ion drills over those old cotton fields, in heavy marching
order, uniformed in those thick dress coats and " keg hats,"
with the heat — well, it is safe to say, no degrees in the
shade — and it seemed at the time as though it must have
been at least 140 degrees ; the sun seemed to burn down
so terribly hot, that it is not to be wondered at that during
each drill many of the men gave out and were stricken
down by sunstroke, etc. Really, very few cast-iron men
could have stood it. It was no uncommon thing to find the
thick dress-coats of the men completely wet through at the
end of an hour's drill of that kind, and the stiftening fairly
got out of those old " keg hats " until they lopped " every-
which-way."
Our camp was situated in a grove of live-oaks, near a
large square at the further end of which was the court
house, which was used at this time by our quartermaster
New Hampshire Volunteers. 57
as an office, and also as quarters for the employees in his
department. Upon another side ol the square was situated
a row of fine residences, including that of the Barnwells,
Rhetts, John F. Porteous, and other prominent aristocratic
families of the Palmetto State. Upon the other side of the
square was a beautiful grove of large and stately live-
oaks, with the gra}" moss drooping from the branches un-
til it swept the ground beneath. These residences around
the square were mostly occupied by the colonel and staff
and some of the line officers, while in the grove upon the
other side was a detachment of three companies of the
Fourth N. H. Volunteers, under command of Major Drew.
While at Beaufort^ all dress parades and guard mount-
ings were held on the public square, and here we also
held the picket guard mountings under the supervision of
Lieut. I. V. Germain, of General Brannan's staff. ,
A battalion of the First Mass. Cavalry had their camp
just across a road which bordered one side of our camp-
ground ; and we shall never forget the "Billy Goat"
which was always to be seen around their camp, until
one day they tired of his annoyance and resolved to put
a stop to it, so a large squad of them mounted their
horses and started to run him down. For a while they
ran him around the bushes and old cotton fields, and then
he pulled for our camp with the horsemen close to his
heels. The rush came so sudden, and was so earnest, that
our sentries were taken wholly by surprise, and thinking
the Confederacy had -broken loose, they stampeded from
their beats, and the men who were in and around the com-
pany streets had to do some pretty good engineering to
get out of the way of the horses. After a hot chase they
succeeded in runnino- the goat down and he was shot.
The first evening after our arrival here, companies A
and K were ordered to Camp Stevens, nine miles out, to a
place called the " Ferry," across which, on the other side,
58 History of the Seventh Regiment
a small rebel picket and a small battery were stationed to
guard the approach to Charleston from this direction.
Afterwards the right and left wings of the regiment, con-
sisting of five companies each, were ordered out on picket
duty at the " Ferry," in turn. The boys had some fine
opportunities while out there to feast on green corn and
watermelons, and from everything that could be learned,
the men made a first-class improvement of those oppor-
tunities, as they generall}' remained out on this picket
duty about two weeks at a time.
No kind of green stuff', vegetables, or fruit was allowed
to be sold in or about Beaufort, except at the market
house, and the " gemmen ob color," who were cultivating
their masters' old plantations or small portions thereof had
to pass the road by our camp in reaching town from the
large section of the country or island about us ; and many
were the fine melons which got confiscated or lost ere
Sambo or his mule and cart got safely past our camp.
One time in particular, some of the men were waiting for
a cart to make its appearance, and as soon as one came
up one of the men would engage the driver in conversa-
tion while another w^ould watch his opportunity and seize
and make oft' with the finest melon he could select. The
driver w^ould at once give chase, when two or three more
men would come up and each would select the nicest and
best melon he could find, and they w'ould get nicely out of
the way before the ebony driver could get back to his
team. Then a complaint would generally be entered to
the provost marshal, who would enter a sort of a search,
and sometimes in going through the tents he would stand
or walk upon a board in the floor under which would be
stored some of the largest and nicest melons ever grown.
At one time the soldier who was to take the first melon
and run with it was a tall fellow belonging in Company
H, and the driver of the team happened to be a dwarf, or
New Hampshire Volunteers. 59
at least, of very short stature. The soldier in his eager-
ness picked so large a melon that it was impossible to get
away with the little dwarf so close upon his heels, so turn-
ing suddenly around he raised the melon as high as he
could reach and brought it down with a whack upon the
bare head of the driver, completely enveloping- him with
the dead ripe fruit, the seeds sticking to his white curly
hair like cockle-burrs.
On July 4, the rebs up at the " Ferry " seemed disposed
to have some fun, and brought down a piece of light artil-
lery to the river and gave our men on picket a few shot
and shells by way of a change, but their gun was soon
silenced by Lieutenant Tully, of the First U. S. Artillery,
who was stationed out there with a section of his battery.
No harm was done however, except the burning of the
old Ferry house, where we had a picket post stationed,
and knocking the top of a chimney down on the old plan-
tation house, where Company H were making their coffee,
the kettle hanging in the fireplace being filled with rub-
bish and brick-bats, which tumbled down the chimney,
and which gave the boys a chance to drink cold water
with their hard-tack for dinner on that day.
It was here that Henry Ball, of Company H, was acci-
dentally killed while in the act of taking his musket from
the stack, being shot through the head, and dying in-
stantly. The comrades of his company found some
boards, made a box for the body, and for a shroud used
the long gray moss with which the live-oak trees around
the camp were festooned. Captain Ames conducted the
funeral ceremonies, and they sadly buried their comrade
under one of those grand old oaks which looked every
inch a monarch of the forest.
Soon after our arrival at Beaufort the scurv}' broke out
among our men, caused, the surgeons said, b}' eating too
much salted meat ; and besides, flees were so thick they
6o History of the Seventh Regiment
were a terrible plague. Then a malignant form of ty-
phus lever broke out in the regiment, which took oft' the
men at a fearful rate. It was no uncommon thing to see a
single funeral escort doing duty for three bodies at a time,
the ambulance detailed for the purpose containing three
coffins. The escort for a private consisted of eight pri-
vates, one fifer, and two drummers, under command of a
corporal, and the music was invariably the " Portugese
Hymn," the drums being muffled. About as surely as a
man w^as taken sick and sent to the hospital, just so surely
we would generally be notified in a day or two of his
death.
Soon after the regiment arrived at Beaufort, Maj. Daniel
Smith went home to New Hampshire on sick-leave, and
First Lieut. Samuel Williams, of Compan}^ C, and First
Lieut. Alvah K. Potter, of Company H, left us, having
resigned their commissions. In order to fill these vacan-
cies Second Lieut. Virgil H. Gate, of Company A, was
promoted to first lieutenant of Company C ; Sergt. Calvin
Shedd, of Company C, was promoted to second lieutenant
of Company A; Second Lieut. John H. Worcester, of
Company H, was promoted to be first lieutenant of same
company: and First Sergt. Charles H. Farley, of Com-
panv H, to be second lieutenant of same compau}'.
The comrades will distincth' remember the many excit-
ing scenes that occurred at intervals during their service,
especially those who were in for three years or during the
war. They will vividly remember, also, how opportunely,
sometimes, a little fun came in and raised the dickens
along the whole line. Generally, an enlisted man was
not supposed to know very much, but we sometimes
smiled to see how much some of our superiors in rank did
not know at various times.
While the right wing was out at Beaufort Ferry, on one
of its regular tours of picket duty, the routine was getting
New Hampshire Volunteers. 6i
monotonous, even irksome, and every old veteran will
know just what that feeling was, w^hen some of the men,
including Sergt. Thomas Langlan, of Company D, who
had charge of some of the picket posts, and who never
knew anything about what was going on, and, in fact,
was a very innocent minded person, concluded to have a
little sport. Our picket posts were stationed along the
south bank of a small stream, and the rebs were holding
the other bank and w-ere fortified, havincr a redoubt in
which they had stationed a few light field-pieces. Some
of the men had discovered a short distance up the river
and on our side of the stream, an old canoe or ducrout,
which lay snugly beached in a cove, and which had long
since been condemned as unseaworthy, but which could
be made to answer our purpose. It was arranged that
Charles Swain, of Company D, one of our best men,
should go up the river at dusk and launch and push hard
out into the stream the old dugout, so that it might float
leisurely down near all our posts and cause a general
alarm.
The first picket post it would pass was out on a sort of
promontory, or point of land, which was always covered
with water between the point and the main land at flood-
tide. The picket post on this point was then visited by
the sergeant, and informed that it would be necessary to
keep a sharp lookout after dark as there was a rumor that
an attack by boats by the enemy might occur at any mo-
ment during the night. All other posts along the bank of
the stream were then instructed in a similar manner, by
the sergeant in charge. Everything being in readiness,
Swain just at dusk reached the old dugout, launched it,
and succeeded in pushing it far out from the bank, so that
with the outgoing tide when it passed the first picket post
it could be dimly seen. Our reserve picket camp was a
few hundred yards in the rear, with a small contingent of
62 History of the Seventh Regiment
cavalry and a section of artillery for support, with a larger
reserve in camp a half-inile farther back, all of whom had
settled quietly down for the night. We anxiously awaited
the commencement of hostilities, and we had not long to
wait, for we soon heard the picket on the point boldly
challenge, it then being quite dark, and receiving no
answer, we heard the men on the post fire, and in another
moment we heard the next post challenge, and receiving
no response, they sent their bullets crashing through the
gunwales of the old canoe ; and so it was repeated along
the bank from post to post, as the dugout drifted slowly
past with the tide. Of course, such heavy firing started
out the oificer in command of the reserve pickets, who
blew a whistle which was understood to mean cavalry and
artillery to the front, and for two mounted orderlies to
start for the reserve which came tearing down the whole
half-mile from their camp like a stampede of wild butfa-
loes. There was the wildest confusion imaginable when
word was passed that we were about to receive a boat
attack. Sergeant Langlan and Private Swain were among
the most surprised of any along the line, and did their
level best to plug as man}- Minie balls into that old dug-
out as possible ere it drifted out of range. As it was,
all but two or three who were in the secret got terribly
scared, and it \\as some time before things got quieted
down : some of the bovs found the old craft water-logged
in a cove below our farthest post next morning, riddled
through and through. Had the enemy actually put in
an appearance he would surely have received a warm
reception.
Captain Chase, who was in command and had his re-
serves so promptly on hand, has passed over the river;
Private Swain was mustered out long years ago, and
his grave is marked by one of the many head-boards at
Andersonville ; but the survivors of that memorable battle
New Hampshire Volunteers. 63
of " Beaufort Ferry," where the opposing force was an
old, deserted dugout, will tulh' recognize this description
of that terrible enhancement.
July 26, Henry W. Battles, of Company A, a detailed
clerk in the quartermaster's department, died of typhoid
fever; he was sick but a few da^'s, leaving a heart-broken
mother away in New Hampshire, who will vainly await
the return of her only son until she journevs "over the
river." Private Battles had been a former classmate of
the writer of this history, in the public schools of Man-
chester, N. H., and we had spent inanv happv davs
together, for he was one of the noblest young men ever
mustered into the service.
August 23, at our dress parade, quite a little excitement
was created by a mistake made on the part of our musi-
cians. Usually the officers were dismissed upon their
arrival from the " front and centre" at the customary dis-
tance in front of the colonel, after saluting, but this
particular evening the commander of the regiment desired
to give some orders to the commanders of companies, and
held them there for that purpose. The musicians, expect-
ing them to be dismissed prompth', as was the usual cus-
tom, at once struck up and commenced playing, and the
first sergeants took command of their companies and
marched them off the parade, and the result was that
immediately after the two principal musicians and the first
sergeants were placed under arrest b\' order of the colo-
nel, but were released the next morning.
At one time while the left wing of the regiment was ab-
sent from camp on a two weeks' tour of picket duty at the
Ferry, a detail from theright wing was sent over on an ad-
joining island called " Seabrook," where some of the men
had an opportunity to witness a genuine "shout," as the
plantation negroes termed some of their religious cere-
monies, which were held on Sabbath afternoons. A most
64 History of the Seventh Regiment
e
comical sight about the alTair was to see the grotesqu
dress of some of the wenches. Nearly all of them had
some little article of dress which had evidently been pur-
loined from the mansion when " ole Missus" went away,
some appearing with a silk sack, under which would be
worn an old woolsey gown, and thick plantation brogans ;
another having an elegant silk dress, or a part of one,
and another a nice pair of French gaiters, much too small,
which had to be " busted " out at the seams in order to
fit the foot.
It was at Beaufort that we first became acquainted with
figs, and many were the ways the bo\'s invented for cook-
ing the fruit, but all to no purpose. They were found to
be most palatable when ripe and fresh from the trees, or
after being packed and cured in sugar.
On the 30th of August, a large fatigue detail was made
and some of the tents and a part of the regimental bag-
gage was loaded on the steamer " General Burnside," and
at 9 o'clock p. M. the baggage and regimental property
was all on board, and on the 31st, companies C and K
embarked on the " General Burnside'' and started for St.
Augustine, Fla., at 10 o'clock p. m. On September i,
another fatigue detail was made, and the remainder of the
tents and baggage belonging to the regiment was loaded
on the steamer " Ben Deford," and the remaining seven
companies of the regiment embarked on this steamer at 3
o'clock p. M. of the same day.
Owing to the climate and a malignant form of typhoid
fever, chronic diarrhoea, malarial poisoning, and scurvy,
the health of the regiment had become very much im-
paired, and the death-rate increased so rapidly that the
regiment was reported at department headquarters as unfit
for duty, and was ordered to proceed to the old City of St.
Augusdne, Fla., which was said to be the healthiest place
on the Atlandc coast, as well as the oldest city in the
SERCJT. WILLIAM J. HARDING,
Co. A.
CORP. PLINY F. GAMMELL,
Co. A.
CAPT. ORLANDO LAWREXCE,
Co. 15.
CAPT. GRAN\'ILLE P. MASON,
Co. B.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 65
United States, settled b\' Europeans, and where we were
to relieve seven companies of the Fourth N. H. Volun-
teers, who were ordered to join the three companies of that
regiment, B, H, and K, under command of Major Drew,
whom we had left at Beaufort, S. C. Up to September i,
1862, the Seventh had lost by death and discharge two
hundred of its members since leaving Manchester.
66 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER VI.
ARRIVAL OF THE REGIMENT AT ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
THE DEATH OF MAJOR SMITH. A QUAINT OLD CITY.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS.
OLD FORT MARION. THE HEALTH OF THE REGI-
MENT IMPROVING. — MILITARY DUTIES PLEASANT.
BUCKET FIRE COMPANIES. FALSE ALARMS. CAP-
TAIN DICKINSON AND HIS BUSHWHACKERS. RESERVE
PICKET AT THE MCCARTHY HOUSE. ARRIVAL OF RE-
CRUITS FOR THE REGIMENT. FORAGING FOR BEEF.
The steamer " Ben Deford," at once got under way
for Hilton Head, S. C, shortly after 3 o'clock p. m.,
September i, and the pretty little City of Beautbrt was
soon lost from view ; our stop was very short at Hilton
Head, as we left there at 6 o'clock p. m., and found the
sea outside somewhat rough. At daylight, September 2,
we were in sight of land, and arrived at the wharf at Fer-
nandina, Fla., at 10 o'clock a. m., which place we left at
3.30 o'clock p. M., and anchored off St. Augustine, Fla.,
at 8 o'clock on the morning of the 3d of September. At
noon the steamer " Burnside " came out over the bar, took
us aboard, and carried us up to the City of St. Augustine ;
upon disembarking. Company F, of the Fourth N. H.
Volunteers, were in line to receive and escort Company F,
of the Seventh, to the market house — a building common
to all southern cities — where a bountiful collation had
been prepared, which was hugely enjoyed by our Com-
pany F men of the Seventh, the principal feature of the
occasion being that the men of Company F in each regi-
New Hampshire \"olun'teers. 67
m
ent, were largely from Dover and vicinity, and conse-
quently well acquainted with each other.
Companies C and K had arrived the day before the
" Ben Deford,"' on the " General Burnside," which was
the only one of the two steamers that could at that time
get over the bar, therefore the "Ben Deford" had to be
unloaded outside the bar.
Upon our arrival at this place, a portion of the regiment
w'as ordered at and near old Fort Marion, at the northern
extremity of the city, and the remaining companies were
ordered into the spacious barracks near the southern
limits, belonging to the government, but which had been
years before an old Franciscan convent.
Here we found good quarters, good food, and the duties
not severe, and we had not been here lono- before a grreat
chan<Te in the health of the reo-iment was noticed. Colonel
Putnam assumed command of the post, and at once ap-
pointed Captain Durgin, of Company E, as provost marshal,
and his company was detailed for a short time for provost
duty. We had besides the usual camp guards, a line of
pickets completely around the city, and each day a com-
pany was detailed for duty at the old McCarthy house,
a half-mile north of Fort Marion, as a reserve for the
pickets, the more effectually to guard the road leading
toward Jacksonville, which was, in fact, the most available
approach from the inland. At this post we found the ex-
cessive summer heat which we had experienced at Beau-
fort, S. C, tempered b}' a splendid sea breeze during the
day, while at night we had what is called a land breeze,
making sleep a possible luxury.
Very soon after our arrival at this place we learned with
regret of the death of Maj. Daniel Smith, of our regiment,
who had been sent North sick, while we were at Beaufort,
S. C. He was at that time sutfering severely Irom the effects
of the climate which rendered him unfit for active service.
68 History of the Seventh Regiment
His death occurred at his home in Dover, N. H., August
26, 1862, and we can but notice the contrast in the circum-
stances surrounding many of the death records which we
made in after months. Major Smith was very fortunate
in being at home during his hist illness, where it was pos-
sible to tenderly care for him.
As soon as we had become fairly settled down in our
new quarters, we began to inspect the town, and note the
inhabitants, many of whom were originalh- Minorcans,
from the island of Minorca, Italy, and others seemed to be
mixed largely with Spanish or French blood. The streets
we found to be very narrow, and the buildings were con-
structed very much like a prison on the lower floor, while
the second floor would invariably have a balcony project-
ing out over the street. Even the little gardens which
surrounded the houses, in many instances, were protected
by a wall six or seven feet high, and the top of the wall
was often capped with a thick layer of broken glass bottles,
in order to prevent anyone from climbing over. It was said
that in the early days of the city, at which time many of
the most substantial buildings were constructed, Indians
would occasionally raid the place, and consequently, when
building, the inhabitants fortified accordingly.
In the centre of the city we found a prett}' square, with
the remains of a neat fence 3-et partially around it, and our
comrades will recall to mind the rows of men they have
seen sitting on that fence while waiting for orders to form
on dress parade, for our regiment alway held dress parade
and guard mounting on the " Piazza de Constitucion,"
and the fence would become loaded with just one man too
many, when down would go a length or two of it, tumbling
the men into a promiscuous heap. In the centre of this
square was a monument with the inscription "'Piazza de
Constitucion," and surrounding it on the north side was
the old stone cathedral with its quaint old chime of bells,
Copyright, 1874, by The Century Co.
THE CATHEDRAL, ST. AUGUSTINE, FI.A.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 69
which were wont to toll the curfew as evening shades ap-
peared. On the west stood the old-time court house,
while on the south side was a pretty church of the Uni-
versalist denomination, a private dwelling or two, and a
building used as a store ; on the east side stood the
market, a peculiarly Southern institution. All along the
sea front of the town was a good substantial wall, the top
of which was topped with large granite slabs, which had
been brought all the way from Qiiincy, Mass., by the
U. S. Government, in completing the construction of this
sea-wall, which made a splendid promenade, being about as
wide as an average sidew^alk, and tor a mile or more of its
course ran nearl}' straight, with the exception of a couple
of detours around basins made to accommodate small
boats. The description of this wall ma}' possibh' bring to
the minds of many of the comrades some of the flirtations
indulged in along this beautiful promenade.
Nearl}' all the white male population had left "berry
sudden " early in the war, and only a few old men and the
colored people were left, or remained to see that the
women and children were in a measure cared for. Reli-
gious services were held at the cathedral everv Sabbath,
and there was also a convent of the Sisters of jNIercy, and
a cloister of Christian Brothers, of the Franciscan order, all
of which were under the immediate supervision of Rev.
Father O'Briel, whom the men of the regiment will well re-
member. Many of the families who had long resided here
had fled when they found the place was to be occupied by
Union troops, leaving their houses vacated, which were
soon taken possession of by some of our officers. Nearly
all of the inhabitants who remained were dependent at once
upon the Federal commissary for rations, and they U'ere
not backward in making applications for relief to a gov-
ernment they pretended to despise : but ihey were obliged
to take the oath of allegiance to the United States before
their wants were supplied.
70 History of the Seventh Regiment
On the 9th, the seven companies of the Fourth N. H.
Volunteers embarked for Beaufort, S. C. We had good
mail facilities, a steamer leaving^ everv week for Hilton
Head, S.C., and some of the time oftener, giving us an
opportunity to send letters home quite often.
As soon as practicable a series of squad, compan}^ and
battalion drills were inaugurated, which, with our camp
guard and picket duty, kept us quite busily employed ;
besides, we made man}^ improvements about the place.
For one thing, a detail was made and kept at work until a
new wharf was completed, the timber for which was cut
northwest of the city and was floated down a creek on the
west side of the city, to the bay and around to the wharf.
During the time the timber was being cut a company was
stationed out in the torest with the lumbermen, to protect
them from attacks from guerrillas or bands of Confeder-
ates that might be prowling about, each company in turn
remaining out twenty-four hours, until the job was com-
pleted. The logs were cut from the southern pitch-pine,
which was the only available timber for this purpose.
At the south end of the city, down below the barracks,
was a nice large plateau which we used as a drill ground,
and a splendid place it made, as it was almost level and
well grassed over. Near the centre of this large tield was an
old arsenal building which the rebs had gutted when the
war commenced, and which belonged to the United States
Government. It stood in a very dilapidated condition when
we arrived ; but someone — and it won't do to call names
— set tire to it one very dark night, and what had been
left by the rebels was completely destroyed. We always
thought the men who stood picket on the post nearest it
knew more about its destruction than they were willing to
make known. Near the north end of this beautiful
plateau was buried Major Dade and his comrades of the
Regular Army, who were massacred during the Seminole
War.
■i!Ml*
ill!;.!:
ff
New Hampshire Volunteers. 71
On the creek along the west side of the city, where once
had been a bridge, was one ofotir picket posts — for we had
a chain of them around the town, on the land side — and
when the tide was in, and unusually high, the road leading
from the town to this bridge, which was some twenty rods
across the marsh, was always overflowed, so that the water
would be sometimes two or three feet deep along the road.
Whenever it was flood-tide at the time of the " rounds "' by
the officer of the day, the men delighted in halting him at
the farthest edge of the marsh, making him dismount, and
leading his horse, wade through the water to the post to
give the countersign, especially if it was an officer with
whom they desired to balance accounts ; and many of these
officers made the "rounds" without an escort or orderly
at that time. The same conditions also applied to the
next post south.
But the most agreeable picket duty we had was the fre-
quent tours on the reserve, out at the old McCarthy house,
on the Jacksonville road, about a half-mile north of Fort
Marion, which consisted of one company; they gener-
ally remained at this house all night, and during the day
were stationed at the Fairbanks place, a mile further out,
and sometimes sent out scouting parties for a few miles
outside the pickets. It was while out on these expeditions
that Company H and Company D drew their fresh beef
without a requisition, the writer of this often helping to pole
in two quarters of beef at a time. Others in the regiment
wondered where these two companies got so much fresh
beef, and we wondered why they were not equal to the
occasion as well as these two companies, and never at any
time supposed it was honesty that kept them in the back-
ground, but it might have been. Sometimes a detachment
from the company whose turn it was for a tour on reserve
picket, would get out ten or twelve miles, making sure,
however, to return before dark. Occasionally a band of
72 History of the Seventh Regiment
Finnegan's bushwhackers would hang around, but they
kept at a respectful distance. Captain Dickinson had a
Confederate company patrolling the country between St.
Augustine and Palatka, and if a small detail got very far
from camp or reserve, there was a liability of their being
captured.
It was at this post that we came in contact w^ith plenty of
sweet oranges, limes, and pomegranates, and we had
sweet potatoes in plenty, and the best of fresh fish, oysters,
and quahaug clams in abundance. Some of the compa-
nies detailed a man to fish, and also procured and kept a
team for the purpose of getting wood for the cook-house.
This team consisted invariably of a horse or mule and a
two-wheeled cart, and the wood was procured outside the
pickets, on the Jacksonville road. The company had a
man detailed to drive and care for the team, and a pass
from headquarters allowed him to go out for wood and
return as often as he wished, during daylight. Two trips
each day was all that could be accomplished, and this
only during fair weather. Company D in some way came
in possession of one of these teams, and as the}' were
quartered at the barracks at the southern extremity of the
town the team was generally fed at noon in front of the
cook-house, while the teamster went inside for his dinner.
One day the team was driven up to the door just as the
company had been marched up for dinner. It so hap-
pened that boiled or stewed rice was to be served that day,
and it had been burned just enough in cooking to spoil the
taste of it for us ; besides, we had been served that way
several times before, and consequently the men felt a little
sour over it. So every man took his ration of rice and
had his gill of West India molasses poured over it upon
his tin plate by the cook who attended to the delivery of
the ration, until the last man had been provided for, when
in filing around the team to return to quarters, someone at
New Hampshire Volunteers. 73
the head of the company remarked that he thought the
old horse needed the rice more than the men, accompany-
incf his remarks bv throwing his ration of rice and molasses
at the head of the faithful horse, which example was fol-
lowed bv each man in turn as the company hied past, com-
pletely besmearing him with the rations. It was a long
time before the cooks of that company ventured to cook
rice again.
The men will all remember old Carr, w^e can never for-
get him, who kept the hardware store and a little of every-
thing else. In fact, it was hard to name any article which
he would acknowledge he did not have in stock. He was
very deaf, and, consequently, ver}- funny mistakes would
occasionally occur. If you wished to purchase an article
you would have to scream in his ear, " How much for
this, Mr. Carr?" His answer invariably being, "Two
bits, take it or leave it." Some of the men were in there
one day and thought they would name something he did
not have in stock, so they asked if he had an}- second-
hand pulpits. Carr was equal to the occasion, his reply
being, " Yes, ves, got one up stairs, had it this ten years."
One morning Lieutenant Fogg and two or three other of-
ficers chanced to be in his store, when, leeling a little more
liberal than usual, he invited them into the back part of
the store to "take suthin'." After filling their glasses,
Lieutenant Fogg, who was quite a wag, raised his glass
and said in a moderate tone, looking at and directing his
conversation to Mr. Carr, " Here's wishing you were in
hell." Carr catching the word "hell," supposed he had
said, " Here's to your health," and quickly and heartily
responded, " Same to yourself and all your family, sir";
and Lieutenant Fogg never heard the last of that for
many months. Had Mr. Carr heard plainly every word
he could scarcely have made a more fitting response.
74 History of the Seventh Regiment
" Sugar cane and mullet" was what the men always de-
clared the natives lived on almost exclusivelv. Many of
us will never forget our old friend, Jo. Manusa, an old
settler, who had passed most of his life in this quaint old
city, who had Spanish blood in his veins. He was
invariably found at the barracks evenings, with a large
basket of "■ roe mullet" and "sweet lemonade," that is,
fried fish, and the mullet is one of the sweetest little fishes
known, and a sort of lemonade made from limes. Some-
times for a change he had sweet potato pone and cigars.
Among other things sold us by the inhabitants we shall
never forget the bottled sweet cider we used to get at the
little store of Antonio Bravo, who was always getting the
confidence of many of the men because he had been an
" old line Whig." But the sweet cider ! perfect essence of
weakness I Made of dried apples, bought at our commis-
sary's, which being soaked in water awhile, the juice then
pressed out, sweetened, and bottled, and named " sweet
cider." Shades of New England ! But we drank it for
the name only.
The cigars sold us by the natives were excellent, for
every citizen of Spanish origin residmg in the extreme
South understands to a degree of perfection the art of
manufacturing good cigars, and the selection and produc-
tion of the finest flavored tobacco. One evening we
missed our old friend Manusa from his usual trips to the
barracks with his basket of merchandise, for he had almost
become a fixture, and some of the men went to his home,
which was not far from the barracks, where they learned
with sadness that his wife had departed this life and left
the old man to pull through his few remaining 3'ears with
a helpless son for whom he tenderly cared, and we aided
the family all in our power in their hour of bereavement.
Many families got onto the business of making corn
pone and sweet potato pone, and it always found a ready
Copyright, 1S74, by The Century Cii
AN ANCIENT GATEWAY, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 75
sale, as our sutler's checks passed the same as silver and
gold among the inhabitants ; but after a time some of the
venders began to grind up the hard-tack which they drew
as rations from our commissary department, as we sup-
posed to keep them from starving, and mixing it with the
potato, sold us a very inferior article, and from that time
the pone business was almost entirely killed.
At the northern extremity of the town were quartered
four companies, three of whom, A, C, and I, were sta-
tioned inside of Fort Marion; one, Company H, was
quartered just outside the fort but inside the water batteries,
and having procured some old lumber, this company
erected for themselves some very comfortable quarters.
Upon their arrival at the fort, the men from curiosity at
once commenced a series of explorations in and around
this quaint old fort. Some of the men in Company H
found a huge old chest in one of the many curious " holes,"
which abounded in Fort Marion. The chest was about
eight feet in length by four feet in height, and of a propor-
tionate width, made of mahogany plank three inches
thick, and having three heavy brass locks to secure it, be-
sides being heavily strapped. The onl}' explanation
regarding it that we ever heard was the information
obtained from an old citizen of the city, who said that in
times of war, in 3^ears agone, it had been the custom of
the Spanish and French inhabitants to bring their valua-
bles, plate, jewelry, etc., and secure them in this chest
inside the " Castle of San Marco," as the fort was at that
time called.
Old Fort Marion, at the northern extremity of the city, is
worthy of more than passing mention. Built of the beau-
tiful " coquina,'' a sort of stone composed of shells and shell
fragments, and which was principally quarried on Anas-
tatia Island, where, as history informs us, for more than a
century, hundreds of men toiled in the quarries, wresting
76 History of the Seventh Regiment
out the material now contained in its massive walls, which
have withstood both the attacks of time and armies, it
stands a grand old monument of past ages. It was a noble
fortification, requiring one hundred cannon and one thou-
sand men as its complement and garrison. It was built in
the form of a trapezium, with walls twent3--one feet high,
and enormously thick, with bastions at each corner. On
this structure the Appalachian Indians labored for sixty
3''ears, the garrison also being required to contribute to the
work, and convicts were brought from far-otf' Mexico to
aid in its completion. Over the main entrance is plainly
seen the arms of Spain, and an inscription showing that in
the year 1756, Field Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando
Herrara, then governor and captain of the City of San
Augustine de la Florida, completed the " Castle of San
Marco," as it was then called, Don Fernando Sixth being
then king of Spain. Thousands of hands must have been
employed for more than half a century in transporting
those huge blocks of coquina across the bay, and raising
them to position in its massive walls. It has never been
taken by a besieging enemy.
At either corner were quaint little Moorish sentrv turrets
or towers, and across the draw-bridge, just outside the
main entrance, was a formidable little fortification for the
protection of the bridge and gateway. Since the United
States Government has come into possession it has turther
strengthened the place by constructing a water-batterv.
On the sides next the sea could still be seen the holes
where the cannon shot had entered and now lay embed-
ded ; the effects of some of the many severe bombardments
it had undergone. The old casemate in the fort is yet
shown where, during one of the Indian wars, " Billy Bow-
legs," a celebrated Seminole chief, escaped while confined
as a prisoner, by crawling through an aperture used for
ventilation, and through which it had been thought wholly
)i Pii
\ KIM
New Hampshire Volunteers. 77
impossible for anyone to escape. Since the occupation of
the phice by Union troops the fort had been put in proper
trim, and several heavy guns were in position, mounted en
barbette, a few howitzers, and a few light field-pieces
were also in position, ready for any emergency.
September 16, an alarm gun was heard at Fort Marion,
causing all of the companies at the barracks to double-quick
to the fort, but upon investigation it proved to be an acci-
dental discharge, and consequently a false alarm ; but the
orders were to gather by companies at the fort at the sound
of the first gun. On the 22d, there was another alarm,
which proved to be a gun fired for the purpose of ascer-
taining how quickly the companies at the barracks could
reach the fort.
About a half-mile or more north of Fort Marion, out on
the Jacksonville road, an earthwork was constructed, with
a bastion, in which was mounted an old howitzer; a few
rounds of ammunition were kept there for immediate use,
and it also was to ser\'e as an alarm gun. As most of the
regiment had been pretty thoroughly drilled in artillery
practice at Fort Jeflferson, we could handle it pretty well
if occasion required. A picket detail at this post con-
sisted of a sergeant and three men, and the reserve was
immediately in their rear, making this road efiectually
guarded at night, the line extending right and left from
the road and bastion.
During our stop here quite a number of people sought
admittance to the city by the Jacksonville road, and also
from the Palatka road which ran directly west from the
city and crossed the creek by a bridge, the top planks of
which had been torn up before our regiment arrived.
Nearly all those who came in were refugees, and deserters
trom the Confederate army, of which there were many,
and finally so many \vere coming in to be fed by our gov-
ernment that an order was issued to all, including the
78 History of the Seventh Regiment
families and friends of those who were in the rebel armies,
that they must take the oath of allegiance to the United
States or leave the city for the rebel lines, and the oath
wds administered b}- a staff' officer iVom Hilton Head in
the Baptist church to those who chose to take it. Those
who did not take the oath were taken to Hilton Head, and
afterwards sent under flag of truce within the rebel lines.
By this action quite a number of the wives and families of
rebel soldiers were sent away from the city.
At the barracks, which were large and spacious, were
stationed companies B, D, F, K, and E, and Company G
occupied for their quarters a building south of the bar-
racks, nearer the large open field used for the drill-ground.
At the barracks there were splendid con\"eniences, good
roomy kitchens, large dining-rooms, and open fireplaces
in each room, making the quarters look cheerful and
homelike in the evenings, and when the weather was cool
w^e always had a rousing fire, which made much more
comfortable the hours we passed in the different rooms of
the barracks between our supper-call and tattoo.
Many of the companies bought or tbund boats, and
some of the squads in companies owned their little
" yachts," in which they enjoyed many pleasant hours
when oft' duty. Colonel Putnam had a splendid boat, and
a crew was detailed from the regiment, all under com-
mand of Corp. Henry S. Palmer, of Company F, and as
every approaching vessel or steamer had to be boarded b}'
the officer of the day out at the bar, some two miles from
town, chances for boat-rides were frequent. Some of the
men of Company H, under the leadership of First Sergt.
William ¥. Spalding, bought and owned a beautiful
little boat, schooner rigged, and named it the "Union,"
with which, when the wind was favorable, they sometimes
went out over the bar and up the coast, finding many
relics, and many large logs of mahoganv, some of them
New Hampshire Volunteers. 79
two feet in diameter, which were probabl}" washed there
from vessels wrecked near there years before ; at one time,
venturing too far up the coast they were tired upon by
guerrillas.
September 18, a squad of recruits arrived for our regi-
ment, and were assigned to Company E for rations and
quarters, this company being at that time on provost
guard; about October i, the recruits were finally as-
signed to the ditferent companies, E receiving sixteen,
H twelve, and D six of the thirt3--eight, and on October 3,
another lot of sixteen recruits were received for the regi-
ment, which were assigned to the companies who received
but few or none from the squad that had previousl}' ar-
rived, Company D receiving but one, and companies A,
B, C, F, G, I, and K receiving the balance.
October 5, near midnight, an alarm gun was fired from
Fort Marion, caused by an alarm on the picket post on the
Jacksonville road, and ail the companies responded to the
long roll which was immediatel}' sounded in all the com-
pany quarters, and the six companies at the south end of
the cit}' went on a double-quick to the fort. Upon investi-
gation it was found that the pickets had fired at what thev
supposed to be mounted men, but which proved to be some
loose horses which were approaching the post in single
file, and one horse was found dead and another so badly
wounded that he had to be killed. The companies were
soon marched back to quarters, and the excitement for
that time was over.
A few of the companies who had boats detailed a man
to fish tor them, and many were the splendid meals offish
chowder and fried fish they enjoyed, besides, it saved
them the money they had been in the habit of paying out
to the native fishermen. The waters around St. Augus-
tine abounded in the best of fish, such as bass and trout, a
species quite large in size, found in the salt water, and
8o History of the Seventh Regiment
which were easily caught. For a change we occasionally
had fresh venison, which we bought of the native hunters,
who procured passes and hunted tor deer outside our lines,
often making their hunting trips remunerative ; and some-
times, tor a further change, we enjoyed chicken stew, and
not always, if ever, were the chickens purchased from the
natives. Towards autumn, as the nights grew longer,
small lots of poultry found their way into the quarters of
the men ; the writer remembers he was awakened one
very dark night, about midway between two days, in one
of the rooms in the quarters of Company D, at the bar-
racks, and found that he was detailed by a chosen few of
the men to arise and help dress the poultry, with which
they had come in loaded. We worked lively, and at
daylight had everything well cared for. AVe mistrusted
that a visit bv the officer of the day or of the guard would
be one of the first things in the morning, for we surmised
that a complaint would be made at headquarters. In look-
ing over the premises to see what hiding place could be
found for our birds, we noticed a small patch of plaster
gone on the side of one of the walls, and removing a few
pieces of the laths we tied strings to our poultry and
dropped them down behind the partition, tying the ends of
the strings around some of the remaining laths. Then
hanging a gum blanket over the place, as tor the purpose
of keeping out the cold, we anxiously awaited the search
which was made as we had expected. But nothing was
found by the officers, and a few hours afterwards several
mess kettles borrowed from the cooks were tilled and
cooking, and the very officers who conducted the search
were the recipients of enough nice chicken stew for a
good square meal, and they atterwards acknowledged that
we had flanked them, but never knew just how.
The health of the regiment was improving, and they
lost no opportunity to provide tor their larder. Some of
CAPT. JEROME B. HOITSE,
Co. C.
CAPT. JOSEPH E. CLIFFORD,
Co. C.
rj^-
I.IEUT, SAMUKJ. W ll.I.lAMS,
Co.C.
I.IKl'T. WILLIAM F. SPALDIXCJ,
Co. C.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 8i
the companies kept a pig or two, and they thrived well
upon the refuse from the company kitchens ; but it was ,
getting so it was hard to keep a pig unless a sentry was
stationed over the stye, and Company F actually lost one
after it had been dressed and roasted in the large company
oven.
While at St. Augustine, Adjt. Thomas A. Henderson
was promoted major, a civilian, Henry G. Webber, was
appointed adjutant, Q^ M. Andrew^ H. Young was ap-
pointed captain and assistant quartermaster U. S. Vol-
unteers, and ordered away from the regiment, Q^ M.
Sergt. George S. Hanson was promoted regimental quar-
termaster, William H. Smart from New Hampshire was
commissioned assistant surgeon, and reported for duty
at this post. Among the company officers. First Lieut.
Granville P. Mason, of Company A, was promoted to
captain of Company B; Second Lieut. Charles Hooper,
of Company D, was promoted to first lieutenant of Com-
pany A; Capt. Orlando Lawa-ence, of Company B, re-
signed his commission October 27, 1862 ; First Sergt.
Alfred N. Bennett, of Company B, was promoted to sec-
ond lieutenant of Company D ; and First Sergt. John
Brown, of Company G, w^as commissioned captain in the
Sixteenth N. H. Volunteers, was ordered discharged, and
left the regiment.
During the autumn months a small lot of beef cattle were
shipped to the post from the North for the purpose of
furnishing the garrison wath occasional rations of fresh
beef, but the da\' after their arrival twelve of them died
very suddenly, and that at once prejudiced the men
. against government beef wdiile at this place, and the com-
panies preferred to forage for their beef in the country sur-
rounding the city. At the time, many w^ere of the opinion
that the government cattle had been purposely poisoned,
but no evidence to that effect was forthcoming, and no
arrests were made among the citizens on suspicion.
History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER VII.
FORMATION OF THE TENTH ARMY CORPS. — AUNT RHODA.
FIRE ALARMS. BUCKET FIRE COMPANIES. THE
FAIRBANKS PLACE. CAPTURE OF LIEUTENANT CATE.
ALARM ON THE PICKET LINE. LIEUT. COL. AB-
BOTT ORDERED OUT WITH FOUR COMPANIES. A SER-
GEANT AND FOUR MEN TAKEN PRISONERS. — THE
colonel's cavalry squad. COLONEL PUTNAM AND
FIVE COMPANIES ORDERED TO CHARLESTON HARBOR.
THE REGIMENT ORDERED TO FERNANDINA, FLA.
It was during our service at St. Augustine, that the
Tenth Army Corps was formed, and in General Orders,
No. 123, issued from the War Department, adjutant-gen-
eral's office, Washington, D. C, and dated September 3,
1862, the forces in the Department of the South, including
all troops in the states of Sovith Carolina, Georgia, and
the eastern part of Florida, were to constitute the Tenth
Army Corps, and Maj. Gen. Ormsby M. Mitchell, who
had been assigned to the command of the Department, in
place of Major-General Hunter, relieved, was announced
as commander of the corps, and assumed command on the
17th, with headquarters at Hilton Head, S. C. The first
return from the Department of the South after the formation
of the Tenth Corps published in the Official Records of
the War of the Rebellion, is that for October 31, 1862,
and gives the stations occupied by the difl^erent commands
as follows :
Hilton Head and Fort Seward, S. C. — Brig. Gen. A. H.
Terry — Third New Hampshire, Forty-seventh New York,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 83
Seventv-sixth and Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, Third
R. I. Artillery; Battery E, Third U. S. Artillery, and a
detachment of the First N. Y. Engineers. Graham's
Plantation, First Mass. Cavahy (detachment). Fort Pul-
aski, Ga., Forty-eighth New York, Battery G, Third R. I.
Artillery. Fort Clinch, Fla., Company C, First N. Y.
Engineers. Old Town, Fla., Compan_y E, First N. Y.
Engineers. Beaufort, S. C. — Col. T. H. Good — Sixth
and Seventh Connecticut, Eighth Maine, Fourth New
Hampshire, a battalion of the First Mass. Cavalry, First
Conn. Battery, and Company H, First N. Y. Engineers.
Key West, Fla., Ninetieth New York. Fernandina, Fla.,
Ninth Maine. St. Augustine, Fla. — Col. H. S. Putnam
— Seventh New Hampshire.
The division of Brig. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens, consisting
of the Twentv-eicrhth Massachusetts, Eighth Michigan,
Forty-sixth and Seventy-ninth New York, Forty-lifth,
Fiftieth, and One-hundredth Pennsylvania, had been pre-
viously transferred to Virginia, and were incorporated into
the Ninth Corps.
It was a part of our education under militar}- discipline
that whenever a commissioned officer entered a room
where the men were quartered, the ranking non-commis-
sioned officer present should at once call " attention," and
the men should arise, stand at " attention," and salute.
Sergt. William Jackson, of Company G, was one day
seated in his quarters with sorne of his men, when Capt.
H. B. Leavitt, of that compan}^ entered the room. Some
one called out " attention," but the sergeant was so busily
engaged cleaning a musket that he did not seem to under-
stand what was going on, and Captain Leavitt noticing
him called out at once, " Sergeant Jackson, where are
3'OU?" The sergeant at once replied, "Here, sir," but
remained sitting, whereupon the captain again called out,
" Sergeant Jackson, where are you? " " Here, sir," again
84 History of the Seventh Regiment
replied Jackson. "Well," said the captain, "I know
you are here, but where are you?" This being the third
call, the busy sergeant took the hint and arose with ihe
squad and saluted.
At one time when Compan}^ H was detailed for reserve
picket at the McCarthy house, on the Jacksonville road,
a patrol was sent out beyond the pickets as a further pro-
tection to the teams that were sent out for wood. About
four miles out the patrol sighted a small herd of cattle
quietly grazing in a field, and creeping up carefully near
them managed to shoot a fine steer, at once had it
dressed, and detailed two of their number to carry the two
best quarters to the company cook-house down at the fort.
One of the men detailed was Corp. N. L. Truel, and pro-
curing a suitable pole they strung the beef thereon and
started for the city, but before reaching the line of pickets
it became quite dark, and not caring to cause an alarm,
they determined to get through the lines between two
picket posts that were farther apart than the others.
There was just the least bit of a new moon that night, and
as they had almost got through the picket line, one of the
pickets on one of the posts nearest, either thought he saw
them or imagined he heard someone, and challenged.
Fortunately, at that moment a cloud drifted over the face
of the young moon and the men with their load of beef
unconsciously walked into an old dry well, men and beef
going down at once out of sight, and after remaining
in their hole a short time in order to quiet the pickets, and
finding themselves unhurt except a lameness and bruises
from the terrible wrenching received, they very carefully
and noiselessly pulled themselves and their beef from the
old well and cautiously limped to their cook-house, de-
posited their beef, and returned to the company at the
McCarthy house.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 85
At another time while out on patrol Company' H cap-
tured a steer in the same manner, and some citizens who
were out for wood that day found out in some way that
they were getting beef, and at once proceeded into the city
to make a complaint, and were told to watch the Jackson-
ville road between the city and the picket line in order to
detect the soldiers in the act of bringing in the beef. The
men of the compan}-, who were ever on the alert, sent one
of their number to the quarters with canteens for water,
and upon his arrival at the fort he notified some of the
company who had been left behind in the quarters, on the
sick-list, or on guard, and the}' at once got out their
schooner-rigged boat and proceeded up the bay for a sail,
and arriving at the appointed place took on their beet^,
brought it down by water to the cook-house, and started
for the McCarthy house to join the company for the night,
passing on their way man}- of the citizens who were ear-
nestly watching the road tor an}^ soldiers who might be
bringing in beef.
One morning while the first sergeant of Company I,
Charles C. McPherson, was calling out his guard detail in
the fort previous to attending guard mounting, one of the
men. Private Edwin Scanlan, familiarly known through-
out the regiment as " Goose,'' was seriousl}' wounded by
the accidental discharge of a musket in the hands of an-
other private, Onslow F. McPherson, who was known
among the men of the regiment as " Buttermilk." It was
occasioned by the most absurd carelessness in attempting
to clean his gun while it was loaded. It was a very nar-
row escape from death for Private Scanlan, rendering
him unfit for further militar}' duty, and about a 3'ear after-
wards he was discharged from the service on account of
this wound.
We should not be justified in passing without notice
one of the most ancient as well as venerable landmarks of
86 History of the Seventh Regiment
this old settlement, who was known to us under the cogno-
men of "Aunt Rhoda," and who boasted of having some
of the choicest Seminole blood in her veins, which, if
mingled with that of the negro and Spaniard, as was
probably the case, made up a curious mixture of human-
ity. She claimed to have been a belle at the time of the
Seminole War, and she may have been, but if so she
had faded mightily since, and it is questionable whether
" Old Billy Bowlegs," the celebrated Seminole chief,
would have in any wa}^ acknowledged her as a descend-
ant from his ancient tribe. Yet, she may have been so de-
scended. She lived in a dilapidated old shell of a house
down near the barracks, near the south end of the city,
and the men were always cutting up some shine to irritate
her, and to cause her to enter complaints to Colonel Put-
nam. Returning home at one time she found a cow fast-
ened upstairs in her house, and the stairs pulled down.
Again she found two pigs securely fastened in the flue of
her stone chimne}^ which, from the noise they made, could
probably neither get up nor down. It is an undoubted fact
that it gave the men who were engaged in this rascality,
much satisfaction to notice her complaints to the colonel.
For downright " cussedness " in inventing and developing
such schemes the average volunteer, as we found them,
may find competition, but I am fully satisfied they could
not be outdone.
The Fairbanks place, some two miles north of the city,
outside our picket lines, and where we often sent out
patrols to protect the people who came out each day to get
wood, must have been a beautiful place of residence for
its owner. The residence and outbuildings had been
burned before our arrival, but the grounds were very beau-
tifully laid out, and a creek which led into Anastasia Bay,
south of the city, bounded the western side of the beau-
tiful lawn, where was built a dainty little wharf for the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 87
accommodation of the pleasure boats of the family, and a
family burial ground was situated in a beautiful grotto.
The pathway leading to this secluded little plot of ground
was festooned with moss which hung from live-oak trees,
and scarcely a ray of sunshine could penetrate the foliage.
Before the war of 1861 came to mar their pleasure,
someone must have had a beautiful and happy home on
this ground.
While at St. Augustine, Captain Chase was granted
sick-leave, and Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott and First Lieut.
W. C. Knowlton were ordered home on recruiting serv-
ice. November 11, a company of the Ninth Maine, who
were stationed at Fernandina, Fla., came in on the steamer
"Neptune," for lumber; the 13th, an old house which
was unoccupied, was burned just south of the barracks,
and while it was burning a fire was started at the Baptist
church, which proved to us that an incendiary was at
work, and a few of the companies were organized as
bucket fire companies, and after this preparation we had
no more fire alarms for a time.
October 30, Maj. Gen. O. M. Mitchell died of yellow
fever, at Beaufort, S. C, and Maj. Gen. David Hunter
was placed in command of the Department of the South,
and of the Tenth Army Corps, with headquarters at Hil-
ton Head, S. C.
December i, orders were issued for the companies to
drill at target practice. The weather was at this time all
one could wish, and on the 3d, we noticed the thermon:ieter
stood at 87 1-2 degrees above, and few, if any of us had
ever before experienced such mild temperature during the
winter months, and such beautiful, sunn}' days during the
winter season. On the 6th, Brig. Gen. J. M. Brannan re-
viewed and inspected the regiment. On the 13th, two men,
Horace M. Prescott, of Company C, and Ephraim Pettin-
gill, of Company E, deserted from the guard-house at the
88 History of the Seventh Regiment
fort, and succeeded in escaping to the enemy. Prescott
had formerly been a sergeant of Company C, but for some
reason had been reduced to the ranks, and was at this
time confined in the guard-house for forgery. Many of
the officers confiscated some of the small ponies which
strayed around the city — having, apparently, no visible
owners — and procuring saddles they richly enjoyed many
of their leisure hours when ofi:' duty. Captain Leavitt, of
Company G, found a very pretty and stylish pon}^, and at
once took possession of the animal. Some of the men in
the regiment who owed the captain a grudge, at once
determined to square accounts w'ith him, and one morning
upon going out to look at his pony, he found that some
miscreants had closely shaved the mane and tail, but the
culprits were never found, and the captain at once dis-
carded his pretty pon}-.
During the winter months a singing school was organ-
ized, with Assistant Surgeon Boynton as instructor ;
quite an interest was shown, and the school was a success.
For a change on drill we had the bayonet exercise in the
forenoon instead of company drill, and afternoons a good,
lengthy battalion drill, by Colonel Putnam.
December 17, there was another fire alarm, which proved
to be at the barracks, and in the portion occupied by Com-
pany B, the roof having caught around the chimne}'.
The fire was quickly put out, however, and but little dam-
age was done. On the 24th, passes were granted to all
soldiers who wished to attend the midnight mass at the
cathedral, and many of us availed ourselves of the oppor-
tunit}^
Frequently a schooner came in from the North with
apples, potatoes, and sutlers' stores. Many of the men
were driving quite a traffic in apples, for which they
would pay from six to twelve dollars per barrel, and retail
them at five for twenty-five cents. Those companies hav-
New 'Hampshire Volunteers. 89
ing a company fund laid in a few bushels of Irish potatoes,
for we could buy only sweet potatoes of the citizens.
We cannot forget the detail made from the regiment,
armed, mounted, and drilled by Colonel Putnam as cav-
alry, the drill-ground being up near the fort. Those
twenty-five men whom the colonel drilled will certainly
never forget, and after he had them dispense with their
saddles and practice bareback riding on their horses for a
few da3's, they had the appearance to us of a set of old
cripples. Nevertheless, the colonel had a squad for
mounted service of which he might well feel proud.
January 10, 1863, First Lieut. Virgil H. Gate, of Com-
pany C, and Private Oscar F. French, of Company E,
together with Samuel Riddell, one of our regimental sut-
lers, and the sutler of the Ninth Me. Regiment, went
outside the picket lines on a hunting trip, and were picked
up by some of Dickinson's Confederate guerrillas, and it
was some time before they again got back to us.
The monoton}' of our regular tours of guard and picket
duty was sometimes broken by a little excitement on the
picket line. On the evening of Januarj- 11, Captain Rol-
lins, of Company F, thought he would take a trip in his
boat down the bay south of the city, for the purpose of
fishing or hunting. He had in some manner procured an
old blunderbuss, which was an antiquated species of fire-
arm, somewhere in the city, and loading it, put it in the
boat for any emergency that might arise ; taking a couple
of men to row the boat he proceeded down the bay, and
returning about 8 o'clock, he in some wa}^ lost his bear-
ings, it being very dark, and without being aware of it
approached close to the pickets on post No. i, who, hav-
ing heard the sound of the oars, at once challenged,
but not immediately receiving, as they thought, a proper
response, fired in the direction of the boat, which in the
darkness they could not plainly' discern, and the captain.
go History of the Seventh Regiment
not exactly comprehending the situation, fired his old
blunderbuss. The alarm was heard b}^ the sentinels at
the fort, and the signal gun was fired, the long roll was
sounded, and all the companies were at once under arms ;
those from the barracks were double-quicked to the fort,
and, pending the investigation of the cause of the alarm,
one wing of the regiment was kept under arms for about
an hour and a half, extra pickets were detailed, and the
line was doubled at the south end ; when the cause leaked
out, the companies were dismissed, and the extra pickets
were relieved at 3 o'clock the next morning by Captain
House, who was officer of the day.
It was customary for many of the officers to keep a
demijohn in their quarters, which they could occasionally
have filled at the commissary store-house, and the men
who were not entitled to such a privilege soon learned
where it was kept, and when it was procured; after
some preliminary arrangements a party of them, by a pre-
concerted plan, who belonged to the different companies
at the barracks, got excused one night from dress parade,
on some pretext, and, while the officers were with their
companies on parade, their quarters were entered and
searched, the demijohns were found, their contents at once
confiscated, and nearly two gallons of commissar}^ whiskey
was bottled and planted in the ground. Its whereabouts
was only known to the participants, who guarded their
secret well, and as there was no intoxication apparent at
this time there was no evidence to convict the culprits, and
it was said that some of it was in the ground when the
regiment left the place.
The orders were very strict that no enlisted men should
be out of their quarters after roll-call at tattoo, which was
at 9 o'clock in the evening, but as many of the men
could get out of their quarters without being seen by the
guards these orders were largely disobeyed. Many of the
Copyri_,ht, 1874, by The Century Co
A STREET IN ST. AUOIT.STINE, FI.A.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 91
men got into the habit of going about the city after supper
and returning just in time for roll-call, often being late,
and causing so much annoyance to the first sergeants and
the commanders of companies, that an order was issued
by the colonel to Capt. J. S. Durgin, the provost marshal,
to use his utmost exertion to break up this practice ; there-
fore the writer of this — who was at that time acting provost
sergeant, in place of Sergt. Wm. F. Thayer, of Company
F, who had been sent to Hilton Head with civilians who
were to be sent outside the lines — was ordered to place
two strong picket lines completely across the city, one line
north of the piazza in the direction of the fort, and one
line south of the piazza in the direction of the barracks,
which completely blocked all avenues to either the fort or
barracks. At the first sound of the drums at tattoo those
of us who were listening heard these pickets challenge,
and in a few moments squads of those arrested by the
provost pickets were brought into the provost guard-house
in the basement of the old court house, where they were
kept until morning, when they were sent to their compan-
ies, where they were punished by an extra tour of guard
or fatigue duty. Nearly one hundred were arrested at this
time, and the guard-house was full to overflowing ; but in
the course of a week the practice was broken up, so that
every man was sure to be present at roll-call.
February 2, the steamer " Boston" left with a portion of
the civilians who had been ordered outside the lines, and
Company K w'as detailed to go with them as guard ;
they were sent to Fernandina, Fla., where they were sent
beyond our lines under flag of truce. On the 6th, the
" Boston " returned wdth Company K, and on the 9th, the
same steamer took away another load of civilians to Hilton
Head, S. C. On the 13th, the inspector-general of the de-
partment arrived on the " Cosmopolitan," and the follow-
ing day the garrison was thoroughly inspected. In the
afternoon the inspecting otiicer lett for Key West, Fla.
92
I hs'|■r)l<^' oi- 'I'lii': Sicvicntii K /.(wmicnt
Liriit('ii;iiil-(.'()l()iicl Alilioll ictiniicd lo llic i-cj^iincnl on
llic saiiK.' st(;aiiu;r thai biouj^lit llii; iii,sj)cclin^ oliiccM'.
March <;, our advance pickets out ou the Jacksonville
load at the l''airl)aid'.s |)lace, l)eIoii)^iii)^ to Company C,
W(;i'e alla( ked by Dickinson's {guerrillas, and vveic drixcn
in to the main |)icket line, and lour companies were at once
.sent out to rij^hl mallerH ; one company beinj^' sent lo tin:
Faii"l>aid-.s place, and three companies, 1), 1), and l'\ were
Hcnl oul on the I'alatka I'oad west ol the city, under com-
mand ol Li(iitc;nanl-Colonel Abbott, loi- the purpose; of
llanl, in;; diem. Alter proceiulinj^ about live miles ihi-y
loiiiid no enemv, as, bein;^ moiinlcd ;iii(l dioron.'.;lil \' ktiow-
in<4 every cross road and padi, Ihey mana<^ed to evade our
force, but. our men ;ai( i ('cded in takin}^ three pi'isoner.s
who under the lole ol i iti/eiis were disjiosed to dispute our
advance, and one ol them lired upon oui' skirmishers Jroni
tlic pia/./.a ol his house. At, one nj die cross roads inler-
HCCtini^' widi (he I'ahilka road I yiiMilenant-C'olonel Abboll
had a sei'^^eani and loin' men advance a short dislance in
order to discoNt-r any si^ns ol the enem\' in ihal direction,
and as they were a(l\'ancin^ around a turn in the road,
jusi out ol sifdit of the main column, diey were conlVouted
b\- a line ol rebel ca\alry drawn up across the road, wlio
al once demanded their surri-nder, and they were taken
prisoiu'i's. The detail lonsisted ol Ser^l. Tln'odoic S.
Wenlw (Hill, l'ii\ales jost'j)h nianchel, Alon/,o A. JUishcr,
|acob l'"ollaiisbei', and Asa M. ilui-(l,all members oi" Corn-
pan v I >. h'roiii die 1 1 lice prisoners taken b\ our forces we
learned llial llie rebels had about one hundred and eiMhl^-
niounled men, bt'lou<^in<^' to Dickinson's and l'"iune{;an's
conmiands. hindiii^' themselves too small in numbers lo
attack our idbimn llie\- kepi wis(d\- oul ol si|.dil, and \\'e
were not snbiecled to Imlher aniio\aiice Iroiii lliem al this
lime, and llie ballalioii relurned to ihi- city, arri\'in<4' at
their (piarleis about i o'clock that nijjfht.
Nkw TTaimi'siiikic Vor-UN'i'iwcus.
93
On the ^.'^(1, two riicii l)('l(iiiL;in^ lo C'i»m|i;iii\' (/, vvlio
were coiiliiu'd in Uk; Muard-liousc al tlic IkiI, dcsi'iU'd, aiul
iiDincdiatclv iip()n lcarnin<^ the lads, Caj)t.. II. 15. Lcavitt,
of thai company, took cif^Iit of his men and lollovvcd
tluMii, supposing Ihey had lakcn the l*ahitka road, and
lorlnnatciy was correct in his supposition, as he overlook
tlu'tn a few miles out; helievin(.r the captain and his nu'n
were Conlederales, I'or it was a very dark ni;^lil, lliey
seemed (piite anxious to surr.endcr, and wcic mneh sin'-
prised to lind thev had surrendered to the eaplain ol ihcir
own conipany. "^l^'i^'y vvere brou'dil hack to the ;^nard-
house and put in irons. This (exploit of C'a|)tain Jvcavilt
at once (■slahiishcd his courage anions- the oHicers and
men, tor il r<'(|iiircd no sinaU amount ol couraj^c; lor an
ollicer with so small a detail to pcnflralc the enemy's
country for several miles oulsitle our lines at a lime when
they vvi;re very liable to meet some; of Dickinson's or
Finnegan's troo])ers or ;^uerrillas.
On the 26th, I'lrst JJcut. William C. Knowlton, of
Company I), who had been absent on recrtntin^ serv-
ice, returned to the regiment; on the 27111, the steamer
" Cossack" c"ame in Ironi llillon I lead, S. C, with orders
for C(jionel i'utnam to take live companies of his re;.rim(;nt
and proceed on board the steamer to Hilton llead, to join
an expedition lor the purj)ose ol attackin<^ Charleston,
S. C. ; and on the 2S1I1, comjKinies I>, I'", II, 1, and K,
were ordered on board Ihe " Cf)ssack," hiil on aci:ount ol
the roughness of the sea outside the order was coimter-
manded and the embarkation was deferred until the 29tli,
when the live (oni|)anies, taking live days' rations and
sixty rounds of ammunilion, went alioard of tin; st<'amer
at 12. .|i^ I'. M., accompaniecl by Colonel I'ntnam, Adjt.
II. (/. Webber, and Asst. Surj^. Henry Jioynton, ol th(;
field and stall*. 'l'lH;y at once proceeded for the ojxin sea,
but upon arriving at the lighthouse the sea was found so
rough that it was deemed unsafe to atteiii|)t to cross the
94 History of the Seventh Regiment
bar, and the steamer returned to the city and anchored
opposite the fort, and on the morning of the 30th steamed
up to the wharf where ten days' extra rations were taken
on board, at 1.20 p. m. the steamer left the wharf, and at
3 p. M. crossed the bar on her way to Hilton Head.
The " Cossack" proved to be a craz}^ old boat, and the
sea outside had been exceedingly rough for a few days,
causing the bar at the entrance of the harbor, which was
composed wholl}- of quicksand, to materiall}' change its
channel, and the captain of the steamer, who seemed to
be a rough old sea dog, desired to wait a day or two until
the water had become smoother, hence the delay, much to
the chagrin of the colonel, who wished to report promptly
with his command. Just before reaching the bar the
engineer of the boat was heard to say to the captain of the
steamer, "Shall I put on all steam, captain?" The cap-
tain in his gruff voice replying, " Yes, if we've got to go
to hell, let us go quick ! " On arriving at the bar the pilot
got into his little boat and flagging them over, bade them
adieu. The old steamer bumped fearfully on the shoals,
but once safely across steamed away for Hilton Head. At
sunrise the next morning they were in sight of Fernandina,
Fla., and proceeding up to the city took on board the
Seventh Conn. Volunteers, and at sundown proceeded out
to sea ; arrived at Hilton Head on the morning of April i,
and at once went into camp, where they remained until
the 4th, when they were ordered on board the new head-
quarters dispatch boat "General Hunter,'' and Colonel
Putnam was ordered to the command of a brigade. From
Hilton Head they were ordered to proceed to Stono Inlet,
in order to be in readiness to cooperate wdth the fleet under
Commodore Dupont, who was about to make an attack on
Fort Sumter, and other forts and batteries in Charleston
Harbor ; the intention being to land the forces that w-ere to
cooperate with the navy, on Folly Island, with pontoons
and artillery ready to dash across to Morris Island and
New Hampshire Volunteers. 95
attack the Confederates there, when the fleet should reduce
Fort Sumter and silence the guns of Fort Wagner and
Batter}^ Gregg ; but they were not permitted to cooperate.
The fleet failed to reduce the forts, and the land troops
had nothing to do.
The transports containing the troops were ordered back
to Hilton Head, and from there back to their several
places of rendezvous, and this was the last demonstration
made upon Charleston by Major-General Hunter. A small
force was kept on Folly Island, and earthworks were
constructed and fortifications erected on the south end
of the island, which was the occasion of a sharp retort
from Maj. Gen. Q^ A. Gillmore, a month or more later on,
when he was ordered to relieve General Hunter and take
command of the department. General Hunter in speaking
of his contemplated reduction of the City of Charleston, in
the near future, was calling the attention of General Gill-
more to the fact that he had already strongly fortified the
south end of Folly Island, to which General Gillmore
replied, that the onl}- thing to make the fortifications efiect-
ive was a pivot upon which to turn the island, in order
to bring his guns to bear upon Morris Island, which we
afterwards found to be a very sensible suggestion.
Soon after the battalion of five companies had left for
Hilton Head, the companies stationed at the barracks, who
were left to garrison the post, were ordered to the tort,
and the command of the post devolved upon Lieutenant-
Colonel Abbott. On April 3, the steamer " Burnside "
came in, and among her passengers was Capt. James M.
Chase, of Company D, who had been absent on sick-
leave, and on the 6th, he assumed command of his com-
pany. The duties were now much harder, as it brought
the men on duty quite often, but there was not as much
fatigue duty to perform. At 8 o'clock on the morning
of the 15th, the steamer "Convoy" came in, bringing
Colonel Putnam and the five companies of our regiment
96 History of the Seventh Regiment
back from Hilton Head. They sustained no loss, and
appeared in good trim and none the worse for wear for
their trip; on the i6th, there was a special inspection and
muster of the garrison, and the whole number present
in the reiriment was seven hundred and thirty-eight.
Colonel Putnam again assumed command of the post.
April 28, the steamer " Boston" came in, bringing a pay-
master and the provost marshal general of the department;
on the 30th, the regiment was mustered for pay, and was
paid for four months, the government then owing us for
four months more.
May I, the citizens had a picnic out at the Fairbanks
place, and had a very enjoyable time. On the evening of
the 5th, the steamer "Boston" came in with orders for the
regiment to leaye for Fernandina, the transfer being made
to relieve the Seventh Conn. Volunteers ; Col. Joseph R.
Hawley, commanding that regiment, was ordered to re-
lieve our regiment at St. Augustine, and on the morning
of the 7th, companies A, C, D, E, and G, under com-
mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott, bade farewell to the
quaint old city and its people, where the}- had passed so
many happy hours in garrison duty, and embarked on the
steamer " Boston," to be followed in a few da3's by the re-
mainder of the regiment. We regretted exceedingly to
leave St. Augustine, for we had found its climate very
agreeable, and our accommodations had been much better
than could be turnished to troops in garrison, even in time
of peace. The health of the regiment had steadily im-
proved under the beneficent effects of the salubrious
climate, and every man of our regiment will ever hold in
the most pleasant remembrance the man}^ h^PPy hours
passed at old St. Augustine, Fla. It very rarely occurs,
during a civil strife of such vast proportions as the war
of 1861, that a regiment is stationed for a period of eight
months, with such quiet, yet pleasant surroundings, as
was the lot of the Seventh N. H. Volunteers, at this post.
^^f"
FIRST SERGT. GEORGE P. DOW,
Co. C.
SERGT. FRANK \V. SHANNON,
Co. C.
SERGT. WILLIAM TILTON,
Co. C.
STEPHEN D. SAnill,
Co. C.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 97
CHAPTER VIII.
THE ARRIVAL AT FERNANDINA. PICKET DUTY AT THE
BRIDGE. FERNANDINA FLEAS. THE SIGNAL STA-
TION. FORT CLINCH. THE REGIMENT ORDERED TO
HILTON HEAD. PICKET DUTY ON JENKINS ISLAND.
The voyage to Fernandina, of the five companies under
Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott, was a beautiful one and with-
out incident. It was a splendid day, and the men enjoyed
the trip very much, and arrived at their destination about
4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 7th. Line was formed
as the companies disembarked, and the command was
marched to a camping-ground a short distance from the
wharf, where they were issued new A tents, and with
much diligence they got them pitched ready for occu-
pancy about 9 o'clock that night. The ''Boston" took on
board a portion of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, and at
once proceeded to St. Augustine, and returning were to
bring Colonel Putnam and the remaining companies of
our regiment that had been left there.
Companies B, F, H, L and K, under command of
Colonel Putnam, left St. Augustine about noon of the loth,
and arrived at Fernandina about dark. The men at once
went on shore, some being fortunate enough to find and
pitch their tents, while those who were not as fortunate —
and they were in a large majority — bivouacked in the
open air on the ground.
In the hurry and bustle incident upon the transfer of
troops, Private Thomas Melzead, of Company G, who
was confined in the guard-house at the fort at St. Augus-
7
98 History of the Seventh Regiment
tine, managed to escape about the time the last five com-
panies left the city. He will be remembered as having
been detailed as adjutant's clerk, during most of his serv-
ice. He was never apprehended.
As soon as the regiment got well settled down in camp,
the men commenced looking over the town which we
found much more modern in appearance, and wholly
devoid of the old musty look of St. Augustine. Before the
commencement of the war it had been quite a business
place. It is a fine seaport, and has a magnificent land-
locked harbor, capable of holding many of the largest
vessels, and the}' could be loaded and unloaded with-
out difliculty at the wharves ; previous to hostilities large
quantities of lumber, sugar, and cotton were shipped from
this port. A railroad from Cedar Keys, running directly
across the State, had its terminus at Fernandina, and this
road connected at Baldwin's Station with the railroad run-
ning from Jacksonville to Tallahassee, which made the
seaport accessible from all directions.
About three miles from Fernandina the railroad bridge
across a creek had been torn up, and at that place a strong
picket was posted, a company being kept there for that pur-
pose : Company- C was at once detailed and sent down there
by rail, a locomotive and a few cars having been found
there when the place had first been occupied by our
troops. The}' were at once repaired and used for the
purpose of transporting troops and stores to and from the
bridge. In the harbor bordering the town lay the large
gunboat " Mohawk," and we had a light battery of two
and a heavy one of three guns, besides a large columbiad
which the rebels had left dismounted at the time of their
evacuation, and which had been re-mounted and placed in
position for efiective service. Company D was detailed
for provost guard, Captain Ames, of Company H, was ap-
pointed provost marshal, and Lieutenant Taylor, of Com-
New Hampshire Volunteers.
99
pany B, was placed in command of the battery- A picket
line was kept around the city, and companies A and H
were sent down to Fort Clinch under command of Cap-
tain Cotton, of Company A, where there was a lar<re num-
ber of prisoners working out sentences of courts martial,
under the superyision of a detachment of the First N. Y.
Enjjineers.
We found the sand at this place full, jammed full, and
rammed full of fleas, which annoyed the men yery much,
and it was quite amusing to see some of the men endeayor
to catch them, but none ever became experts at the busi-
ness. A small paper was being printed at this place,
called " Tlie Peninsula," and two or three of the regi-
ment, who were printers, were detailed at "type-sticking"
for a short time. A series of drills was at once com-
menced, consisting of bayonet exercise in the morning, and
compan}' drill in the afternoon. We found formidable
earthworks overlooking the harbor, across which we could
see what v\\as left of St. Mary's over in Georgia, for early
in the war the town had been nearly destroyed. The
beach at Fernandina was one of the finest in the world,
and was about eighteen miles in length. On the 20th,
Company C was relieved from picket dut}' at the " bridge,"
by Company B, and Compan}^ C was sent down to Fort
Clinch to relieve Company H. While here a few of our
men were detailed at the signal station, which \\as in the
cupola of a large house which had a commanding view of
the harbor. Fernandina was the home of the rebel iien-
eral, Finnegan, so we were informed, and we were shown
his residence, which was a fine one : the buildings and
their surroundings were evidence that previous to hostili-
ties he had been in affluent circumstances, but at the com-
mencement of the war he had accepted a commission in
the Confederate service and was in command of the rebel
forces in Florida.
lOO History of the Seventh Regiment
We were now settled down in good shape and were
getting comfortably situated when, on the 5th of June, the
steamer " Boston" came in at 7 o'clock in the morning,
with orders for Colonel Putnam to report at once with hi&
regiment at Hilton Head, S. C. The steamer brought
on board the Eleventh Me. Volunteers, or what was left of
that regiment, for it only mustered three hundred men ;
orders were at once issued and the 6th was consumed
in making preparations for leaving, and on the 7th, the
Seventh went aboard the " Boston," and at 3 o'clock p. m.
we steamed out of the harbor. As we fondly looked upon
the receding shore we scarcely realized that many of us-
were taking our last farewell of Florida, where we had
passed so many pleasant and happ}- days, and as the out-
lines of her coast faded gradually from view there was a
sadness noticed among the men who had taken kindly to
the beautiful climate and had almost begun to consider
that state as the next place to home.
On the night of the 7th, we anchored off Stono Inlet,.
near a light-ship, and on the morning of the 8th proceeded
to Hilton Head, arriving there at 8 o'clock a. m., and
anchored in the stream. Colonel Putnam at once went
ashore to find out whether we were to go into camp at
Hilton Head or at St. Helena Island, and in the afternoon
we received orders to go ashore at Hilton Head ; therefore
we steamed up to the whart', disembarked, formed line,
and eight companies marched to a camp-ground about
two miles out in a southeasterly direction, while compan-
ies A and D were detailed to go to Jenkins Island, on
picket duty.
New Hampshire Volunteers. ioi
CHAPTER IX.
GEN. Qi A. GILLMORE ASSUMES COMMAND OF THE DE-
PARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, AND OF THE TENTH ARMY
CORPS. THE REGIMENT ORDERED TO FOLLY ISLAND,
S. C. DRILLING AND FATIGUE DUTY. THE TROOPS
ORGANIZED FOR EFFECTIVE SERVICE. COLONEL
PUTNAM ORDERED TO THE COMMAND OF A BRIGADE.
THE BATTLE OF MORRIS ISLAND. THE FIRST
ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER.
When General Gillmore assumed command of the De-
partment of the South and of the Tenth Corps, on the I2th
of June, 1863, he found a force of nearly twenty thousand
men, who were distributed on Folly Island, Hilton Head,
Seabrook Island, St. Helena Island, and Beaufort, in
the State of South Carolina ; Ossabaw Island and Fort
Pulaski, in the State of Georgia ; and at Fernandina and
St. Aucrustine, Florida, coverinfr a coast line of nearly two
hundred and fifty miles, twelve thousand of these troops
had been brought here b}* General Foster, from North
Carolina in the previous February or March. The service
of guarding this line and of garrisoning the several posts
at different points within this department, left not more
than eleven thousand men for operations directly against
Charleston, w^iich force, considering the amount and kind
of work to be performed, was admitted by good military
authority as inadequate for effective purposes.
June 12, the men belonging to the regiment who had
been captured at St. Augustine, Fla., were returned to us,
and they were in much better condition than we expected
I02 History of the Seventh Regiment
to find them. They seemed happy to get back to the regi-
ment and return to duty. June 15, the two companies on
picket on Jenkins Island were relieved by two companies
of the One Hundred and Fifteenth N. Y. Volunteers, and
were ordered to report at once to the regiment at Hil-
ton Head, where they arrived about midnight. On the
i6th, the regiment was paid, and orders were received
to proceed to Folly Island, S. C, where was to be gath-
ered a large force for the purpose of operating against
the City of Charleston. Tents were struck just before
noon and the men busied themselves in getting every-
thing in readiness for their journey ; at 9 p. i\i. the
recriment was ordered into line and at once marched to
the wharf and embarked on the steamer " Delaware," and
lay at anchor in the harbor until noon of the 17th, when
we started for Folly Island, and arrived off that point
about dark, but delayed running in for a few hours, that
the enemy from his signal stations on Morris Island might
not discern that the island was being reinforced. The
night was very dark, and about midnight the steamer ran
into Stono Inlet and close to Folly Island. The regiment
disembarked from the transport " Delaware," and by the
light of lanterns and aid of flat scows, landed upon the
south end of Folly Island, which was one of the most
dreary and worthless collections of sand-hills to be found
on the coast. For the remainder of the night the regiment
bivouacked on the beach, and at 10 o'clock on the morn-
ing of the iSth were ordered into line and were marched
about five miles, to a camp-ground towards the north end
of the island, where was quite a belt of woodland. The
ocean beach of this island was of beautiful, clean, white,
quartz sand, was very wide, and at low tide was as
hard as a floor. The island was composed of a series of
sand-hills, and a large portion of the island was covered
with a growth of pine and palmetto, which afforded the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 103
troops fuel and shade. We arrived at our camp-ground
about noon, and at once details were made from each com-
pany to clear up the bushes from our camping-ground
before we could pitch our tents. Wells were dug from
three to twelve feet deep — water being found at a level
with the sea, which at lirst tasted fairly well, but after a
few days it would turn dark colored, smell strong, and
taste so badly that it was almost impossible to use it for
drinking purposes. This was the poorest drinking-water
we found while in the service.
We found quite a collection of troops camped in the
woods in this section of the island, and we were led to be-
lieve at once that the new department commander intended
to assume the offensive at once. The duties now assigned
us were to assist in building heavy fortiti cations and plant-
ing batteries on the extreme north end of the island, and
immediately fronting Morris Island, which the Confeder-
ates had to a considerable extent already fortified. Our
intervals of rest from these duties were occupied by the
severest drill of five hours each day, and strict discipline
was observed in preparation for the coming service. The
north end of the island being covered with a dense growth
of underbrush and belts of heavy timber favored our work,
the heav}' sand-hills that here skirted the beach on
Lighthouse Inlet favored the secrecy of our operations,
and we soon had a series of batteries securely erected and
ready for action when the orders should be given to dig
the embrasures through the top of the sand-hill in their
immediate front. The greatest secrecy had to be observed
in order that the enemy might not in the least be at all
suspicious of our work. Fresh troops kept arriving, and
nearly every day brought some new regiment or battery,
until the time for final action came, when about seven
thousand men were encamped upon the island ; of this
force some four thousand men under Brig. Gen. Israel
I04 History of the Seventh Regiment
Vodges had remained upon the ishmd since the attack on
Fort Sumter on the 7th of April, and had been busily en-
gaged in erecting strong works at the south end of the
island and other works about two miles south of the north
end of the island, and a militar}- road had been constructed
about ten miles long, which communicated with all parts
of the island. The northern extremity of Folly Island
was subject to being cut off occasionally by tidal overflows
and was known as Little Foil}' Island. It was on this
extreme point well covered by the brush and woods that
masked batteries w^ere commenced on the 14th of June, to
mount, when completed, fort3'-seven guns and mortars-
Colonel Putnam w-as on June 20 put in command of a
brigade, and Adjt. Henry G. Webber was detailed as act-
ing assistant adjutant-general on his staft\ The troops
upon the island w-ere kept constanth' at work until the
completion of the batteries.
The Confederates had commenced as earl}' as the loth
of March to fortify the southern extremity of Morris Island,
and had eleven guns mounted in readiness for an attack,
of which four commanded the crossing at Lighthouse
Inlet, and the Confederate captain, John C. Mitchell, of the
First S. C. Artillery, who was in charge of the south end
of Morris Island, opened fire in a desultory way as early
as June 12, and for a week or ten days continued this fire,
principally from mortars, which killed and wounded sev-
eral men ; our forces made no reply, but kept on work-
ing like beavers in the construction of those masked
batteries, which were less than a thousand yards from the
rebel fortifications.
On the Fourth of July, the routine of duty was the same,
and the national salute usually fired in commemoration of
our National Independence, had to be dispensed with as a
military necessity, except the one fired by the blockading
squadron at the mouth of Charleston harbor, for we could
New Hampshire Volunteers. 105
not inform the enemy that we had artillery present,
although it was generally supposed that the rebels well
knew that a picket force was kept on Little Folly Island.
Hence w'e were compelled to enter in our diary on that
intensely hot da}-, and in explanation of the silence im-
posed upon us under the circumstances, as we sat astride
the muzzle of a thirty-pounder Parrott, pointing toward
the enemy, whose entrenchments we could plainly see,
only a few hundred 3-ards away, b}- pushing aside the
dense underp'rowth of bushes in our immediate front :
We could fire no salute, even a single shot.
For our work could not be tarried :
So we silentl}- prepared for the contest hot.
For Charleston must soon be carried.
Our position, exactly, the rebels know not.
We 've faith in our powder and ball,
And the monitors will help to give them a shot,
The rag over Charleston must fall.
July 7, the regimental cooks were ordered to cook three
days' rations, and from this order the bovs drew their
own conclusions; on the evening of the 8th, we were
ordered to the front on Little Folly Island, at the batteries
as a support, in very light marching order, with onl}'
equipments and canteens, and we were ordered to stop
there on the 9th, as there were no troops with which to
relieve us. A blockade-runner, the " Ruby," had, pre-
vious to the arrival of the Seventh on Foil}' Island, been
wrecked off Lighthouse Inlet, and very near the northeast
end of Little Folly Island, on which the rebels had a look-
out : this wreck was visited nearly e\'ery day by par-
ties of the rebel soldiers, and was within easy rifle range
of our pickets, who were not allowed to tire a shot, and
were obliged to keep concealed from view.
io6 History of the Seventh Ri^giment
So secretly had our forces constructed their works that
in an official report of Brigadier-General Ripley, com-
manding the Confederate forces around Charleston, about
this time he states, " that up to the 8th or 9th of Jul}', the
enemy, so far as ascertained, had constructed no works on
Little Folly except to shelter his pickets from our shells."
This was a day or two only before the attack, and those
thoroughly well-built batteries for forty-seven guns and
mortars had been under construction since the i^th of
ytuie, without any discovery. With lookout stations on
the ruins of the old lighthouse, Morris Island, on a mast-
head of the wrecked blockade-runner " Ruby," off Light-
house Inlet, and at Secessionville, on James Island, there
had as yet been no discovery of our works.
In his book entitled " The Defense of Charleston Har-
bor," Maj. John Johnson (Confederate), speaking of the
opening of the tire from the rebel batteries on the south
end of Morris Island, on June 12, says : " It may well be
asked. Why was not the tire of the Confederates more
vigorously maintained ? Only their confidence that nothing
serious was meant by the Federals can account for the
oversight, while it cannot excuse it." While the dense
wood and underbrush and the sand-hills afforded good
concealment to the working parties, Major Johnson says :
" But it was chiefly to a ruse practiced on the artillerists of
Morris Island that the concealment was due. A block-
ade-running steamer grounded and became a wreck off
the inlet. When General Vodges advanced a few field-
guns on the beach to shell the wreck, the Confederate
batteries drove them ofi\ and thenceforward, their men
being unmolested in plundering the cargo, the impression
was conveyed to the Confederates that only a picket force
was opposed to them."
Upon assuming command of the Department of the
South, General Gillmore's first movement was the con-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 107
struction of the strong batteries on the north end of Folly
Island, which had now been completed, and everything
was in readiness for inaugurating the offensive operations
contemplated. The real attack was to be made by a force
landing on Morris Island, preceded b}^ the unmasking
and opening of the batteries on Folly Island. For the
purpose of detracting the attention of the Confederates,
Gen. A. H. Terry, with about thirty-live hundred men,
aided by three gunboats, made a strong demonstration up
the Stono River against James Island, and Col. Thomas
W. Higginson, w'ith two hundred and tifty men of his
regiment (the First S. C. Colored), and a section of the
First Conn. Light Battery, with the armed steamer "John
Adams," the transport '' Enoch Dean,"' and the small tug
" Governor Milton," ascended the South Edisto River, with
the intention of cutting the Savannah Railroad and burning
the bridge. Colonel Higginson was defeated in his attempt
to reach the railway, and was compelled to abandon and
destroy the tug '' Milton." General Terry's expedition
was more successful, for it drew the attention of the Con-
federates to James Island, and caused them to send large
reinforcements from Morris Island. On the i6th of July,
he was engaged at Grimball's Landing, on James Island,
and lost fourteen killed, twenty wounded, and twelve cap-
tured or missing. On the 6th of July, Rear-Admiral John
A. Dahlgren relieved Rear-i\dmiral Samuel F. DuPont,
of the blockading fleet, thereby placing the naval forces to
cooperate with the land forces in this Department in the
hands of a new commander.
During the afternoon of the 9th, the company cooks
brought up our rations, and a detail was sent back for our
rubber blankets, and during the early hours of the morn-
ing of the loth, the brush in front of our masked batteries
was carefully removed and the embrasures were carefully
shoveled out, long before the early dawn. Major John-
io8 History of the Seventh Regiment
son, in his book entitled, "The Defense of Charleston
Harbor," says, "some cutting away of brushwood from
the front of the concealed works had already been heard
by the Confederates, but as there was no removal of the
brush, the batteries continued to be undiscovered up to the
last moment." And he further says, " Capt. Charles T.
Haskell, Jr., of the Twenty-first S. C. Volunteers, scout-
ing from Morris Island, in a small boat, made discovery
of the barges moored in the creek back of Foil}' Island,
and that even this discovery failed to alarm the defend-
ers of Morris Island as it should have done," which
shows how securely the secret of our work had been kept,
and how well the suspicions of the garrison and pickets of
the Confederates on Morris Island had been allayed.
On the night of July 9, and about thirt}' hours after the
departure of General Terr3''s expedition. Brig. Gen.
George C. Strong embarked his command in boats or
barges at a point near the southwestern extremity of Folly
Island, and cautiously proceeded up the creek toward the
north end of the island, and near the left of Little Folh'
Island, and awaited the opening of our batteries.
Just before 4 o'clock on the morning of the loth, the
reoiment was ordered to move back a short distance from
the batteries, when we were formed in line, and were
ordered to support the batteries. The morning dawned
pleasant and beautiful, but the atmosphere was close and
sultry ; a little after 4 o'clock the fort3^-seven guns and
mortars opened from our batteries on Little Foll}^ Island,
and were shortly afterward joined by the guns from the
monitors, in the harbor, which made a formidable cross-
tire on the rebel works ; and the music of these heavy guns
in support of the land batteries was terrific. The rebel
forces on Morris Island were so taken by surprise at so
heavv an onset that it was some little time before they
could get their batteries at work, and then came the tire
New Hampshire Volunteers. 109
from Forts Gregg and Wagner at the north end, and from
all the guns in the batteries at the south end of Morris
Island that the rebels could bring into use, and for nearly
three hours this heavy bombardment was kept up. About
7 o'clock General Strong's brigade, awaiting patiently for
orders to cross, quickly rowed their barges from the cover
of Little Folly Island, and at once pulled for the Morris
Island shore, crossing Lighthouse Inlet near the left of
Little Folly Island, and under. a heavy infantry lire and
the fire of the batteries on the south end of Morris Island
a landing w^as made, line formed, and the rifle-pits and
batteries at once charged and taken ; this success was
at once followed by the crossing of the Seventh in
barges, immediately in front of our batteries, and with
other troops who came after us we were formed in sup-
port of General Strong's brigade. The batteries on the
south end of Morris Island were captured with about two
hundred of the rebel garrison, the remainder of their
forces were soon skedaddling up the island towards Fort
Wagner, and our advance followed them up and a little
beyond the Beacon House, and at 9 o'clock two thirds of
the island was ours. We believe had an assault at once
been made on Wagner that we should have had the island
by sunset wholh^ in our possession, but for some unac-
countable reason this was not done, and was undoubtedly
a grave mistake on the part of our commanding general,
which was afterwards more fully demonstrated in all our
minds, and all Confederate authorities on the subject unite
in the opinion that the Union Army lost a great oppor-
tunity in not assaulting Fort Wagner that evening.
The rebels in their haste to get out of harm's way were
obliged to leave almost everything behind, and we found a
great variety of articles in their camps, including equip-
ments, arms, ammunition, clothing, muster-rolls, and the
personal baggage of the officers and men. We found this
no History of the Seventh Regiment
island to be more of a sand \\ aste than the one we had
just left, with scarcely a half-dozen trees, and very lew
shrubs upon it; but we were nearer Charleston.
Early in the afternoon First Lieutenant Worcester, of
Company H, with a detail from the regiment, advanced as
skirmishers and established a picket line where the first
parallel was afterwards located. These pickets were
under a constant fire of musketry Irom Fort Wagner, but
the distance was so great that the force of the bullets was
nearh^ spent before reaching us. A ten-inch mortar shell
fell during the afternoon, within a few yards of the pickets
stationed on the beach, which fortunately did not explode,
and consequently did no harm.
The fleet followed up the advantage gained by the land
forces and the iron-clads steamed in close to Fort Wagner,
and firing occasional shells helped to keep the rebels from
establishing a heav}- picket line in our imm.ediate front
during the day.
About 4 o'clock p. m. the Seventh was ordered to the
front and took its station near the Beacon House, which
was onlv about four thousand vards from Fort Sumter,
from which fort a halt-dozen guns had been firing upon
our advancing troops since lo o'clock a. m., including two
powerful Brooke rifles, one of which was fractured five
da3's atfer. The day was intensely hot and the men suf-
fered for water. Small details of men were sent back to
Folly Island with loads of empt}^ canteens, and we got a
small amount of food from the bags of those rebels who
were forced to drop them in their hurry to get back to
Wagner. The average Confederate haversack as we
found it on jMorris Island, consisted of a meal sack with a
lono; strino- tied around the mouth and lastened to the
roundabout belt in front, and slung back over the left
shoulder, which was easily got rid of by cutting the string
at the roundabout, letting the bag fall oft' over the shoulder
New Hampshire Volunteers. hi
behind. We remember to have personally captured one
of these bags, and found a conglomeration of uncooked
rice, corn meal, and a small piece of plug tobacco, which
we eagerly divided \vith another comrade, who in return
gave us a graham pilot biscuit, some black beans,_ and
a piece of bacon which he had taken from another bag.
As the shades of evening settled down around us. Lieu-
tenant Worcester's men were relieved by a new detail, and
the picket line was advanced further to the front, the line
extending across the island. We occupied with our re-
serve the line of ground which had been occupied by our
pickets during the day, and where was afterwards con-
structed the lirst parallel, beyond the Beacon House,
which all who were present at the siege of INIorris Island
will well remember. At dark the firing almost wholly
ceased, and the men who were weary and worn with the
severe fatigue of the day, after throwing up a slight breast-
work, lay down on the sand-hills in line, and soon forgot
their hardships and were dreaming of their homes far
away, and no one could foretell what the morrow^ might
bring forth. Our pickets were now within six hundred
yards of Fort Wagner, and a line of pickets was established
by the rebels during the night, immediately in our front,
and occupying a ridge extending entirely across the island.
At early dawn on the morning of the nth, and before
the morning mist had lifted itself above those sand-hills, a
disposition of the forces comprising the brigade under
General Strong was made for an assault upon Fort Wag-
ner. The assaulting column was at once ordered forward
and the Seventh was ordered into line for support. The
assault was sharp and furious, and lasted less than a half-
hour, but the garrison of Morris Island had been consider-
abl}' reinforced during the night so that the force inside of
Fort Wagner numbered about one thousand int'antr}' and
two hundred artillerists, about four hundred men more
112 History of the Seventh Regiment
than the el^ective strength of the garrison the day previous-
The assault proved a failure, with a loss of killed,
wounded, and captured of about three hundred and thirty.
The Seventh being in the supporting column lost no men
in this assault. Then came the order to entrench, and the
two months' siege of Fort Wagner at once commenced.
In this tirst assault on Fort Wagner, the assaulting column
consisted of four companies of the Seventh Connecticut,
the Ninth Maine, and the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania.
The supporting column consisted of the Sixth Connecti-
cut, Forty-eighth New York, Third and Seventh New
Hampshire.
This assault demonstrated to General Gillmore that Fort
Wagner, w^hen properly garrisoned, was stronger than he
had supposed it to be, and after consultation with Rear-
Admiral Dahlgren he concluded to establish counter-bat-
teries against it, and to attempt with the combined lire of
the land batteries and gunboats, to drive the enemy from
it, or open the way to a successful assault. Batteries were
accordingly established and were ready to open fire on the
morninp" of the i8th.
On the night of the nth, the Seventh was still at the
front, and we got a ration of hard bread, the first we had
issued to us since leaving Folly Island. As the plunging
fire from the guns of Sumter, Wagner, Gregg, and Moul-
trie, and the enfilading fire of Fort Johnson, the Horse-
shoe battery, and Battery Bee on James Island had been
very annoying, during the day we were directed to
strengthen our slight earthworks, this being the first en-
trenchment of any kind yet made upon this end of Morris
Island by our troops. On the morning of the 12th, we
were relieved by the One Hundredth New York, and were
ordered back to a camping-ground midway down the
island, among the sand-hills, where the Twenty-first S. C.
Volunteers had been in camp when they were routed from
CAPT. JAMES M. CHASE,
Co. D.
I.IEUT. FEHDINAND DA\IS,
Co. D.
CAPT. GROVENOR A. CURTICE,
Co. D( Peace).
CAPT. GROVENOR A. CURTICE,
Co. D( War time).
New Hampshire Volunteers. 113
the south end of the island. We found their camp about
as they had left it, with all kinds of property and camp
utensils scattered promiscuously around. The guns from
Fort Sumter reached our camp and made life very uncom-
fortable for us, as they kept up a constant fire day and
night, from their two Brooke rifles, w^iich were heavy, long-
range guns, throwing their shells as far as the south end
of the island.
The descent upon Morris Island had been a successfully
accomplished fact, and our forces w^ere occupying about
three miles of the southern portion of the island, while the
rebels held about a mile of the northern part, having within
their lines two strong fortifications, but wnth their commu-
nications with the City of Charleston seriously threatened
and impaired, while the monitors and vessels of the fleet
kept up a constant and effective bombardment during
each day on Forts Wagner and Gregg.
General Terry's demonstration on James Island having
accomplished its purpose, his forces were successfully
withdrawn on the 17th, and w^ere ordered to Folly and
Morris Islands.
On the 15th, the regiment moved back to a camping-
ground about a half-mile tarther to the rear, but not out of
reach of the shells from the Brooke rifles on Fort Sumter.
The fortifications at the first parallel were being armed
with ten, twent}^ and thirty-pounder Parrott guns, and
fourteen mortars, presumably some of those used in the
batteries back on Folly Island. A battery still further in
the rear and on the left or land side of the island was
started for the purpose of mounting some one-hundred and
two-hundred-pounder Parrott guns. Our engineers also
erected a lookout on one of the highest sand-hills near our
camp, from which could be seen the rebel batteries all
about us, and awav in the distance over Battery Greo-o:
could be plainly seen the City of Charleston. On the top
114
History of the Seventh Regiment
of this lookout was established a siiinal station, for the
purpose of signaling the fleet and the forces on Folly
Island, and for the purpose of observing anything the
enemy might be doing. Every day and night large details
were made from the regiment for fatigue up at the first
parallel or over on the battery at the left. The distance
of the first parallel was estimated to be about nineteen
hundred and twenty yards from Wagner. In a short time
oar forces had mounted twent3'-seven rifled guns and four-
teen mortars. Reinforcements began to arrive rapidly,
both for the army and navy, large quantities of ammu-
nition were brought over from Folly Island, the tents
of the newly arriving troops were pitched back among
the sand-hills, the south end of Morris Island began to
show sicrns of considerable activitv, and evervthing tended
to impress us with the idea that something in the shape of
a movement of the land forces and nav}' was about to be
inaugurated.
4\ ir. »^ S 4', u St
■ma \j[\i^^
BEACOX HOUSE, MORRIS ISLAND, S. C.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 115
CHAPTER X.
THE SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. COOPERATION
OF THE NA^■Y. THE DEAFENING ROAR OF ONE HUN-
DRED HEAVY GUNS AND MORTARS. GENERAL GILL-
MORE HOLDS A COUNCIL OF WAR. AN ASSAULT
DETERMINED UPON. THE FIRST BRIGADE UNDER
GENERAL STRONG TO LEAD. THE SECOND BRIGADE
UNDER COLONEL PUTNAM ORDERED IN AS SUPPORT.
THE FIRST BRIGADE UNSUCCESSFUL. THE SECOND
BRIGADE REACH THE FORT AND HOLD A SALIENT FOR
AN HOUR AND A HALF. FAILURE OF THE THIRD
BRIGADE TO COME TO OUR ASSISTANCE. THE DEATH
OF COLONEL PUTNAM, CAPTAIN BROWN, AND LIEUTEN-
ANTS CATE, BAKER, BRYANT, BENNETT, AND LANE ON
OR NEAR THE WORKS. — CAPTAINS LEAVITT AND
HOUSE AND LIEUTENANTS DAVIS AND WORCESTER
MORTALLY WOUNDED. THE ASSAULT A FAILURE.
THE LOSS OF THE SEVENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE TWO
HUNDRED AND SIXTEEN.
On the morning of Jul}' 18, considerable commotion was
noticed in the different camps of the troops on the island,
and the weather was warm and sultry. The previous
night had been warm and showery, and as we fell in for
our rations of hard-tack and coffee, not a man in the com-
mand tor a moment thought the day would be made mem-
orable by a land and naval bombardment of uncommon
severity, and would end in a second and bloody assault
upon Fort Wagner and a disastrous repulse to the Union
forces.
ii6 History of the Seventh Regiment
However, about 9 o'clock a. m., the troops on the island
were ordered out from their camps among the sand-hills,
under arms and in light marching order, upon the beach.
A large number from the Seventh New Hampshire had
been detailed for fatigue duty the night before, and during
violent thunder showers, had worked until nearly day-
break, supplying the gun and mortar batteries with ammu-
nition which was to be used in bombarding Fort Wagner.
The monitors and the new " Ironsides" at once moved up
and engaged Fort Wagner, and a steady fire was kept up
until about noon, which was vigorously returned by the
guns of Forts Wagner, Gregg, Sumter, Moultrie, and the
batteries on James Island. Owing to the heavy rains of
the previous night it was nearl}- noon before the land
batteries could open fire.
The troops gathered upon the beach, stacked arms, and
quietly rested at will, interesting themselves largely in
watchincT the firincr of our fleet. At noon the different
company cooks brought us from the camping-grounds near
bv, our rations of hard-tack and coffee, and at 12.30 Com-
pany D, under command of First Lieut. Wm. C. Knowl-
ton, was ordered to the battery on the left of our works,
for the purpose of throwing up a further protection of
earthworks in front of the battery, which was accomplished
inside of a half-hour, and the company returned to the
regiment on the beach. Shortly after 12 o'clock Rear-
Admiral Dahlgren, having his flag on the monitor " Mon-
tauk," accompanied by four monitors and the new " Iron-
sides," and these followed by five wooden gunboats, closed
in toward Fort Wagner, and together with the land batter-
ies opened a terrific fire, and the roar of heavy ordnance
was deafening. The wooden gunboats kept up a slow but
accurate fire from their large pivot Parrott rifled guns, and
very efl'ectually shelled Fort Wagner, while they were
wholly out of range of the guns of the fort, but the shell-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 117
in<>" from the fleet and land batteries combined was so se-
vere, that neariy all the troops of the enemy, both infantry
and artillerists, were compelled to seek safet}^ in the
bomb-proofs. The guns were all silenced on the south or
land side of the fort, and nearly silenced on the sea front;
for in most instances the gunners were driven completely
away from their guns.
At midday General Gillmore, who was on the island,
rode up with his staff', and ascending the lookout which
had been erected on the sand-hills near the beach, and
just opposite the left of our regiment, watched, through
his lorgnette, the effect of the shells. During that seem-
inglv long summer afternoon the troops on the beach wit-
nessed one of the grandest of bombardments b}' land and
naval forces that had taken place since the commencement
of the war.
The forces on Morris Island were commanded by Brig.
Gen. Truman Seymour, and the infantry was arranged in
three brigades, the First under command of Brig. Gen.
George C. Strong, was composed of the Fort3'-eighth New
York, Col. W. B. Barton : Seventy -sixth Pennsylvania,
Capt. J. S. Littell; Third New Hampshire, Col. J. H.
Jackson ; Sixth Connecticut, Col. J. L. Chatfield ; Ninth
Maine, Col. S. Emery; with the Fifty-fourth Massa-
chusetts (colored), Col. Robert G. Shaw. The Second
Brigade under command of Col. H. S. Putnam, of the
Seventh N. H. Volunteers, consisted of the Seventh New^
Hampshire, Lieut. Co.. J. C. Abbott; One Hundredth
New York, Col. G. B. Dandy ; Sixty-second Ohio, Col.
F. B. Pond; Sixty-seventh Ohio, Col. A. C. Voris. The
Third Brigade, which took no active part in this second
assault upon Fort Wagner, was commanded by Brig. Gen.
T. G. Stevenson, and consisted of four excellent regi-
ments from the forces of General Terry, which had just
arrived from James Island. These troops were made up
ii8 History of the Seventh Regiment
of fine material, were led by competent officers, and were
composed largely of regiments belonging to the Tenth
Corps, with a few regiments which had formerly belonged
to the Thirteenth Corps, which had been discontinued on
June II, and a few of the regiments of that corps had
been transferred to the Department of the South.
Col. R. T. Graham, who had commanded the Confed-
erate forces on Morris Island during the engagements on
the loth and nth, had been relieved on the morning of
the 14th by Brig. Gen. William B. Taliaferro, who at
once placed their fortifications in the best possible condition
for defense, and the Contederate garrisons were largely
increased.
The tide serving about 4 o'clock p. m., the iron-clads
closed in to within about three hundred yards of Wagner,
and the mortars and guns of the land batteries and every
available gun of the naval forces now opened with re-
newed energy, and the sixty-four guns and mortars of our
land and naval forces combined, were promptly answered
by the heav}^ guns, some thirty or more, of Forts Sumter
and Moultrie, Battery Gregg, and the heavy batteries
on James Island ; the deafening roar of about one hun-
dred guns of the heaviest calibre, worked with such rapid-
ity, seemed almost unbroken. Rear-Admiral Dahlgren
received a signal from General Gillmore during the after-
noon, informing him that an assault would be made at
twilight. This signal, it seems, was read by the Confed-
erates, but the increased attack from the land batteries and
the fleet would naturally forestall such an event. In the
midst of this heavy firing a boaf s crew was called for, and
the old crew of the colonel's barge at St. Augustine at
once responded, under Corporal Palmer, of Company F,
and rowed out to one of the advanced monitors, to carry
an officer, with a communication from the general. The
damage in our trenches from the heavy fire of the enemy
New Hampshire Volunteers. 119
during the dav, had been slight. A caisson was exploded
in one of our batteries by a shell, and a few casualties
occurred. Our earthworks had been carefully constructed,
and afforded our artillerists considerable protection.
From our position on the beach we could see the shells
exploding in and around the tort, the clouds of dust rising
high in the air, as they plunged into the loose sand of
which it was built. Three times the rebel colors were shot
away, and as many times a few daring men came out upon
the parapet and raised them again. Ignorant as was
everyone, from the commanding general down, of the
construction of the fort, it seemed as if that shower of pon-
derous missiles, bursting all around them, must destroy or
drive away the garrison. How^ever, we were soon to be
undeceived. Long and dreary seemed the hours of the
afternoon as we lay upon the hot sand of the beach,
scorching in the rays of an unclouded sun, and speculat-
ing upon the results of the bombardment. Just before
sundown General Gillmore called up his brigade command-
ers, with General Seymour, and upon Colonel Putnam's
return we learned that an assault had been determined on,
— contrary to his advice, as he said. " I told the general,"
said he, " I did not think we could take the fort so, but
Seymour overruled me ; Seymour is a devil of a fellow for
dash." To Major Henderson he remarked, "We are all
going into Wagner like a flock of sheep." Immediately
upon Colonel Putnam's return the regiment was ordered
to fall in, and we could hear the commands given in the
brigade in our front. We have no doubt that our troops
had been seen all day upon the beach from the lookouts at
Fort Sumter, and that they knew we were massing troops
for some purpose. The dysentery, which prevailed among
the troops while on Folly Island, had enormously swelled
the sick-list of the Seventh, and the adjutant that morning
at roll-call reported to the brigade commander but four
120 History of the Seventh Regiment
hundred and eighty officers and men present for duty after
the line was formed.
The regiments of the Second Brigade formed in column
by companies, the Seventh New Hampshire leading, it
being the regiment of the ranking colonel. It was then
we knew full well the meaning of such a movement, and
as the rays of a glorious sunset shone upon the bright,
iixed bayonets of our troops, it blended with the pale, up-
lifted faces of our comrades, whose firm, resolutely com-
pressed features we knew meant " victory or death." Not
a man asked to leave the line. There was no apparent
show of fear upon those visages, as we looked along the
line in pride at the noble representation from the Old
Granite State, and, probably, not one in those crowded
columns realized at that moment that perhaps one fourth
of their number would be " mustered out" ere the rising
of another sun.
The command, " Forward, " was given. The Fift}'-
fourth Massachusetts (colored) had already left the ad-
vance works on the double-quick, with the brave Col.
Robert G. Shaw^ at their head, closel}' followed b}^ the
First Brigade under dashing Gen. George C. Strong, and
they in turn supported at half brigade distance by the
Second Brigade under the gallant Putnam, of the Seventh
New Hampshire, whose soldierly bearing instilled more
courage into his troops, than any officer we ever saw in
the service during the whole period of the war. We shall
never forget the scene. As he sat on his horse, facing
the left flank of his brigade (which was then in column
by company), attired in a cominon soldier's blouse without
straps, he looked every inch a soldier.
As soon as the Second Brigade had passed our outer line
of w^orks, the firing of our batteries and the fleet at once
ceased, and Colonel Putnam deployed his brigade into
column b}' battalions, and the different regiments of the
FIRST SERGT. GILBERT F. DUSTIN,
Co. D.
SERGT. MOSES II. JOHNSON,
Co. D.
^
SERGT. II. F. W. Lirri.K
Co. D(War tiuip).
SERGT. II. F. W. LITTLE,
Co. D, Historian Seventh X. H. Vols. (Peace).
New Ha:mpshire Volunteers. 121
brigade closed up to less than half distance. So narrow
was the neck of land between our advanced works and
Fort Wagner, that, small -as was our regiment in numbers,
only six companies could dress in line, and consequently
four companies had to march eii echelon to the rear. Then
as if aroused from sleep Fort Wagner opened its batteries.
Its heavy siege guns, howitzers, and forty-tvvo-pounders
poured a fearful cross fire of grape and canister upon the
narrow neck of sand along which the crowded columns of
the storming party must advance, while the profile of the
parapet of Fort Wagner was outlined against the dark
thunder clouds rising behind, b}' the sparkling fire of the
rifles of the garrison, who, secure in their immense bomb-
proof during the long hours of the bombardment, had
sprung to the parapet upon its cessation, to repel the ex-
pected assault. Besides the storm of iron hail from Forts
Wagner, Sumter, and Moultrie, and Battery Gregg, all
the batteries on James Island were throwing shells and
shrapnel, and the nearer ones grape and canister, work-
ing their guns for all the}- w^ere worth, plowing wide
swaths through our ranks, which, however, were quickly
closed. For a moment the brigade was halted, at the mo-
ment that the regiment under Shaw, and the First Brigade
struck the enemv-'s picket line — which time the writer of
this occupied in placing a tourniquet upon one of the men
in Compan}^ D, Hinckley D. Harris, by name, whose
right leg was badly shattered at the knee by a grape-
shot, and we had barely time to affix the instrument, the
grape and canister in the meantime splashing the water
into our faces ; for the left of the regiment then stood in
the edge of the marsh on the left of the narrow neck of
land, and the water was a toot deep or more where we
stood — when we heard the ringing command, " Forward,"
from Colonel Putnam, who was ever on the alert to have
his brigade on time ; besides which we distinctly remember
122 History of the Seventh Regiment
the order given b}^ Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott, which was,
" Seventh New Hampshire, keep closed on the colors."
Springing to their feet the line pushed on into a storm
of shot that seemed to fill the air like the drops of a
summer shower, x^fter that it was hard to know or hear
any command, as there was such a noise from the shells
and guns, together with the shrieks and cries of the
wounded. All this time it was growing darker, and upon
nearing the coveted works we went in on the double-quick.
We passed their outer works and opened to let the rem-
nant of the First Brigade with Shaw's broken battalion
pass through on their way to the rear, for they had nobly
borne the first shock, their onset being so fierce and heavy
that they were badly shattered, and the Second Brigade
had the front.
Closing up as well as possible the regiment reached
the ditch, a trench with sloping sides, some fifty feet in
width, five in depth ; and for the whole length of the south
front waist deep in water and soft mud, though at the
southeast angle and along the sea front it was dry. This
ditch was enfiladed by heavy howitzers, which kept up
a constant fire of grape and canister, and the sides and
angles of the fort and the ditch itself were covered wnth the
dead and wounded. In the angles of the ditch especially
we noticed they lay piled one upon another, and there was
no chance to get down into the ditch without climbing
over these bodies.
Before starting on this charge Colonel Putnam directed
that the cap should be removed from the rifies, as our de-
pendence must be on the bayonet should we come to fight-
ing. In the regiment just behind us (the One Hundredth
New York), this order was neglected, Colonel Dandy say-
ing that his men never fired without orders, a statement
sadly and signally disproved within an hour. The right
of the regiment crossed the ditch near the southeast angle.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 123
and found a small portion of the First Brigade on the para-
pet near that angle ; the companies on the left tinding the
ditch in their immediate front impassable, crowded around
to the riirht, and crossed the ditch near the same ancjle,
while the four companies en echelon, passed clear around
the right, and some of them scaled the parapet of the fort
upon its sea face. The next regiment in our rear (the One
Hundredth New York) came promptly up to the ditch and
in the darkness, which was only lighted up by the flashes
of the guns, saw the parapet covered with men, and sup-
posing them to be Confederates, fired into them, undoubt-
edly killing and wounding many of our men. As it had
now become ver}- dark we could only see our way when
the flashes of the rebel guns which sw^ept the moat, lit up
the ghastly scene for a moment only, but at short intervals.
But we mounted the parapet of the fort, only to find that
the stronghold was so constructed as to be almost impreg-
nable ; and some mistake or delay in giving orders to
General Stevenson, prevented the Third Brigade coming
to our aid. It was now nearly 10 o'clock.
We had already driven the rebel gunners from some of
the nearest guns, but only to find that other guns which
we had not seemed to find in the darkness, swept the trav-
erses. After waiting for reinforcements, and holding
the whole southern face of the stronghold until it was im-
possible to stop longer, our ranks having become so badly
thinned and broken, we retired in as good and quick order
as possible under the circumstances, for it was about as
difficult to pfet back as it was to (jo on. Therefore, after
some skillful engineering, as we thought, to escape the
missiles thrown after us, the remnant of our brigade re-
ported at our outer line of entrenchments where we found
the Third Brigade drawn up in line to resist any sortie the
enemy might make, and leaving on the field behind us
and at the fort upwards of six hundred of our brave com-
124 History of the Seventh Regiment
rades, among them our heroic brigade commander, who
was shot through the head and instantl}- killed on the
parapet.
The loss of the Seventh New Hampshire in this assault
was two hundred and sixteen killed, wounded, and miss-
ing, and of this number eighteen were officers, eleven of
whom — including our gallant and beloved colonel — were
either slain outright or mortally wounded and left in the
enemy's hands.
After crossing the ditch all regimental action ceased,
and each action seemed an individual one, and will be best
illustrated by quoting from the narrative of Adjt. Henry G.
Webber, who says : " Crossing the ditch at or near the
southeast angle, I found mvself, on reachincj the crest of
the parapet, in a corner where the bomb-proof, rising some
six feet higher than the parapet, afforded a protection in
front from the enemy's fire, and crowded upon the parapet,
the slope of the bomb-proof, and in the corner were one or
two hundred men from all the regiments in both brigades,
among whom the few that I could make out as beloncring
to the Seventh New Hampshire were scattered. It was in
\'ain that I tried in the tumultuous crowd, to get them to-
gether. All was wild uproar, with the groans and cries
of the wounded : men calling for their officers, officers
calling for their men, and many in wild excitement yell-
ing with no apparent object but to add to the confusion.
Captain Brown, of Company K, stood upon the bomb-
proof, trying in vain to excite some men to follow him.
Captain Rollins, of Company F, Lieutenants Knowlton
and Bennett, of Company D, had all crossed at the same
point, and no two men who stood together belonged to the
same company, if by chance to the same regiment.
Colonel Putnam, delayed by his horse being shot from
under him, now appeared upon the fort, and ordered an
attempt to charge and silence one of the guns that flanked
New Hampshire Volunteers. 125
the sea face, and still swept the top and sides of the bomb-
proof with grape.
Lieutenant Bennett and myself then joined Captain
Brown upon the top of the bomb-proof, and a few men
moved to follow us. The position of the gun could be
plainly seen in the gathering darkness, by the burning
fragments of cartridges before its muzzle, but right across
the path yawned a wide, deep, black pit — an opening into
the bomb-proof in rear of a seaward embrasure, up from
which came occasional shots. To the left was apparently
a chance to get around, but the road was blocked by a
crowd of men, sitting, lying, or standing ; some disabled
by wounds, some apparent!}' paralyzed by fear. As we
attempted to force a path through them a shell burst in our
midst. Bennett was killed. Brown mortally wounded, and
one of m}- legs went out from under me, and refused duty.
The men fell back and I crawled over the edge of the
bom.b-proof again, among the increasing throng of wounded
and dying, to see how much I was hurt, and was relieved
to find it more of a bruise than a wound, from which the
numbness soon began to pass away.
" Colonel Putnam went up on the bomb-proof, and endeav-
ored to get up a charge, but in vain ; after which, drawing
his men into the crowded corner of the fort, he endeavored
to hold out until reinlbrcements, tor which he had sent,
should arrive. The enemv made one charge upon us, but
were driven back b}' our tire. Shortly afterwards a ball
through the head stretched Colonel Putnam among the
slain, just as he had announced to Captain Rollins his de-
termination to hold out to the last. Major Butler, Sixty-
seventh Ohio, Captain Rollins, and myself, were now the
only officers left, and the small tbrce of men was woefully
thinned, while the dead and dying were piled over the
small space we held.
126 History of the Seventh Regiment
" So long a time had elapsed since reinforcements were
sent for, that Major Butler began to tear that the officer
who was sent had failed to cross the belt of tire that still
swept the outside of the ditch, and expecting a charge
every moment, to which our small force could oppose but
feeble resistance, he at last gave the order to retreat, and
taking a last shot over the bomb-proof, we silently skedad-
dled toward our lines."
Five officers fell before reaching the moat which sur-
rounded the work. Of the line, Captain Brown and Lieu-
tenants Cate, Baker, Bennett, and Bryant, fell dead on or
near the w^orks. Captain Leavitt lived until he reached
Charleston. Captain House died of his wounds in Octo-
ber, and Lieutenants Davis and Worcester died on board
transports, after they were exchanged. All other wounded
officers recovered. It is an historical fact that in this
assault the Seventh New Hampshire lost more officers
than any other regiment in any one engagement during
the war.
General Strong and Colonel Chatfield, of the Sixth
Connecticut, had fallen mortally wounded near the fort,
while leading the First Brigade, and General Seymour was
severely wounded by a grape-shot, while the Second Brig-
ade was moving up, and was obliged to leave the field.
Had the Third Brigade come to the assistance of the Sec-
ond Brigade on the evening of the assault on Fort Wag-
ner, and sent two of its regiments around the sea front of
the fort to the rear of that stronghold, the Union forces
would have taken the fort and its garrison ; and instead of
smashing two good brigades upon the fortified front ot
such a formidable earthwork, a portion of one of the bri-
gades engaged, would have been sufficient to hold the
front while two good regiments passing around the work
to the rear, which was almost wholly unprotected, and
which movement would have been a feasible one, would
New Hampshire Volunteers. 127
have successfully terminated the assault. Why our gen-
eral othcers who had the advantage of a military education
should have seemingly overlooked the advantage of such
a movement is not clearly comprehensible. Even noted
Confederate authorities seem never to have given a thought
to the accomplishment of such a movement, which could
have been easily made, and the long and arduous siege
and consequent loss of life have been averted. Such a
movement would also have shown conclusively the fault of
construcdncr a formidable earthwork with the rear almost
wholly unprotected.
The morning of the 19th was Sunda}-, and an inspection
of the troops upon the island was ordered, and only nine
officers and two hundred and fifty-eight men appeared on
the line of the Seventh New Hampshire as present for
duty.
Company C had lost every commissioned officer. First
Lieut. Virgil H. Cate had onl}- lately been exchanged and
returned to the regiment, and was acting aide-de-camp to
Colonel Putnam. Second Lieut. Andrew J. Lane was
killed before reaching the fort. Of the two hundred en-
listed men who were either killed, wounded, or missing, I
desire to speak in particular, because without them where
would the glory and fame of our regiment have been?
Good, f ait Ji fill, brave men and tried even unto death.
They were of the best we had. Their memory we shall
ever cherish, and as we recall the faces and pronounce the
names of those comrades who were missing on that event-
ful evening of July 18, 1863, we find they were men w^hom
we would have chosen for an}- emergency. First Sergts.
Gilbert F. Dustin, of Company D ; Alexander S. Stevens,
of Company E ; Thomas F. Meader, of Company F ;
Charles C. McPherson, of Company I : and Jacob W.
West, of Company G, who died of his wounds August 5,
" went in to stay,"' and the loss of these five first sergeants
128
History of the Seventh Regiment
was sadly felt by the companies to which they belonged.
Only a few, a ver}^ few of oui* wounded men ever came
back to us. Nearly all of our missing comrades proved
to have been either killed or wounded and died in rebel
hands. The squad of men who were captured from Com-
pany D, at St. Augustine, Fla., had been returned but a
short time to the regiment, and some of them were that
evening either killed or again captured. At least no tid-
ings ever came of them. Every company had its list of
killed and wounded, and scores of New Hampshire homes
went into mourning for those who never returned.
The men who were wounded were generally found to
be seriously so, making it very much the worse for them,
as it was impossible to get those badly wounded comrades
back to our lines ; and as we were compelled to retreat on
the double-quick, those who had not been able to get back
by their own etlbrts, and those who were left near the
rebel works had to be left to the mercy of rebel hands.
CD
\\( I/O
I-20 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER XI.
the siege of fort WAGNER, REGULAR APPROACHES
BY ZIG-ZAGS AND PARALLELS. HEAVY BREACHING
BATTERIES ERECTED FOR REDUCING FORT SUMTER.
SHARPSHOOTERS EMPLOYED IN THE TRENCHES ON
BOTH SIDES. OUR RATIONS. ANNOYING FIRE FROM
FORT SUMTER. GENERAL GILLMORE DESIRES TO
OPEN FIRE UPON CHARLESTON, AND A MARSH BAT-
TERY IS CONCEIVED BY COL. EDWARD W. SERRELL,
OF THE FIRST N. Y. VOLUNTEER ENGINEERS. THE
BUILDING OF THE BATTERY FOUND PRACTICABLE.
A PLAN SUBMITTED TO GENERAL GILLMORE, WHO AT
ONCE ORDERED ITS CONSTRUCTION. COMMENCED
AUGUST 2, 1863. THE BATTERY COMPLETED AND
THE FIRST GUN, CALLED THE "SWAMP ANGEL,"
OPENED ON CHARLESTON, ON THE MORNING OF THE
22D OF AUGUST. THE FIRST SHOT FIRED AT I.3O
A. M., THE DISTANCE BEING NEARLY FIVE MILES.
A DETAIL FROM THE SEVENTH ASSIST IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF THE BATTERY. COMPANY H ON DUTY
AT THE MARSH BATTERY WHEN THE FIRST SHOT
WAS FIRED. THE UNTIMELY END OF THE "SWAMP
ANGEL." THE CAPTURE OF THE "RIDGE." FORT
SUMTER IN RUINS. THE HEAVY SIEGE GUNS TURNED
ON FORTS WAGNER AND GREGG, AND THE FORTS AND
BATTERIES ON SULLIVAN's AND JAMES ISLANDS.
OUR SAP AND ZIG-ZAGS REACH FORT WAGNER.
Immediately after the inspection of the 19th, the differ-
ent brigades were assigned camping-grounds in regular
order and as far as could be seen evervthing betokened a
New Hampshire Volunteers. 131
long, heavy siege : the two principal objects being the
besieging of Fort Wagner by regular approaches, and
demolishing Fort Sumter by one hundred, two hundred,
and three-hundred-pounder Parrott rifled guns from the
ground now in our possession.
Our tents were sent over from Folly Island on the 23d
and our knapsacks and other company baggage were sent
a few days later. After getting our camps in good
order, heavy details were at once made and called for each
day for fatigue work and picket duty in tlie trenches, and
large w'orking parties w^ere called for each night. We
began a series of zig-zags and parallels, each additional
one bringing us nearer and nearer Fort Wagner, and
heav}' Parrott guns were mounted and at once commenced
the reduction of Fort Sumter, w4iile other batteries for both
guns and mortars were erected and concentrated their lire
upon Forts Wagner and Gregg. Meanwhile the rebels
kept up a constant lire of small arms from their advanced
works or trenches, and also a heavy fire from the guns of
Forts Wagner, Gregg, and Sumter, and the batteries on
James and Sullivan's Islands. Our routine of dutv was
varied b}' being first detailed on fatigue, then on picket
or support at the trenches, the time being about equally
divided between the camp and trenches. Sharpshooters
were placed in the front trenches on both sides, and many
a comrade lost his life by carelesslv exposing some part of
his body. At times we got tor a change, a detail at un-
loading vessels, down at the point at Lighthouse Inlet, the
cargo consisting of fixed ammunition, rations, etc.
Reinforcements now began to arrive, and the number of
small naval vessels performing blockade dutv was materi-
ally increased. In fact, ue found ourselves disciplined
into the more industrious part of armv tactics, and there
was plenty of work for all.
Our food was as good as could be expected under the
circumstances, and we had everv facility tor cooking that
132 History of the Seventh Regiment
was at this time possible, our fire-wood being all brought
from Folly Island. But our drinking-water was abomina-
ble. Wells were dug in the sand-hills, back away from
the beach, and for curbing we used a pork or beef barrel.
After standing in the well over night the water would be
covered with a thick green scum ; the wells were not
deep, as we rarelv used more than one or two barrels, and
the smell from these wells was sickening — especially after
they had been dug for a number of days — owing, per-
haps, to the too close proximity of salt water; therefore
we were under the necessity of digging a new well every
few days. We found upon trial that a small portion of
vinegar added to a canteen of this water w^as a very good
sanitary precaution besides materially improving it in taste.
The construction of the various fortifications and batter-
ies which General Gillmore now determined to erect upon
the island was given in charge of the First N. Y. Volun-
teer Engineers, under Colonel Serrell, whose officers
superintended the working parties in their difi:erent opera-
tions. A series of night working parties w'ere instituted
by the navy, and several large obstructions were removed
from the main channel at the entrance to the harbor,
among which we noticed a huge chain made of railway
iron, hooked together at the ends by the rails being heated
and turned.
From the sea side of the island, and not far from the
shore, could be seen the turrets of the monitor "Keokuk,"
which the rebels had sunk at one of the first attacks on
Fort Sumter. It was more familiarly known as the
" Wooden Monitor."
. It is an admitted fact that the heavy Parrott guns used
bv General Gillmore might just as well have been brought
to Morris Island a fortnight earlier, mounted, and directed
at Fort Sumter, regardless of Fort Wagner, and both of
those disastrous assaults upon Fort Wagner could have
New Hampshire Volunteers.
133
been avoided. The effective range of these heavy guns
was from four thousand to eight thousand yards, while the
farthest battery used for the reduction of Fort Sumter was
only four thousand two hundred yards distant, showing
conclusively, that the possession of Fort Wagner was not
necessary for the reduction of Fort Sumter.
FORT SUMTER, APRIL, I S6 I .
From the time of our landing on the island an annoying-
fire was kept up by Fort Sumter upon the approaches to
Fort Wagner, both from two Brooke rifles and two mor-
tars, having the range of the neck of land where we were
constructing our different parallels ; the Brooke rifles,
which threw a seven-inch shell, were very annoying, as
they had the range of nearly the whole length of the
134 History of the Seventh Regiment
island, and caused many casualties back among our
camps, about three and one half miles from Sumter.
One of these Brooke rifles was disabled on the fifth day
of the firing, according to Confederate authority on the
15th, this being the one on the southeastern angle of the
fort, while the other, which was mounted on the northern
angle, was afterwards removed with most of the larger
guns of Fort Sumter, atl:er the heavy firing from General
Gillmore's batteries of Parrott guns had so weakened the
fort that they could not be used.
As early as the morning of July 16, while at breakfast,
General Gillmore told Gen. Edward W. Serrell, then
colonel of the First N. Y. Volunteer Engineers, who was
also a noted engineer, of the great desirability of selecting
a position from which fire could be opened upon the City
of Charleston. Colonel Serrell takino- Lieutenant Serrell
of his command and a fourteen-foot board with him,
started across the marsh, and where it was too soft sat on
the board and pushed it forward between their legs. The
day was very hot, making the eftbrt anything but pleas-
ant. In the evening Colonel Serrell reported that he
thought a battery could be constructed in the marsh,
giving the position by bearings. Experiments were made
by the colonel, and on the 2d of August a general plan
for the construction of a marsh battery was submitted by
him to General Gillmore, which received his immediate
approval.
Except the commanding general and a few others in the
army, and those immediately engaged upon it, there is
reason to believe that it was looked upon unfavorably and
its success doubted by many who would now give much to
have their names identified with its history. Until it worked
all right it was called " SerrelTs foolishness."
Examinations continued to be made to find a location
where the erection of a battery might possibl}^ be done with
New Hampshire Volunteers. * 135
less labor and expense, so on ihe 30th of July experiments
were made with a rod of three-quarter-inch iron thirt}'
feet long. In many places this rod would sink of its own
weight ten feet or more, and could then be pushed perhaps
twenty-tive feet, to the bottom, with a man's hand. The
marshes were covered wdth a species of tall, coarse grass,
from four to five feet high. The roots of this grass did not
form a sod, but were very fine and did not grow deep.
At flood-tide the entire marshes were covered, and the
top of the grasses were visible above the water. The
marshes adjacent to jNIorris Island were well interspersed
with creeks, the banks of which, owing to oyster and other
shell deposits, would sustain a man's weight, but let him
attempt to go far from the. creek, and he would become
hopelessly imprisoned. Some idea of the jelly-like con-
sistency of this mud may be conveyed by stating that two
men standing upon a plank could, b}" the proper motions,
make the entire mass beneath them visibly move for several
hundred square yards.
The obstacles w^ere man}' and apparently insurmounta-
ble, but General Gillmore ordered the building of a battery
to be supplied with a .two-hundred-pounder rifled Parrott
gun. His orders were to so mount it that it should be
practicable to protect it and so that it could deliver shells
in Charleston. The public is already familiar with the
story that in the requisition made for labor and material for
its construction, it is said that fifty men were called for,
eighteen feet tall, to work in mud fifteen feet deep.
A causeway of planks fastened to piles was about this
time constructed across the marsh trom our left centre bat-
teries on Morris Island to Block Island, and this was used
as a means of getting to the creek, where boats would be
in waiting for the fatigue or working parties to convey
them to the spot designated for the Marsh Battery, which
was the correct name for the battery to be erected. An
136 History of the Seventh Regiment
experiment was first made to ascertain the sustaining qual-
ities of the mud, by placing a platform four feet square,
composed of three-inch plank, upon the surface where the
proposed battery was to be built, and then placing succes-
sive layers of bags of sand upon it until a pressure of four
hundred pounds to the square foot had been obtained, and
to do this the men had to walk upon boards. This was
left twentv-four hours when it was found there was no sign
of settling and it was again loaded to a height of seven
feet, obtaining a pressure of six hundred and fifty pounds
to the square foot. It then began to lean a little to the
side where the men had stood. Again the sand-bags were
piled on two feet higher, obtaining a pressure of nine hun-
dred pounds to the foot. At this point the whole lipped
over, and strange as it may appear, the platform only sank
about one foot at one corner, and there it cut squareh'
down.
On the 2d of August, General Gillmore ordered the
building of the batter}-, and this after he had been assured
that it would require ten thousand days' work ; men
were at once set at work on Folly Island, cutting down
trees, mostly yellow pines, which were to be towed up the
creek in rafts ; and at the camp of the engineers on Morris
Island, men were put at work filling sand-bags, which
were hidden behind the heavy sand ridges during the day,
and transported by boats at night to the required spot.
Capt. Daniel Eldredge, of the Third N. H. Volunteers,
in his history of that regiment says regarding the building
of the Marsh Battery, " Piling was necessary as one of
the adjuncts, but no pile-driver could be used. The mere
statement of this fact requires temerity, because it has been
told many times that a pile-driver was used (by night, of
course), and cushions put on the bottom of the hammer
and the top of the pile to deaden the noise. Such was not
the case, however, as the piles were driven b}- a method
SEUGT. THOMAS I,A\'GLA\.
Co. D.
SEKGT. JAMES M. I.AMOS,
Co. D.
COliP. ORLAXnO G. IJUKTT,
Co. D.
CORP. I.EANDER EMERY,
Co. D.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 137
known as forcing. A pile, which in this particular case
was a long, heavy plank, was sharpened at one end and
was then placed upright, sinking of its own weight a short
distance. A long horizontal bar was fastened to this, as
high up as was practicable, the fastening being several
feet distant from the centre of the bar. Then the long end
was pushed upward, after a rope had been attached, and
the short end was fastened to a platform laden with sand-
bags. Then about a dozen or more men pulled down the
long end by the rope, and the pile went down. This was
varied by making the bar fast at the centre, and a group
of men pulling by the ropes at either end of the bar forced
the pile down ; this operation was varied by making the
bar fast at the centre, and forcing the pile down. The
foundadon of this famous batter}- w^as what is termed a
grillage, and was made of large yellow pine logs, crossed
and bolted together, and substantially like a hollow square.
This hollow square was for the purpose of permitting the
gun itself and its platform to rest on an entirel}' independ-
ent foundation, so as not to disturb the battery itselt —
that is, the parapet — when the gun should be tired.
Again, being independent, it will readil}' be seen that
should the gun and its platform sink, it w^ould force up-
ward the parapet, while on the other hand should the par-
apet sink, it would leave the gun and its foundation
undisturbed.*'
The foundation for the gun w^as iirst prepared by laying
down upon the grass itself a thick layer of this same marsh
grass, cut near by, which was thoroughly trampled down
into the mud. Upon this were placed two tarpaulins,
covering the entire space the size of the gun platform, and
upon these was placed about fifteen inches of sand, while
over this were placed three layers of three-inch yellow
pine plank. The lower layer of the pine plank touched
the sand, the middle layer touched the lower layer, and
138 History of the Seventh Regiment
they crossed each other at right angles, both being Liid
diagonally to the line of fire. The upper layer of plank
was laid in the line of tire. The two lower layers of plank
exactly litted the hollow square formed by the grillage of
the parapet, and the ends rested upon a strip spiked to
the sheet piling, upon the inside and entirely around the
square.
Under the grillage of logs forming the foundation of the
parapet were placed grass and tarpaulins, the same as in
the foundation for the gun, and the interstices between the
yellow pine logs were filled with sand. All bags injured
in the transportation and all other broken bags of sand
were piled within a short distance of the logs, upon the
marsh, and evenly distributed, in order to prevent the edge
of the marsh from rising in case the battery itself should
settle. The parapet was erected upon the grillage of logs
around the foundation of the gun ; the logs being in layers
or groups of six and firmly bolted together, and was com-
posed almost wholly of bags of sand, while the gun plat-
form, gun carriage, and gun itself rested upon the
foundation inside the square tbrmed by the grillage foun-
dation of the parapet.
A causeway was erected from the battery and forming
a junction with the causeway leading to Block Island,
which at flood-tide was under water, and consequently out
of sight of the enemy. This causeway was completed
August 12, and aided very much in approaching the bat-
tery, although we were obliged to march over it in single
file, a distance of nearly a mile.
Many officers and men of the forces stationed on Morris
Island can truly say that they assisted in the construction
of the Marsh Battery. The engineer officers who person-
ally superintended the construction of this battery were
Col. (afterwards General) Edward W. Serrell, now of
New York City : Capt. Charles P. McKenna, Lieut.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 139
Nathan M. Edwards, Lieut. Charles B. Parsons, Lieuten-
ant Hartmann, and Lieutenant Serrell, of the First N. V.
Engineers ; Lieut. A. J. Wadlia, of the Third N. H. Vol-
unteers ; Lieut. William C. Knowlton, of the Seventh
N. H. Volunteers. The work upon the battery had to be
performed wholly at night, and the peculiar construction
involved, required little or no noise : to protect the work-
ing parties from possible attack during the construction a
boom made of heavy logs securely fastened together by
irons, was placed across the mouth of the creek near the
northern end of Morris Island, and was securely anchored
to the adjacent banks ; and a strong force of picket boats
was kept in the creek above the battery and was known
as the Boat Infantry Picket, and it was quite a formidable
force, composed of infantry detailed for the purpose.
The part taken in the construction of this battery by the
Seventh New Hampshire was of the most laborious kind,
and by reference to my diary I tind that on the night of
August 10, a detail for fatigue duty, of about one hundred
men of the regiment, under command of Lieut. William C.
Knowlton, of Company D, was ordered out with arms, and
the writer of this happened to be one of the detail from
Company D, and will never forget how disgustingly muddy
and nasty that job was. x\fter proceeding over the Block
Island causeway to the creek, for the branch causeway had
not then been completed, we embarked in boats, and were
conveyed up the creek, opposite to and about a mile to the
left of Fort Wagner, in the wide marsh between Morris
and James Islands, where we were landed, and were im-
mersed in mud half way to our shoulders. We proceeded
to stack arms, the guns at once disappearing in the sott
mud as far as the middle bands, so that it was by the ut-
most exertion that we could extricate them the next morn-
ing, just before daylight, when we were ordered back to
camp. It was then that we appreciated the recommenda-
140 History of the Seventh Rj^giment
tion of the engineer officer, who, when told to make out his
requisition for what would be needed to establish a battery
at this place, is reported to have made as a part of his
requisition, fifty men, eighteen feet tall, to work in mud
fifteen feet deep. If ever we appreciated height, it was on
this particular occasion, and our tallest men were the sub-
ject of much envy. Here we rolled up heavy pine logs all
night long, the end of a rope being fastened to a stake in
the spot designated for the battery, and the other end of
the rope being passed around the end of the log, there be-
ing a rope at each end. They were rolled into position
by a detail of men at each rope, the logs disappearing in
the mud about as fast as they were hauled in from the
channel ; but after continued exertion, and bv the aid of
numerous sand-bags and planks we established a founda-
tion. We remember the night was ver}- dark and the men
were not allowed to make much noise, and the mud seemed
to be the nastiest mud with which we ever came in con-
tact. About all the clothing we had on was completely
spoiled, but we had assisted in the construction of the
Marsh Battery.
Again, on the night of the 21st of August, Company H
had the honor of supporting this battery ; this being the
night the first gun, more familiarly known among the sol-
diers as the "Swamp Angel," was fired into the City of
Charleston. I can vouch for the statement made by Lieut.
William F. Spaulding, concerning the detail on this night,
as in my diarv I find that the Seventh New Hampshire was
detailed for picket or support for batteries in the trenches
on this particular night. Lieutenant Spaulding in relating
his experience at the Marsh Battery on that night says :
" At this time I was first sergeant of Company H, and
in command of the company. Captain Ames and Lieu-
tenant Farlev beino; either sick or on detached dutv. and
Lieut. John H. Worcester had been killed in the charge
New Hampshire Volunteers. 141
on Fort Wagner, July 18. As we were in the trenches
that night, with the regiment, the field ofiicer of the day
approached my company, asking, ' Who is in command
here?' I saluted, and said, ' I am, sir.' He glanced at my
chevrons and then said, ' Well, sergeant, I want you to
take your company out to the Marsh Battery. If you are
attacked hold your position at all hazards, and I will send
you reinforcements.'
"■ He sent an officer as guide to the landing. From the
shore to the creek, which was quite a distance across the
marsh, we found a causeway about four feet wide, termin-
ating abruptly at deep water. Across the creek was laid
one plank about two teet wide. This we had to cross one
at a time, and as you may well imagine, it was a slow
operation. There w^as no moon, yet it was light enough
to see fairh^ well, but the plank and the water were about
the same color, and we could only get along by sliding one
foot forward and then following it with the other.
"x\rriving at the opposite shore, two logs had been laid
on the marsh side by side, the tops leveled off, and a plank
about a foot wide nailed on each. This continued for a
long distance, and then narrowed down to one plank, and
so continued until we reached the battery, which was said
to be a mile from shore. It took us about an hour to get
there. While going along the single plank some unfortu-
nate man \Aould slip one foot into the soft mud, and then
would occur a few words not fit for women or children to
hear.
'' I remember distinctly upon our arrival at the battery I
burst out laughing, when one of the sergeants asked me
what I was laughing at, I told him what the major's orders
were, ' Hold your position at all hazards and I will send
you reinforcements.' Now, as we had been fully an hour
getting there, if we were attacked we would either drive
the ' rebs ' off or they would gobble us before assistance
142 History of the Seventh Regiment
could get over the creek, three fourths of a mile or more
away. During the night we could hear at intervals, the
splash of oars and voices in low tones, which we knew to
belong to our picket boats. Along in the middle of the
night we heard footsteps coming down the plank walk.
When near enough I halted them and received the coun-
tersign. It proved to be a detachment of artiller}-. They
went right at work loading the gun, and, giving it an ele-
vation of thirty-five degrees, let her go.
" How it made things shake I Qiiite a while after the
shot was fired we could see a bright light resembling ' heat
lightning' in summer-time. Again after quite an interval
would come a faint boom. The light was the bursting of
the shell, the ' boom ' the noise of the explosion, Vthich
traveled so much slower than the light. It must be remem-
bered that the shell had to travel about seventy-nine hun-
dred yards before it reached its destination, the City of
Charleston. Again and again the artillery loaded and
fired that Parrott gun, we infantry' stowing ourselves
wherever we could find a place. The wind, of which there
was but very little, blew from the direction of the city.
Soon there was a big racket in the cit}-. Fire was set in
different places, and we could hear the fire bells ringing and
knew that the shells had done their work well. General
Beauregard charged General Gillmore with using Greek
fire. Whether it was used or not I cannot sa}', but I have
always been of the opinion that something of the kind was
fired.
" How many times the gun was fired that night I do not
know, but it was quite a number. At daylight we were
relieved and returned over our plank road. Once after-
ward I visited the • Swamp Angel " and found the breech
was blown out.*'
During the construction of this battery, a mock battery
was built to the left and front of the Marsh Batterv and
New Hampshire Volunteers. 143
was finished the night of August 21, being made of boards
and grass, under the supervision of Lieutenants Edwards
and Hartmann. of the First N. Y. Volunteer Engineers,
for the purpose of drawing the fire of the enemy, and it
was eminently successful. On the night of the 17th of
August, the Marsh Battery was ready for the gun which
had been brought up the creek on a boat constructed for
the purpose, and Lieutenant Wadlia, of the Third New
Hampshire, and Lieutenant Parsons, of the First N. Y.
Volunteer Engineers, made their preparations to put the
gun in place, having been detailed for this purpose.
The gun was a two-hundred-pounder Parrott, cast at the
West Point foundry, 1863, and was of a class numbered
six. It had upon its muzzle, " W. P. F., No. 6, 1863,
wt. 16.577, A. M." The " A. M.'' means Alfred Mordecai,
the inspector. The foundr}' number of the gun was five-
hundred and eighty-five. The depth of the bore was one-
hundred and thirty-six inches, or eleven and one third feet,
with a diameter bore of eight inches. A large boat about
thirty feet long had been prepared at the Engineer wharf,
near the south end of Morris Island, with heavy planking
over the entire top, and with the necessary " chocks," The
gun itself was prepared for handling, b}* forcing a round
timber into its capacious mouth as a wedge and handle.
Then pieces of timber were strapped around the body of
the gun to bring it up level with the reinforce. It could
then be rolled. An unusually strong platform had to be
constructed over which the gun was rolled to the boat, and
e?:traordinary care was required and exercised in placing
the gun in the exact spot to produce an even keel. The
boat with its valuable cargo was towed to the place of its
destination, where it was kept two days and nights await-
ing the completion of the battery and the requisite landing
place. The gunwale was not more than five or six inches
above the water, and the boat had to be pumped out often.
144
History of the Seventh Regiment
It took one night to roll the gun into the battery, and
one night to mount it, and it was ready for action.
The Marsh Battery was a costly experiment and not an
inexpensive plaything. There was used in its construc-
tion upwards of thirteen thousand bags of sand, one hun-
dred and twenty-three pieces of yellow pine timber of
tifteen to eighteen inches in diameter and forty-five to fifty-
tive feet long, five thousand feet of one-inch boards, eight
tarpaulins each eighteen by twenty-eight feet, ninety-five
. <^
THE MARSH BATTERY '"SWAMP ANGEL.
hundred and sixteen feet of three-inch pine plank, three
hundred pounds of seven-inch and three hundred pounds
of four-inch spikes and nails, six hundred pounds of round
and square iron, and seventy-five fathoms of three-inch
rope. These items do not include causeways, booms, and
other things incidental to the battery, and ninety-one da^'s'
work by engineer otlicers, thirteen hundred and eighty-
four days' work by engineer soldiers, seventy-three hun-
dred and ninety-three days' work by infantry volunteer
regiments, one hundred and seventy-two days' work by
four-horse teams, and ninety-three days' work of boats.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 145
The gun was fired into the City of Charleston for the
first time on the morning of August 22, at about 2 o'clock.
The detail who worked the gun was composed of men
from the Eleventh Maine, under command of Lieut.
Charles Sellmer, now a captain in the Regular Army.
During the building of the battery, while in easy shelling
distance of the forts on James Island, the work was kept
so secretly and quiet that they never got the range, and
there being no working parties there during the daytime
there were no casualties on that score.
Lieut. Charles H. Foster, of Company K, Eleventh Me.
Volunteers, in an article on the " Swamp Angel," says :
" I took no part in building the sand-bag redoubt, but I
was there when the first shot was fired and all the time the
gun was fired. Lieut. Charles Sellmer, of the Eleventh
Me. Volunteers, which regiment was then at Fernandina,
Fla., was ordered to report to General Gillmore, then on
Morris Island, S. C, with a detail of forty men from his
regiment, to serve as artillerists. We reported as directed,
and were placed for a time with the Third R. I. Heavy
Artillery Volunteers, serving the siege mortars shelling
Fort Wagner. When the " Swamp Angel" was in posi-
tion, Lieutenant Sellmer was ordered to take as many of
his men as he needed, take his shells on board a boat, and
go to the Marsh Battery. The powder was in eighteen-
pound bags, such as was used in guns of that calibre, only
we were ordered to use eighteen instead of sixteen pounds,
which was the regular charge. Some of the men went in
the boat with the shells, while the rest took a plank w^alk
that had been constructed, and with a charge of powder
under each arm, we found our way to the place where the
" Swamp Angel " gun was. Lieutenant Sellmer had visited
the battery during the day and therefore knew the route,
but the rest of the men did not move until after dark. The
plank walk was partially under water so we were obliged
10
146 History of the Seventh Rp:giment
to get there while the tide was down. Upon our arrival at
the battery we fought mosquitos until the time set to open
upon Charleston, and at the appointed time we sent our
compliments to the commander of the city.
" We loaded the shells with what was said to be Greek
fire, but I do not think it amounted to much. It was said
at the time, that we started quite a fire, but we were not m a
position to see, owing to our location. The gun was a two-
hundred-pounder rifled Parrott, and was fired at an eleva-
tion of thirty-five degrees. It was mounted on an iron
carriao-e, and at ever}' discharge of the gun the whole re-
doubt would shake like a quagmire. I do not remember
the number of shots we fired that night, but we fired until
the battery had to be shut down for repairs, and as all work
had to be done at night we did not get an opportunity to
shell them again until the night after. The " rebs " did not
cret anv range of us the first night. They shelled us from
the batteries on James Island, but their shots went wide of
the mark. The next day they shelled the place, but as
no one was there, of course no one got hurt. When we
opened fire the second night they had our range pretty
w^ell, so that their shells came uncomfortably near, but they
did us no harm. We had an accident of our own which
hurt one man seriously, and all of us some. The man
W'hose duty it was to bring along the cartridges, or bags of
powder, was standing on a plank behind the gun, which
was placed there in order to keep us out of the water at
high-tide, and at the command "Fire !" given by Lieuten-
ant Sellmer, he at the same time wishing to know what
time it was, stood with watch in hand, so as to see by the
flash of the gun when it was discharged. When the lan-
yard was pulled the breech of the gun flew off, and in its
course struck the plank about midway, and the man was
thrown out in the swamp a hundred feet or more ; he was
thrown quite high in the air. If it had been hard ground
New Hampshire Volunteers. 147
where he fell he would have been killed, but he went into
the mud and swamp grass. He was badly shaken up but
no bones were broken. He was in danger every minute
from the rebel shells, but we found him, by his outer}',
and rushed out in the marsh as fast as we could after him,
and soon had hnn again in the battery."
The gun was only fired nine times on the morning of the
22d, and was not fired again until the night of the 23d,
when it burst at the thirty-sixth round, blowing off its
breech, the break being a little to the rear of the vent.
The reinforce remained substantially intact, which under
the circumstances was a very singular occurrence. The
gun was fired very slowly, and the elevation at the time of
bursting was only thirty-one degrees, thirty minutes, and
was fired but once at an elevation of thirty-five degrees.
The gun was thrown forward upon the parapet, and
was afterwards buried under the sand-bags of the parapet.
The range was taken by triangulation, the steeple of St.
Michael's church was the objective point, and nearly all
the shells fired from this gun fell in that vicinity, which
was calculated to be seventy-nine hundred yards distant.
As to the correctness of the statement that Greek fire
was used in loading the shells, Gen. J. W. Turner, then
chief of artillery, and now of St. Louis, Mo., says in his
report, " Both incendiar}- shells and shells filled with
Greek fire were used. The latter worked very poorly,
nearly every one prematurel}' exploding; and it is not de-
termined whether any shells containing Greek fire ever
reached Charleston." However, it is a noted fact that the
people of Charleston were very much alarmed, steam
whistles sounded, bells were rung, and fires were started
in the city. After the destruction of the " Swamp Angel "
no gun was mounted there for some time, but two ten-inch
sea-coast mortars were placed there and were used in sub-
duing the fire from the batteries on James Island, and
148 History of the Seventh Regiment
particularly from a gun called the " Bull of the Woods."
These mortars were called the " Marsh Hens." Later on
a gun was mounted at the battery and was used until the
end of the war in firing upon the James Island batteries,
but the only recognized " Swamp Angel" was the particu-
lar gun which was first mounted at the Marsh Battery, and
was fired upon Charleston. After the war a foundryman
bought what old iron he could crather from Morris Island,
and his collection included the '"Swamp Angel," which
was identified by someone cognizant of its history, and it
was purchased by citizens of Trenton, N. J., where it had
been carried, who caused it to be properly mounted upon
a substantial pedestal at the junction of Perry and Clinton
streets, where it stands to-day, an ornament to the city and
the pride of its citizens. The broken breech is held in
place by a long bolt extending from it to the mouth of the
gun, and the pedestal has two tablets upon which is in-
scribed a history of the gun.
During this time work upon the batteries upon Morris
Island had been going steadily forward. As the siege
progressed new batteries were continually being con-
structed, and one battery of heavy guns was kept in reserve
for Fort Wagner, one for Fort Gregg, another for Fort
Sumter, and others for the torts in the harbor and on the
surrounding islands, and an occasional shot was sent to-
ward the small steamers that would occasionally venture
down toward Fort Sumter. On the evening of August 4,
Capt. Lewis S. Payne, of the One Hundredth N. Y. Vol-
unteers, was captured, together with ten non-commissioned
officers and privates of his regiment, after a brisk skirmish
with the pickets of the enemy near the mouth of Vincent's
Creek, at a place known as Payne's Dock, where the cap-
tain, who was known as a daring scout, had established a
picket post, which was about fourteen hundred feet west
of Fort Wagner. Of the number captured, the captain
New Hampshire Volunteers. 149
and four non-commissioned officers and privates were
wounded, one mortally.
The routine of duty had at this time become very severe,
and the regiment was ordered out nearly every other
night, either on fatigue or guard at the trenches. August
18, the regiment was stationed in the trenches at the front
and were under a heavy fire, and lost one man killed and
four wounded. On the 19th, a three-hundred-pounder Par-
rott was mounted in one of the batteries on the left, and
while being fired at Fort Sumter, had about three feet of
its muzzle blown off, caused by the premature explosion of
a shell, and as the break was nearly square across the
piece it was chipped with cold chisels and again used with
no apparent disadvantage to the gun. The three-hundred-
pounder required a little more elevation, to attain the same
range, than the two-hundred-pounder, but was more accu-
rate. It was mounted on an iron carriage with a centre-
pintle chassis, and worked with great ease. Steps w^ere
cut in the parapet upon which Nos. i and 2 men mounted
to load. The projectiles were carried on hand-barrows.
After the muzzle had been blown off and repaired, the gun
was fired three hundred and seventy times ; but subse-
quently, it was completely disabled by continued prema-
ture explosions of shells near the muzzle. It also gave
great trouble before it was got into position. It had to be
transported more than a mile from the dock through deep
sands and across semi-marsh overflowed by the tide. It
broke down three sling-carts, and was about a week on the
way, and in the daytime it was covered with brush and
weeds to conceal it from the enem}-. In one day it threw^
fifteen thousand pounds weight of metal. The same work
of destruction which it could perform in one day required
three or four days on the part of the one-hundred and two-
hundred-pounders, and its immediate effect upon Fort
Sumter was terrific.
i^o History of the Seventh Regiment
e
We had now eight distinct batteries, commencing on th
right and running around to the left of the island.
Batte7-y Brozvn. — On right of the second parallel, near
the beach ; distance from Fort Sumter, 3,516 yards. Arm-
ament— Two two-hundred-pounder Parrott rifles. Gar-
rison— Company I, Third R. I. Heavy Artiller}^ under
command of Capt. Charles G. Strahan.
Battery Rosccrans. — Near left of second parallel ; dis-
tance from Fort Sumter, 3,447 yards. Armament — Three
one-hundred-pounder Parrott rifles. Garrison — Company
M, Third R. I. Heavy Artillery, and a detachment of the
One Hundred and Seventy-eighth N. Y. Volunteer In-
fantry, under command of Capt. J. J. Comstock, Jr., of
the Third R. I. Heavy Artillery.
Battery Meade. — Near left of second parallel, in front
of Battery Rosecrans ; distance from Fort Sumter, 3,428
yards. Armament — Two one-hundred-pounder Parrott
rifles. Garrison — Detachments from the Third R. I.
Heavy Ardllery, the One Hundredth N. Y. Volunteers,
and the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth N. Y. Volun-
teers, under command of First Lieut. Henry Holbrook,
and after his death b}^ First Lieut. A. E. Green, Third
R. L Heavy Artillery.
XavaJ Battery. — Centre of first parallel, two hundred
yards north of the Beacon House : distance from Fort Sum-
ter, 3,980 yards. Armament — Two two-hundred-pounder
Parrott rifles and two eighty-pounder Whitworths. Gar-
rison— Detachments of sailors from the U. S. frigate
"Wabash," under Commander Foxhall A. Parker, U. S.
Navy.
Battery Hays. — On creek, three hundred and twelve
yards west of Beacon House ; distance from Fort Sumter,
4,172 yards. Armament — One two-hundred-pounder Par-
rott rifle. Garrison — Detachments of Company D, Third
R. L Heavy Artillery, under command of Capt. R. G.
Shaw, of that regiment.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 151
Battery Row. — On creek, one hundred and thirty-five
yards west of Battery Hays, in sand ridge ; distance trom
Fort Sumter, 4,272 yards. Armament — One two-hun-
dred-pounder Parrott rifle, and two one-hundred-pounder
Parrott rifles. Garrison — Company H, Third R. I.
Heavy Artillery, and a detachment of the One Hundred
and Seventy-eighth N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, under com-
mand of Capt. A. W. Colwell, Third R. I. Heavy Ardl-
lery.
Battery Stevens. — Immediately to the left of Battery
Reno ; distance from Fort Sumter, 4,278 yards. Arma-
ment— Two one-hundred-pounder Parrott rifles. Garri-
son— Detachments of Company C, First U. S. Artillery,
and Seventh Conn. Volunteer Infantry, under command
of First Lieut. James E. Wilson, Fifth U. S. Artillery.
Battery Strong. — Immediately to the left of Battery
Stevens ; distance from Fort Sumter, 4,290 3'ards. Arma-
ment— One three-hundred-pounder Parrott rifle. Garri-
son detachment of the Seventh Conn. Volunteer Infantry,
under command of Capt. S. H. Gray, of that regiment.
In the aggregate there were at this time in position, two
eighty-pounder Whitvvorths, nine one-hundred-pounder
Parrotts, six two-hundred-pounder Parrotts, one three-
hundred-pounder Parrott, and eighteen rifled guns, of
the heaviest calibre, throwing a ton of metal on an aver-
age at each discharge. These were the heavy siege bat-
teries erected for the purpose of assisting the navy in the
reduction of Fort Sumter. Beside all these we had our
coehorn mortars, and our twenty and thirty-pounder Par-
rott rifles which we had used on Folly Island.
At 5 o'clock on the morning of the 17th commenced the
first heavy bombardment of Fort Sumter by the land forces,
which terminated after seven days' firing in the demoli-
tion of the fort, although it w'as not wholly silenced until
September i, or until the end of the sixteenth day, but at
the end of the seventh day Fort Sumter was eflectually
152 History of the Seventh Regiment
destroyed as far as her ability for defense was concerned.
The cannonade was kept up with the regularity of clock-
work, and Brigadier-General Turner, chief of artiller}', in
his report says, "The precision of fire of the Parrott
rifles was remarkable, probabh' excelling any artillery
ever before brought on the field in siege operations."
The siege operations in the trenches were constantly
retarded by the enem}', whose sharpshooters occupied a
sand-ridge about two hundred and forty yards in front of
Fort Wagner, and Confederate historians say already one
effort to dislodge them had failed, and again another on
the night of the 25th had been unsuccessful. At length a
sudden bayonet charge on the evening of the 26th was
made by the Twenty-fourth Mass. Volunteers, Col. F. Os-
borne commanding, supported by the Third N. H. Vol-
unteers, under Capt. J. F. Randlett. This charge was
so quickly and vigorously made that there was no time for
escape, the lines being only some twenty-five or thirty
3'ards apart at one point, and the larger part of the picket
force, about seventy, were taken prisoners. They belonged
to the Sixt3^-first N. C. (Confederate) Regiment.
The rebel prisoners were obliged to stand there ex-
posed, to prevent the fire of Fort Wagner until our men
had safely entrenched themselves. This at once secured
for us a new and stronger position, which we quickly
proceeded to tbrtify. Now began the most perilous part
of our siege work, which was to be constructed over the
narrow^ strip of the island which lay between the "ridge"
and Fort Wagner, and it became almost impossible to
push forward the sap by day, while the brightness of the
prevailing harvest moon rendered the operation almost as
hazardous by night. Besides the increasing effectiveness
of the artiller}' fire from Wagner, and the more distant
flanking batteries on James Island, the sappers now en-
countered an elaborate and ingenious system of torpedo-
mines, which were to be exploded by persons walking
SERGT. GEORGE F. ROBIE,
Co. D.
LIEUT. GEORGE F. ROBIE,
Co. D.
CHARLES B. DANFORTII,
Co. D.
CAPT. GEORGE ROBERTS,
Co. F.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 153
over them. Sixty loaded shells and water-tight kegs of
two gallons capacity had been so placed since the second
assault on Fort Wagner. Six were exploded by the sap-
pers, with twelve casualties. In order to effectually silence
Fort Wagner at this time — as the guns from that fort, to-
gether with one mortar, were very annoying to the ap-
proaching sappers — General Gillmore on the morning of
September 5, concentrated upon this stronghold the fire of
one three-Kundred-pounder Parrott rifle, four tvvo-hundred-
pounder Parrott rifles, nine one-hundred-pounder Parrott
rifles, ten thirty-pounder Parrott rifles, together with the
fire from seventeen mortars, as these guns and mortars
could be spared from the bombardment of Fort Sumter,
that fort having been rendered whollv useless as a work
of defense for the enemy.
A desultory fire was still kept up at the same time from
other guns upon the ruins of Fort Sumter, in order that no
repairs should be made. A very powerful calcium light
was stationed at the left of the second parallel and was
used with success in illuminating the parapet and higher
parts of Fort Wagner, and was largely the means of pre-
venting any considerable repairing of the damages done
during the day. It gave the gunners at our batteries a
chance to plainly see the fort, and also a chance to eflec-
tually prevent working parties from making the much
needed repairs ; in attempting to make these repairs, on
the night of September 5, the Confederates admit a loss
of eighty men killed and wounded. This light was also
used on Fort Sumter, that our gunners working the bat-
teries by night might better see the objective point fired
at, while the enemy could see nothing but a small bright
light, ver}' dazzling to look at.
During the pending siege operations many promotions
had taken place in the regiment to fill the vacancies made
b}' those of our officers who had been killed in the second
assault upon Fort Wagner, or who had died from the effects
154 History of the Seventh Regiment
of wounds. Among the field and staff, Lieut. Col. Joseph
C. Abbott was promoted to colonel, to date from July 22,
1863 ; Maj. Thomas A. Henderson was promoted to lieu-
tenant-colonel, to date from July 22, 1S63 ; Capt. Augus-
tus W. Rollins, of Company F, was promoted to major, to
date from July 23, 1863; a phj^sician by the name of
Moses S. Wilson, of Salisbury, N. H., was commissioned
as junior assistant surgeon, to date from January 12, 1863,
in place of Asst. Surg. William H. Smart, who had re-
signed November 20, 1862 ; Q^ M. Andrew H. Young
having been promoted to captain and assistant quartermas-
ter U. S. Volunteers, to date from November 25, 1862,
Q^ M. Sergt. George S. Hanson was commissioned to
fill the vacancy, to date from November 26, 1862, and
Private Darius Merrill, of Company D, was promoted to
quartermaster-sergeant, to date from March 12, 1863.
Sergt. Avery Bixby, of Company I, was promoted to prin-
cipal musician, to date from July 3, 1863, in place of Prin-
cipal Musician Hiram S. Clifford, who was reduced to the
ranks and assigned to Company C, and Patrick McKenna,
a musician of Company ¥, was promoted to be principal
musician, to date from July 4, 1863.
In Company A there w^as no change at this time in the
commissioned officers. In Company B, Second Lieut.
George W. Tavlor was promoted to first lieutenant in
place of First Lieut. Ezra Davis, who had died of wounds ;
and Sergt. James A. Cobb, of that company, was promoted
to second lieutenant in place of Taylor, promoted. In
Company C there was a vacancy in each grade of the
lieutenants' commissions. First Sergt. William F. Spaul-
ding, of Company H, was promoted to first lieutenant of
Company C, in place of First Lieut. Virgil H. Cate, who
was killed; and Sergt. Maj. George F. McCabe, of the
non-commissioned staff, was promoted to second lieutenant
in place of Second Lieut. Andrew J. Lane, killed. In
Company D, Sfergt. Charles A. Lawrence, of Company B,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 155
was promoted to second lieutenant in place of Second
Lieut. Alfred N. Bennett, killed. In Company E, Sergt.
Robert Burt was promoted to tirst lieutenant in place of
First Lieut. Timothy Dow, resigned ; and Sergt. True W.
Arlin was promoted to second lieutenant in place of Sec-
ond Lieut. Henry N. Baker, killed. In Company F, First
Lieut. Charles Cain, of Company I, was promoted to cap-
tain of Company F, in place of Rollins, promoted ; First
Sergt. Francis White, of Company K, was promoted to
tirst lieutenant in place of First Lieut. Oliver M. Clark, re-
signed ; and Sergt. William F. Thayer, of that compan}^
was promoted to second lieutenant in place of Second
Lieut. Frank G. Wentworth, resigned. Sergeant Thayer
declined to be mustered, and Sergt. George Roberts was
promoted to second lieutenant instead. In Company G,
First Lieut. Penuel C. Ham was promoted to captain of
that company, in place of Capt. H. B. Leavitt, who died
of wounds ; Second Lieut. Joseph E. ClifTord was pro-
moted to first lieutenant in place of Ham, promoted ; and
Sergt. Joseph A. Jacobs was promoted to second lieuten-
ant in place of Clitlbrd, promoted. In Company H, Sec-
ond Lieut. Charles H. Farley was promoted to first
lieutenant in place of First Lieut. John H. Worcester, who
had died of wounds; and Sergt. Francis Lovejoy was pro-
moted to second lieutenant in place of Farley, promoted.
In Company I, Sergt. Hazen G. Dodge was promoted to
first lieutenant in place of First Lieutenant Cain, promoted ;
and Sergt. Heber J. Davis, of Company K, was promoted
to second lieutenant in place of Second Lieut. Perley B,
Bryant, killed. In Compan}^ K, First Lieut. Leander W.
Fogg was promoted to captain in place of Capt. Warren
E. F. Brown, killed ; and Second Lieut. William A. Hill
to first lieutenant in place of Fogg, promoted ; and Sergt.
George M. Chase, of Company C, to second lieutenant of
Company K, in place of Hill, promoted.
It will be seen by these promotions that there was quite
156 History of the Seventh Regiment
a change in many of the companies, and the men who had
served so faithfully in the ranks made the best of officers,
as a general rule, and in the different companies the va-
cancies among the non-commissioned officers necessitated
the promotion of deserving privates to till the places of
those who had been killed, had died of wounds, or had
been promoted or discharged. Our ranks had now be-
come very much depleted through the losses from killed,
wounded, and missing, and from disease.
Our sappers had now reached a zone of torpedoes
thickly planted and it was with the utmost caution that the
advance could be made. The guns of Fort Wagner were
almost wholly silenced by the vigilance of our sharpshoot-
ers and the terrible bombardment from our fleet and land
batteries. The roar of artillery at times was terrific, and
while Fort Sumter was being pounded to ruins by our
batteries, and Fort Wagner was plied so constantly with
shot and shells as to remain almost wholly silenced, the
severe exposure from the almost constant fatigue and picket
duty, and duty in the trenches performed in the blazing
heat of a Southern midsummer sun. under the constant
fire of the enemy, made the labor alike toilsome, hazard-
ous, and unhealth}^ ; the effect was appalling from the
noticeable increase of the sick-lists of the different regi-
ments on the island, and the lack of fresh vegetables had
undoubtedly much to do with it.
Among the most beautiful scenes to behold upon a dark
night were the mortar battery fights, which were often
witnessed during the siege, when the sky would be filled
with shells from either side, and the fuses so well timed
that they would not explode until they had reached the
level of Mother Earth, the fuses from the shells lighting
up their paths, and giving to the scene the look of a " bat-
tle of comets."
Fort Sumter had now the appearance of a huge brick
structure which had suddenly collapsed, showing a promis-
New Hampshire Volunteers.
157
cuoiis pile of bricks, stones, and rubbish down to the water's
edge. Its guns had all been rendered useless ; it was
held by a small garrison who had constructed bomb-proof
shelters from sand-bags and bales of cotton brought from
Charleston, and but for the flag that floated over it, one
would have thought it vacated. Fort Moultrie and the
batteries on Sullivan's Island, and Fort Johnson and the
batteries on James Island had not been materially dam-
aged, but it was now almost impossible to repair the works
FORT SUMTER AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT.
of either Forts Sumter or Wagner, during the day or night,
owing to the constant firing kept up by our batteries, aided
by the calcium light, when such working parties were dis-
covered. So successfully was this carried out that the Con-
federate commander at Fort Wagner, Col. L. M. Keitt,
reported a loss of about eighty men, killed and wounded,
of the working party alone, on the night of September 5,
and our sappers, though unmolested by the fire of the
work itself, were made to suffer from the long range fire of
the flanking batteries on James Island, until the approach
became so near that the fire endangered the rebel crarrison.
158 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER XII.
EVACUATION OF MORRIS ISLAND BY THE ENEMY. AT-
TEMPT BY THE "REBS" TO DESTROY FORTS WAGNER
AND GREGG A FAILURE. HEAVY FORTIFICATION OF
THE NORTH END OF THE ISLAND BY THE UNION
FORCES. FIRING UPON FORT SUMTER CONTINUED
AT INTERVALS. BOAT ATTACKS ON FORT SUMTER
BY BOTH LAND AND NAVAL FORCES. — UNSUCCESSFUL
ATTEMPT TO DESTROY OUR NAVAL VESSELS. — AR-
RIVAL OF SUBSTITUTES AND CONSCRIPTS. PROMO-
TIONS IN THE SEVENTH. LOSS OF THE MONITOR
"WEEHAWKEN." THE SEVENTH ORDERED TO ST.
HELENA ISLAND, S. C, AND BID FAREWELL TO
MORRIS ISLAND.
A demonstration by boat attack was made on Fort
Gregg b}' way of Vincent's Creek, on the night of Septem-
ber 5, under command of Maj. O. S. Sanford, of the
Seventh Conn. Volunteers, but which was unsuccessful,
owing to unforeseen difficulties. On the morning of the 6th,
the sap was pushed by the south face, and thenceforward
the sappers had nothing to fear, not even from torpedoes ;
but entirely under cover of the east or sea front, they ad-
vanced nearly to the flank of that front, where they fin-
ished their labors and entered the ditch about 10 o'clock
that night. At this time the rebel garrison could not have
a single picket outside of their stronghold, their sharp-
shooters were driven into the fort, and not a gun could be
used or fired by its garrison, and General Gillmore deter-
mined upon a third assault to take place at dawn on the
morning of the 7th. x\s soon as the sap was completed on
New Hampshire Volunteers. 159
the night of the 6th, the forces to be employed in the as-
sault were ordered to the front, and among the other regi-
ments ordered out for this purpose was the Seventh N. H.
Volunteers. Shortly after midnight a deserter came into
our lines with the information that the Confederates had
evacuated the fort, and a few scouts at once ventured to
crawl over the parapet to ascertain if the report was true.
He informed our officers that the}' had retreated up the
island to Fort Gregg, on Cummings Point, about a mile
away, from whence they intended to retreat by boat to
Charleston, after having blown up Fort Gregg ; and he
urged our officers to hurr}- up their assault if they cared to
capture any prisoners. Feeling a little suspicious of the
man. General Terry put him under guard and told him if
his information proved false he would be shot at sunrise.
The deserter expressed his willingness to abide by this,
and the result proved as he predicted.
Five men of the Thirt3'-ninth 111. Regiment volunteered
to go into the fort and ascertain whether or not the infor-
mation given by the rebel deserter was true ; after mak-
ing a thorough investigation they returned and reported
the evacuation to be true, and that regiment at once ad-
vanced and occupied the fort. The Seventh New Hamp-
shire, with other troops, was at once ordered to advance
towards Cummings Point. They were in time to capture
two or three boats containing seventy men, with a lieuten-
ant of the Confederate navy, who had delayed in getting
off by a few moments only. Confederate officers who
rendered their official reports of the evacuation of Morris
Island, mention their loss at that time as two or three
boats and forty-six men.
The remainder of the island was now in our possession,
with the complete armaments of the fortifications, and
our assaultincT column was at once ordered back to their
different camps, leaving a sufficient number of troops to
garrison the evacuated works. It was the intention of the
i6o History of the Seventh Regiment
enemy to blow up the magazines of both Forts Wagner
and Gregg, but the men whom they detailed for that pur-
pose for some reason failed to accomplish their destruction,
either through fear of capture or inefficiency in connecting
their tuse with the magazines in their haste to get away.
When our men had taken possession of Fort Wagner
they began a strict examination of the place, and as soon
as daylight began to appear to enable them to see very
plainly, they found a train of fuse lighted and burning
slowly, which connected with the magazine. The fuse
was at once cut, and all danger from an explosion from
that source was at an end.
At Fort Gregg a fuse connecting with the magazine was
also left burning by the retreating Confederates, but from
some cause it went out or failed to connect; but the guns
were all spiked at both Forts Wagner and Gregg, and un-
successful attempts were made by the Confederate rear
guard to explode or burst all the heavy guns, but for some
reason each attempt proved a signal failure.
TORPEDO -MORRIS ISLAND.
Since the assault on Fort Wagner, July i8, the Confed-
erates had devised several methods of defense. One was
a torpedo buried in the sand in front of the fort, that was
made to explode by stepping upon a small piece of board,
one end of which was on the ground, the other end resting
on the plunger, and so arranged as to explode the torpedo.
To this piece of board was attached a little piece of red
flannel as a w^arnin<j of danger to the Confederates.
New Hampshire Volunteers. i6i
On the morning of the capture of Fort Wagner, a Union
soldier chanced to step upon one of these pieces of board,
exploding the torpedo, which tore off one of his legs, at
the same time throwing him eight or ten feet into the air.
Each side of the ditch or moat, in front of the fort, there
had been placed under water, a line of planks or boards,
and into these sharpened spikes had been driven about
four inches apart, that they might penetrate the feet and
disable the assailants. For those who safely passed the
torpedoes and the spikes, shot, shells, and bullets, board-
ing-pikes had been planted inside the tort to impale the
men if they jumped down into the stronghold. These
boarding-pikes had a handle about eight feet long, a
blade about ten inches long, and a hook on one side by
which a sailor could pull himself up the side of an enemy's
vessel.
Inside the fort the destructive work of our bombardment
was plainly visible on all sides. There was scarcely a
whole piece of board or timber to be seen outside the pro-
tected magazines and bomb-proof. Several of the guns
were dismantled, and others were so buried in the sand
that it would be almost impossible to work them in defend-
ing the fort from an assault. And they had all been spiked
before the evacuation.
In one place seven or eight dead bodies lay torn and
mangled ; in another place the leg and arm of a man lay
kicking around in the dirt, that had apparently been torn
off by the explosion of one of our shells. One man who
was badly wounded had been left by the Confederates.
The last rebel found in this part of the earthworks was a
Frenchman who said that he was in a hole asleep when
the garrison left, and who had made up his mind the day
before to be taken with the fort if possible, and said in his
broken English, " Me fight no more."
i62 History of the Seventh Regiment
Details were at once made for the purpose of changing
the face of the forts, and were at once set at work building
new traverses, and mounting guns to bear upon Sumter,
and the different forts in the harbor, also upon the City
of Charleston, for the occupation of the whole island
brought us much nearer and within easy range of every-
thing about the harbor. We could command the differ-
ent communications b}' steamers about the harbor during
daylight, and, by the use of the powerful calcium light set
on the beach at Cummings Point, we could effectually
command the harbor by night.
During the siege of Morris Island, sharpshooters were
very busily engaged on both sides and played a very im-
portant part in the severe contest for the possession of the
island. When we had reached the second parallel, our
advance forces were very much annoyed by the enemy's
sharpshooters, who occupied pits a little in advance of the
point where our fourth parallel was afterwards established,
being on the highest ground between us and Fort Wagner.
Concealed in these pits trom daylight till dark they lost no
opportunity to effectively demonstrate to our troops the
folly and extreme danger of exposing an}- part of the per-
son. The services of the advance pickets who occupied
our trenches each day and who were ordered to act as
sharpshooters, were very unsatisfactory, for the reason that
onl}^ a small number can generally be found who are ac-
tually what is termed " crack shots," therefore it was de-
termined to organize a special force for this purpose ; con-
sequently a detail was made of some of the best known
marksmen in the different regiments, who were ordered to
report to Capt. Richard Ela, of Company E, Third N. H.
Volunteers, for detached service. These men were taken
out for target practice, each being allowed tive shots, and
were then ordered to report back to their respective regi-
ments. From this detail about sixtv of the best shots were
New Hampshire Volunteers. 163
selected, among whom from the Seventh were Perley Col-
lins, of Company B, Otis A. Merrill and Stephen C.
Price, of Company H. Collins was shot and killed in the
trenches September 2, while on duty as a sharpshooter,
being shot through the head just before dark.
A camp for this detachment was established on the
beach, a short distance above the sand-hills that lined the
lower end of the island, and quite a distance below the
" Left Batteries." The organization was completed on
the 13th of August, and new Springfield rifles and "A"
tents were issued to the company, or detachment, which
was divided into two reliefs for service in the trenches on
alternate da3's, one relief being under the command of
Captain Ela, and the other under command of a lieuten-
ant. The men were obliged to leave camp ver}' earl}- in
the morning in order to reach their places at the front be-
fore da3-light, and could not return until after dark at
night. Each man was required to cany his rations for the
day, and one hundred rounds of ammunition, and gener-
ally disposed of both rations and cartridges before return-
ing to camp. These sharpshooters were stationed in the
advance trenches, and it was their duty, so far as possible,
to keep the enemy's sharpshooters quiet, and silence the
guns in Fort Wagner. To do this was a very dangerous
task and required the utmost vigilance. It was almost
sure death for a man to show his head above the breast-
works, and extra protection was obtained by piling up
coarse gunny bags filled with sand. Loop-holes were ob-
tained at proper intervals by leaving the ends of the lower
bags about two inches apart and then filling up with sand
so as to leave the hole about three inches high. It was
not safe to watch through these holes, and precautions had
to be taken to get into "position," as "darkening" the
loop-hole was sure to draw the fire of the ever watchful
" reb," unless he thought our men were tooling him. The
164 History of the Seventh Regiment
rifles were first placed through the loop-holes at arm's
length and then a cap was placed above the rifle to pre-
vent the " reb " sharpshooter from seeing through. This
would generally draw his fire, and at the same time some
of our men were closely watching for his fire from the
other loop-holes, in order to send a shot back while there
was a prospect of hitting someone. It required consider-
able study to draw the fire of the enemy and at the same
time make it harmless to our men. One of the expedi-
ents was to place a cap on a ramrod and raise it about an
inch above the works over the loop-hole. If it were raised
higher, they knew it was a deception and would not fire at
all. Another way was to place a cap alternately before
the loop-hole and then remove it, in order to make them
think it was a man.
When our sharpshooters occupied the fifth parallel it
was amusing to see the gunners in Fort Wagner attempt
to fire their artillery. The embrasures were filled up with
sand-bags as a precautionary measure, and whenever they
were being removed every sharpshooter was sure to be
notified to be ready, and it often required several attempts
on their part before the piece could be discharged, and
then the embrasure would be quickly refilled with sand-
bags.
When the assault was to have been made on Fort Wag-
ner, on the morning of September 7, the sharpshooters
were to occupy the advance trenches to prevent tlie ene-
my's artillerists from working their guns, while the as-
saulting column was to charge up the beach or sea front
and turn the rear. Before reaching their places at the
front, however, it was learned that the fort had been evac-
uated during the night.
The men detailed for sharpshooters were returned to
their regiments early in October, as their services in that
line were no longer needed. Captain Ela, who com-
,' - - — -;^<^^»^
..^ #»
r^. ■'
,.. ^^v,..
-
1^.^ .
/
I.IHUT. 11. F. W. 1,1 I'ri.E,
GEORGE W. ABBOTT,
C(i. E.
\VAKKK\ K. KlMP.Al.L,
Co. E.
MUSICIAN e;d\vi\ v. pakker,
Co. E.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 165
manded the detachment, was instantly killed at Drury's
Bluti', Va., May 13, 1S64, while leading his company in
an assault on the enem3''s works. The casualties among
the sharpshooters who comprised the detail from the
Seventh was one killed. It was of the utmost importance
to have an organized detachment of sharpshooters, ready
and wholly equal to the occasion, and who could so ably
compete with the sharpshooters of the enemy who had at
times caused the stoppage of our work, and at the same
time had been a great annovance to our gunners and ta-
tigue details, and had materiall}' retarded our advance.
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill, one of the men detailed from
Company H, for the sharpshooters, relates the following
incidents which came under his observation while serving
with them at the front. It will be remembered that this
body of men was made up from the different regiments on
the island, and but few of the men so detailed were from
any one regiment, which brought together a company who
had hitherto been almost wholly unknown to each other.
" There were, I think, three men detailed from the
Seventh Conn. Volunteers to perform some special duty
at the front. One of them was a natural born clown, and
wore a brown felt hat, which he had by some means ob-
tained, the crown of which he had stretched in a con-
ical shape, in imitation of a very tall 'fool's cap.' The
three were sitting on the ground under an awning that
covered some light artillery, near the marsh on the James
Island side of our works, eating their supper, which con-
sisted of hard-tack and coffee, when the Johnnies sent a
ten-inch Columbiad shell over from Fort Johnson ; just be-
fore reaching our works the fuse-plug blew out, preventing
the explosion of the shell, and while it was yet smok-
ing it struck the top of the breastworks that protected the
light artillery pieces, plowed through and rolled between
the men, who, with their backs toward the enem}-, were
i66
History of the Seventh Regiment
enjoying their supper, as only a soldier can, and covered
their hard-tack with sand, tipped over their cotTee, and
stopped on the opposite side of the ditch about eight feet
away from them and a few 3'ards short of where I was
sitting. For a few seconds they were a terrified looking
set of men and seemed immovably fixed, but soon saw
that the smoke did not come from a burning fuse, and then
the clown exclaimed in a moderate way, his eyes still
standing out like peeled onions, while his hair had raised
his hat several inches higher above his red, sun-browned
face, ' Smoke, dam yer, smoke. I don't care half as
much about getting scared as I do about losing my coftee,
and then, if that shell had gone six inches to the right or
left one of us w'ould n't have wanted any more supper, for
it would have taken his appetite all away.'
BOMB-PROOF, MORRIS ISLAND, S. C.
"There was a time about the middle of August, while the
enemy were yet in possession of the ' Ridge,' where was
afterwards constructed our fifth parallel, that they very
vigorously disputed any further advance on our part. This
Ridge was only about two hundred and tbrty yards from
Fort Wagner, and only twenty-five or thirty yards from
our trenches ; the mortar shells trom Fort Wagner and
Sullivan's Island were constantly dropping in our trenches,
and the shells trom their smooth bores and rifled pieces
New Hampshire Volunteers. 167
were continually skimming the tops of our breastworks
and traverses from their batteries in our immediate front,
and a cross-fire from the batteries on Sullivan's Island, and
from those on James Island. Shells from the last named
batteries often struck the traverses and exploded in the
trenches among the men. One day one of the ten-inch
shells exploded about a rod from me on the opposite side
of the trench, while I was in the act of eating my dinner
of salt junk, pickled cabbage, and hard-tack. I immedi-
ately jumped up to seek a place of shelter, and just as I
turned my back on the shell, it burst, burying about one
third of itself in the sand less than a foot above my head,
and at the same time covering my dinner with sand.
I think it was on the same day that another incident
occurred at the same place in the trenches, which I
shall never forget. A corporal belonging to the Fourth
N. H. Volunteers, whose name I do not remember, was
near the top of a traverse about eight feet up from the bot-
tom of the trench, on the lookout for rebel sharpshooters.
It was near sunset and his day's work in the trenches was
nearly done. Fort Johnson on James Island sent a ten-
inch shell over where we were. The charge of pow^der in
the shell blew out the fuse-plug V'/ithout exploding the
shell, and it struck the top of the traverse in front of the
corporal, and striking him, took off both legs a few inches
below the body, one only hanging to the body by a piece
of the skin, and the other by just a little piece of muscle.
He was thrown several feet into the air and fell about ten
feet to the bottom of the trench. His sufferings seemed
terrible to bear but he was perfectly cool and did not for a
moment loose himself. As we quickly gathered around
him, he said, " Get me out of here as quick as you can,
but stop this blood first. Cut the strap of my canteen, it's
right out there, and tie up this leg, cut off that skin, the
leg is of no use. Be quick, I am in awful pain. Tie up
i68 History of the Seventh Regiment
this other leg, quick." All this was done in less than two
minutes, and a stretcher brought to take him to the sur-
geon's bomb-proof in the trenches, but before he reached
there he died."
One of the toughest experiences in the line of drinking-
water on the island, which has ever come to our knowl-
edge, was several times related to the historian b\^ Private
Newell R. Bixby, of Compan}^ I, and was vouched for
by Capt. Joseph Freschl, of that company, both of whom
have been long since " mustered out." It seems that be-
fore we were ordered to move our camps back towards the
south end of Morris Island, and while we were camped
among the sand-hills where some of the rebel camps had
been located, each company at once provided itself with a
well, which in many places only required one pork or
mess beef barrel in depth for a curbing. After these wells
had been dug a short time the water would taste badly,
which necessitated the digcrinor of a new well or the labor
of sinking the old well deeper. After a few days the men
in that compan}- began to find fault with the water, assert-
ing that it tasted and smelled very badly, and as a remedy
they proceeded to sink it deeper. They had removed but
about a foot of the sand at the bottom of the well when
they struck the corpse of a colored man, and the conster-
nation and surprise of the men may well be imagined. The
old well was quickly filled up and a new one dug a long
distance away. It is said that nearly the whole company
went to sick-call the next morning, after learning what
happened to the well, and we believe good old Surgeon
Brown w^ould have been fully justified in issuing the med-
icine straight, and without quinine on that particular occa-
sion, and undoubtedly he did so.
The Requa Batteries, or " IMosquito Batteries" as they
were more familiarl}' known among the men, which were
used during the siege, were placed and used chiefly at the
FRONT VIEW REQLIA BATTERY
REAR \TKW RI'.C^rA I!Airi:R\"
REqUA BATTERY LIMBERED UP.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 169
flanks of lines of works, and consisted of twenty-five
rifled barrels, twenty-four inches long, the bore slightly
larger than that of a rifled musket, arranged horizontally,
on a plane, so as to be loaded at once, the metallic car-
tridges being placed in a steel bar at the proper intervals
to enter the breech of each tube or barrel and this steel bar
was snapped into its place by a lever, which at the same
time fastened the bar which served as a breech-pin to each
barrel, and the muzzles could be diverged or compressed
so as to cover a whole company or a small squad as the
occasion miijht reauire. The bullets used in the cartridges
were conical like those of any rifled musket. These bar-
rels or tubes were mounted on a light iron framed field
carriage, with limber chest, and weighed thirteen hundred
and eighty-two pounds complete. The detail to serve them
consisted of three men, and the machine could be fired
seven times a minute, as they were breech loaders.
Regarding the dead bodies with which our sappers and
miners had to contend, Major Brooks says in connection
with his report as to the lack of earth for the works, " A
very unpleasant feature connected with this lack of earth
arose from the number of dead bodies found in all our ad-
vanced work on the right, particularl}' in the fifth paral-
lel, and immediately in front of Wagner. Ten have been
exhumed in one night. Handling these bodies was very
disagreeable. They were generally in coffins, but many
soldiers, friend and foe, were wrapped in the blanket onl}-,
and others not that. At first we attempted to bury the
bodies away from the works, w^here they would not be dis-
turbed ; but as the siege progressed, the scarcity of earth
compelled a second, and in one case a third disinterment
of the same corpse. After this all bodies were buried in
the parapets of the works, where they lie undisturbed."
Regarding the bodies found in coflins and blankets, it
is presumed that before the occupation of Morris Island by
lyo History of the Seventh Regiment
the Union troops and up to the time of the assault on Fort
Wagner, July iS, the ground covered by the fifth paral-
lel was a burial place tor such of the garrison as were
killed, or died of their wounds, or from disease on the
island, as no cotfins were furnished for the Union dead
who were killed in either of the two assaults on Fort Wag-
ner, as it would have been utterly impossible to furnish
coffins at such a time and in such numbers, and that was
not the Confederate way of burying Union soldiers on such
occasions. They did not even bother with the blankets if
the blanket was worth saving. If our Union dead were
buried with their clothes all on in every case it would be
an unprecedented event of the war. But most of the
Union dead killed in those assaults were buried nearer
Wagner, and the last day and night of the siege opera-
tions the sappers struck man}^ of the bodies just betbre
reaching the ditch, on the right near the beach.
Regarding the disposition of the body of our colonel, H.
S. Putnam, nothing was ever definitely known, although
some evidence has appeared within a few years throwing
partial light upon the subject, providing there have been
no mistakes made. In common with others his body was
probably stripped of everything immediately after the re-
treat of our troops, making it almost an impossibility to
recognize any particular body, especially after being so
thoroughly begrimmed with the dust, smoke, and powder
of battle ; and then lying all night where they fell and into
the next forenoon, the weather being hot, it would not be
very strange, in a hurried search by persons to whom
he was not then personally known, that the wrong body
might be identified ; and despite the strenuous efforts of
his friends, nothing that was upon his bod}' at the time
of death could be obtained. Until recently it had been
supposed that the body, with a few others of the gallant
dead had been removed from Morris Island and buried at
New Hampshire Volunteers. 171
Beaufort, S. C. Recent developments, however, have
perhaps shown that this was in all probability incorrect,
and that Colonel Putnam's body may have been really
buried by an old friend and classmate. Col. R. H. Ander-
son, of the Confederate service, near Fort Wagner, the
morning following the assault. The following is the state-
ment of Colonel Anderson :
" I was not stationed on Morris Island during the late
war, but I visited it on the morning after the assault on
Battery Wagner, during a temporary cessation of hostili-
ties, for the purpose of burying the dead. Upon arriving
in Wagner, an officer, showing me a pair of colonel's
shoulder straps, told me he had cut them off the coat of an
officer who had been identified by a Federal prisoner as
Colonel Putnam, of the Seventh N. H. Volunteers. He
informed me that this officer had been killed, and asked
if I had ever known him in the old army betbre the war.
I replied, 'Yes, that he was my old classmate and friend,'
and begged him to go with me and point out his body.
After some search in the midst of the dead, which almost
filled the ditch in front of the parapet, he pointed out a
body as the one from which he had taken the shoulder
straps. I cannot say that I recognized my friend in the
corpse pointed out, as I had not seen him since we both
graduated in 1S57, at which time he wore no beard, and
the corpse being stripped of all outer clothing, there was
nothing to identify the body as Colonel Putnam's save the
officer's recollection that this was the one from whom he
had taken the shoulder straps after having been identified
by a Federal prisoner as Colonel Putnam. The size, hair,
and complexion of the body pointed out to me agreed with
my recollection of my friend, and believing the body to be
his, I, after some difficulty in obtaining a detail, had it in-
terred near the sea front of Battery Wagner, some yards
from any other body, placing at the head of the grave a
172 History of the Seventh Regiment
shingle on which I fastened a piece of paper, on which I
wrote, ' Col. H. S. Putnam, U. S. A. Buried by his
classmate, R. H. Anderson, C. S. A.' A few minutes
after performing this sad duty I left Morris Island, and
have never since revisited it." It is barely possible that
this might have been the body of Col. Robert G. Shaw,
of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored), who was
killed in the same assault, he being attired in a coat with
shoulder straps. Colonel Putnam was attired in a com-
mon soldier's blouse without straps or anything upon it to
designate his rank ; the only part of an officer's uniform
upon him as he went into the assault was his pants and cap.
After the war, Samuel Putnam, of Cornish, N. H., a
brother of Colonel Putnam, succeeded in obtaining a
field-glass, perfectly intact, and plainly marked " Colonel
Putnam, U. S. A.," through the courtes}' of H. W. Hen-
dricks, of Charleston, S. C, formerly a captain in the
Confederate Army. Captain Hendricks also thinks that
the body buried at Beaufort, S. C, was not that of Colonel
Putnam. He writes :
" After the killing, his body was asked for by flag of
truce. This being granted, his remains, as was supposed,
were carried beyond the Federal lines for interment. It
w^as afterwards discovered that the wrong body had been
procured, too late however to be rectified, inasmuch as
the remaining dead had all been buried. I think the body
taken as that of Colonel Putnam, was taken to Beaufort,
S. C, along with several others and there buried. His
sword I also had and wore until my capture at Ream's
Stadon, on the Weldon railroad in Virginia, where it was
taken from me by an officer in General Hancock's corps.
I wish it was in my power to restore along with his field-
glass, the sword he wore : however, I am gratified at be-
ing able to hand to 3-ou the only reminder of the gallant
services of the dead soldier, which was in ni}- possession."
New Hampshire Volunteers. 173
It is pleasing to note the touches of good feeHng, and
the many friends and comrades of the late Colonel Put-
nam will most truly appreciate the kindly act of Colonel
Anderson, who thus remembered his friend and classmate,
and so tenderly performed the last sad rites over the sup-
posed body of the honored dead. To Captain Hendricks,
his family and friends will ever feel grateful for the resto-
ration of the trophy, made the more sacred by its associa-
tions with the departed and which is now placed in the
hands of those whose pride it is to hold in high esteem the
soldier's sacrifice to his country's cause.
Bernard McElroy, who belonged to Company A, was
the colonel's orderly, and was constantly near him and
should have been able, above all others, to identify the
body, if such a thing had been possible, alter the assault
and at the time of the flag of truce ; but as Mac has long
since " passed over the river," further information upon
that point has, we fear, been forever lost. Mac went into
the charge with him, but was sent back with the colonel's
saddle, as his horse w^as shot from under him soon after
leaving our lines, the colonel doing the rest of the assault
on foot.
The recollection of his exemplary life and heroic death
will ever be sacredly cherished by kindred and friends,
and the thousands of soldiers who have served in his com-
mand, and especially by the officers and men of the old
Seventh whom it was his fortune to personally command.
In his death the Union Army lost one of its best and bravest
commanders.
174 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTHR XIII.
evacuation of morris island by the enemy. AN
ATTEMPT BY THE CONFEDERATES TO DESTROY FORTS
WAGNER AND GREGG A FAILURE. HEAVY FORTIFI-
CATION OF THE NORTH END OF THE ISLAND BY THE
UNION FORCES. FIRING UPON FORT SUMTER CON-
TINUED AT INTERVALS. BOAT ATTACKS ON FORT
SUMTER BY BOTH LAND AND NAVAL FORCES. UNSUC-
CESSFUL ATTEMPT OF THE ENEMY TO DESTROY OUR
NAVAL VESSELS. — ARRIVAL OF SUBSTITUTES AND
CONSCRIPTS. PROMOTIONS IN THE SEVENTH. LOSS
OF THE MONITOR " WEEHAWKEN." THE SEVENTH
ORDERED TO ST. HELENA ISLAND, S. C, AND BID
FAREWELL TO MORRIS ISLAND.
Durino- the month of August the Seventh had been bri-
gaded with the Tenth Connecticut, Twenty-tburth Massa-
chusetts, and One Hundredth New York, which was styled
the Third Brio-ade, and was under the command of Col.
Joseph R. Hawley, of the Seventh Connecticut. At that
time there were five brigades on the island, besides eleven
batteries of artillery and a detachment of the Eleventh
Me. Infantrv, and a detachment of the First Mass. Cav-
alry and the First N. Y. Engineers. These brigade
formations had not been changed at the time of the evacu-
ation of Morris Island by the enemy. Late in the evening
of the 6th of September, the following order from General
Gillmore was issued for the purpose of carrying Fort
Wagner by assault at the hour of low tide, on the following
morning, that hour being selected in order to give our
New Hampshire Volunteers. 175
forces the use of the broad beach for the assauking col-
umn to move upon :
Department of the South,
Headquarters in the Field,
Morris Island, S. C, Sept. 6, 1863.
Special Order No. 513.
I. Fort Wagner will be assaulted at 9 a. m. to-morrow,
the 7th inst., by troops to be designated by Brigadier-Gen-
eral Terry, who will command in person. The artillery
fire upon the work will be kept up until the troops mount
the parapets, and will cease at a given signal. The as-
sault will be in three columns, as follows : First, a col-
umn of two small regiments of picked troops will debouch
from the advanced trenches, mount the parapet of the sea
front and the bomb-proof and the traverses, spike the guns,
and seize and hold the sally-port; Second, a column of
one brigade, drawn up right in front in the trenches, in
rear of the first column, will debouch upon the beach by
regiments, pass the sea-front of the fort, file sharp to the
left and mount the parapet of the north and west faces,
regiment after regiment, as they gain the requisite dis-
tances ; Third, a column of one brigade, left in front,
will follow behind the second column, and deploy across
the island in rear of Fort Wagner, facing Cummings
Point, with skirmishers well out in the front.
n. The guards of the trenches will be held in reserve
at their appropriate stations. The balance of the infantry
force of General Terry's command will be kept under
arms from and after 8 o'clock in the morning, near the
Beacon House. The batteries of field artillery will be
ready for action near the Lookout.
Q. A. GiLLMORE,
Brigadier- General Covniianding.
Edw. W. Smith,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
General Gillmore further says : " About midnight on
the 6th, it was reported to me that the enemy was evacu-
ating the island. Such was the celerity of his flight that
176 History of the Seventh Regiment
nearl}- the whole of his force made its escape. Seventy
men were intercepted on the water and taken. Our forces
at once occupied the north end of the island. Eighteen
pieces of ordnance of various calibres were captured in
Fort Wagner, and seven in Battery Gregg, making an
aggregate of thirty-six pieces taken on the island. Nearly
all of them were large. Fort Wagner was found to be a
work of the most formidable character, far more so indeed,
than the most exaggerated statements of prisoners and de-
serters had led us to expect. Its bomb-proof shelters,
capable of containing from fifteen hundred to sixteen hun-
dred men, remained practically intact after one of the most
severe bombardments to which any earthwork was ever
exposed. The attempt to tbrm an opening into the bomb-
proof by breaching, tailed for want of time. The heavy
projectiles were slowl}' eating their way into it, although
their effect was astonishingly slight. Indeed, the penetra-
tion of rifle projectiles, fired at a sand parapet, standing at
the natural slope, or approximately so, is but trifling."
The siege of Wagner had lasted lor fiftN'-eight days, and
had required twenty-three thousand five hundred soldiers'
days' work of six hours each, eight thousand days' work
on defensive arrangements, fifty-six thousand days' work
against Sumter, ninety-nine thousand days' work against
Wagner. There were about forty-six thousand sand-bags
used, almost exclusively for revetting.
According to Confederate authority, on September 4, at
Charleston, a conference of general oflicers was held in
relation to the evacuation of Fort Wagner and Morris
Island, which resulted in determining General Beauregard
to hold out so long as night communication could be kept
up by row boats. On September 5, instructions were
given regarding fuse, in case evacuation became neces-
sary, stating " that at least three safety fuses be inserted
in a pile of cartridges, or a barrel of powder in each mag-
CHAUI.ES A. M()I{1?1LL,
Co. E.
JOSliPII E. SVMOMDS,
Co. E.
1» W^
CAPT. CHARLES A. LAWRENCE,
Co. G.
CORP. NOAH T. PITMxVN,
Co. G.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 177
azine, to be carefully trained to prevent premature explo-
sion, and of proper length to insure the actual departure
of the last man. The fuses to burn tifteen seconds to the
foot, all the smaller guns to be spiked or otherwise injured.
Shot or shell to be rammed down without a cartridge, us-
ing a wedge of wood. Arrange to burst the columbiads
with bolts, Tennessee caps, fuse, etc., if they arrive in
time ; otherwise, put in two cartridges, two solid shot,
another cartridge, then till the gun to the muzzle,
adding fuse." However, the fuse did not prove to be
in good condition, and after experimenting with it,
Captain Huguenin, to whom the "blowing up" had been
assigned, otlered to make assurance doubly sure by set-
ting on fire two barrels of resin, first placing them in
the hospital adjoining the magazine ; but was not permitted
to do so, as the order was for fuse to be used. Captain
Huguenin was accidentallv left on the island, but was res-
cued by a boat which was seeking to escape capture itself,
he wading out to it. He was probably the last Confeder-
ate to leave the island.
At midnight on the 5th, Col. L. M. Keitt, commanding
Fort Wagner, signaled, "I had nine hundred, not four-
teen hundred men. About one hundred of those were
to-day killed and wounded. The parapet of the salient
is badly breached. The whole fort is much weakened.
A repetition to-morrow of to-day's fire will make the fort
almost a ruin. The mortar fire is still very heavy and
fatal, and no important work can be done. Is it desirable
to sacrifice the garrison? To continue to hold it is to do
so. Captain Lee, the engineer, has read this and agrees.
Act promptly and answer at once." Of the evacuation,
General Beauregard says in the Century's War Book :
" The instructions were prepared by me, with much delib-
eration and thought. The withdrawal of the troops began
as previously agreed upon, and was conducted in silence,
12
178 History op^ the Seventh Regiment
with great coolness and precision. Owing to some defect
in the fuses, however, tlie powder magazines of neither
Wagner nor Gregg were exploded, although they had
been lit with all due precaution by able officers."
The next day General Beauregard telegraphed to Rich-
mond :
6 Sept., 1S63, 8 p. M.
" Terrible bombardment of Wagner and Gregg for
nearly thirty-six hours. Front work much damaged, re-
pairs impossible. Approaches of enemy within fort}'
yards of salient. Casualties over one hundred and fift}'.
Garrison much exhausted. Nearly all guns disabled.
Communication with city extremely difficult and danger-
ous. Sumter being silenced, evacuation of Morris Island
becomes indespensible to save garrison. It will be at-
tempted to-night. This is the (ifty-eighth day of attack."
On the morning of September 6, at 2.15 a. m., Beaure-
gard signaled Colonel Keitt : " Repair work with soldiers
and negroes on island. I will determine to-day what
measures to adopt. No action shall be taken in haste. It
is too late to act to-night."
At 8.45 A. M. on the same morning Colonel Keitt sig-
naled Beauregard: "Incessant fire from Yankee mortar
and Parrott batteries. Can't work negroes, better look
after them promptly. Had thirty or forty soldiers wounded
in an attempt to work. Will do all I can, but fear the
garrison will be destroyed without injuring the enemy.
The fleet is opening, but I hope we may stand till night."
At 10.30 A. M. Colonel Keitt again signaled to Beaure-
gard : " Boats must be at Cummings Point early to-night,
without fail."
At 3.15 P. M. he again signaled to Beauregard : "Will
boats be here to-night for the garrison? And if our sacri-
fice be of benefit, I am ready, let it be said so and I will
storm the enemy's work at once, or lose every man here.
=■ w
c^ ^
',0^
■'m''
-■r>„r^
New Hampshire Volunteers. 179
The enemy is within fifty yards of us, and before dawn we
should assault him if we remain here. Answer positively
and at once. Assistant Engineer Stiles has fust inspected
the fort and says it is untenable. The enemy will by
night advance their parallel to the moat of this battery.
The 2^1'i'ison must be taken awav immediately after dark,
or will be destroyed or captured. Pray have boats. I am
sending the sick and wounded to Cummings Point. I
have not in the garrison four hundred effective men, ex-
cluding artillery. I shall say no more."
It seems that General Beauregard finally consented to
act, for during the day, September 6, by Special Order
No. 176, he directed the evacuation, with the following
details :
" Two iron-clads to take position near Sumter. All
land batteries to be prepared to sweep all the water faces
of Gregg. Transports to be near Cummings Point, to
receive the men from row-boats. The row-boats, in large
numbers, to be at or near Cummings Point directly after
dark. A naval officer to have charge of the boats. A line
of couriers to extend from boats to Wagner. Wounded to
be first removed, then the garrison, except two companies
to remain till the last, to make show of occupation and
defend in case of assault. To not approach boats nearer
than one hundred yards before assignment. The last to
leave Wagner must not be till Gregg has been entirely
provided for. Two officers to be left to light the tuses (fif-
teen-minute fuses) to blow up magazines and bomb-proofs.
Gregg to be evacuated last. The troops to embark with
loaded guns. If enemy should attack Wagner at once, or
the explosion should be prevented, three rockets from
Gregg to announce it, and all the batteries, Sumter, and
gunboats will open on Wagner and will also do so if the
explosion takes place, and fire slowly at the spot all
night."
i8o History of the Seventh Regiment
The evacuation then took place, and in his report the
next day, Colonel Keitt sa^-s :
"The order was received by me between 4 and 5 p. m.,
September 6, bv signal. Details were received at dark
through Captain McCabe, of General Ripley's staff." He
further says: "A new rifle-pit was made across the
island, after dark, a quarter-mile below (south of) Gregg,
with a force of seventy-seven negroes. Then sent all the
negroes by a flat-boat to Fort Johnson, from Cummings
Point. Several men fainted in the bomb-proofs on the 5th
from foul air and excessive heat."
About 9 p. M. he received notice that the boats were
ready, and the evacuation was begun. The rear guard
was thirty-five men, twenty-five of Company A, First
S. C. Infantry, and ten men of the Twenty-fifth S. C. In-
fantry. The officers were Capt. T. A. Huguenin and
Lieutenants Brown and Taft. At 11 p. m. of the 6th, Col-
onel Keitt turned over the command of Wagner to Captain
Huguenin, and then went with Major Bryan, of Beaure-
gard's staff^ to Cummings Point. An attempt to take aw^ay
three howitzers failed, and they were spiked on the shore
at Gregg. He gave an order to light fuse in Gregg when
he saw the Yankee boats in Vincent's Creek attacking
his retreating troops. Embarked about 1.30 a. m. with his
rear guard, and as they started, the Yankee barges opened
a musketry fire upon them, without harm. He says he
arrived at district headquarters in Charleston, at 3 a. m. of
the 7th, that fuses were lighted (giving the names of the
officers), but, owing to their faulty construction, the maga-
zines and bomb-proofs were not blown up. He sa3's the
guns in both Forts Wagner and Gregg were spiked, but
as Wagner was within thirty steps of the sappers, it was
not safe to attempt to break up the carriages. There was
not powder enough in Gregg to blow up the magazine,
and he had sent the day before for a supply, but the boat
ii
\ r
•'^4
New Hampshire Volunteers. i8i
and dispatches had been captured, and the capture was
not reported to him till Saturday night. Colonel Keitt was
censured bv Beauregard on September 19, for failing to
destroy the guns.
A writer in the " Southern Bivouac," March, 1886, says
that when it was determined by the Confederates to reduce
Sumter in 1861, with artillery, Clement H. Stevens, a
3'oung clerk in the Planters and Mechanics' Bank at
Charleston, astonished his friends by devising the Cum-
mings Point Battery, covering the heavy timbers with rail-
road T rails, laid at an angle of forty-five degrees. It
also states that Capt. Frank D. Lee and Capt. Langdon
Cheves, of the Confederate Engineer Corps, planned and
built Fort Wagner. Captain Cheves was killed by the
first shell fired at and bursting within the fort July 10, 1863.
Fort Wagner was six hundred and thirty feet from east
to west, and two hundred and seventy-five feet from
north to south. The sea face contained a bomb-proof
magazine, forming a heavy traverse to protect the three
guns north of it from the land fire. Behind the sea face,
a bomb-proof to accommodate not more than nine hundred
men, standing elbow to elbow, was built, and this space
was reduced one third for a hospital. The front was pro-
tected by a ditch filled with water at high tide. It is said
that the only two models of forts used at West Point for
instruction are those of Wagner and Sevastopol.
Speaking of the assault on Fort Wagner on July 18,
1863, a writer in the same magazine describes Colonel
Shaw as a young officer of slight and short figure, arrayed
in a short jacket, with long, light hair, which fell low upon
his neck and across his shoulders, and in referring to the
attack says: "And conspicuous in the van, on came the
little, misguided, unfortunate Massachusetts colonel, Shaw,
his long hair waving behind him as he led his sable enfant
■perdiis. A portion followed him over the ditch and
i82 History of the Seventh Regiment
planted their flag upon the ramparts, where the colonel
was shot and instantly killed. Conspicuous among the
Federal corpses was that of a tall, superbly tbrmed man,
an otlicer, whose calm features, only the more clearly cut by
the chisel of death, gazed toward a cloudless sky : a breath-
less Apollo. This was Colonel Putnam of the Seventh
New Hampshire. Although, horrible to relate, the entire
back part of his head had been blown off, the wonderful
beauty of his face remained intact and unshadowed, evok-
ing from his foes a sigh of pity. On the crest, surrounded
by a few, a very few, of his sable troops, at the foot of the
flag he had vainly planted, was the body of Colonel Shaw.
One would have thought at a cursory glance that it was
the corpse of a mere boy."
One of the prisoners taken at this time said that during
the last night of the siege, they had heard us digging, and
as they supposed we were coming directly under their
works, their officers were impressed with the belief that
we were constructing a mine for the purpose of blowing up
the fort, which probably hastened the evacuation, for fear
the garrison might be destroyed.
Once inside of Fort Wagner, with a chance for observa-
tion, we did not wonder that it had so long withstood the
heavy pounding from our batteries, for under skillful en-
gineering it had been made one of the strongest earth forts
ever constructed. And then we could plainly see reasons
why the assault made upon July i8 had so sadly been a
failure, and how the general " killing," as the rebels
termed it, had taken place, and to us, it now seemed very
doubtful whether more troops would have helped the mat-
ter very much, except in adding to the already enormous
list of casualties ; as we found the guns of the fort so
mounted as to sweep every inch of earth approaching the
structure. A heavy flanking breastwork, designed espe-
cially for infantry and rifle men, which if only partially
New Hampshire Volunteers. 183
manned must have created a terribly withering cross-tire
from which it would seem almost impossible to escape, and
with the torpedoes planted around the approaches to the
fort, and the chevaux-de-frise of sharp-pointed stakes with
iron spear points between, tirmly planted in the counter-
scarp of the ditch, and presenting their points about two
feet below the crest, placed there since the second as-
sault, it would seem almost an impossibility that another
successful assault could be made tVom our trenches upon
the front of the fort.
Our military engineers learned much tVom their experi-
ence against Fort Wagner, and at once became convinced
of the superiority of earthworks over brick and stone struc-
tures for military defenses ; it evidently surprised the
educated engineer as well as the ordinary civilian, and by
all it was a conceded fact that the dry loose sand of our
Atlantic coast could otier the greatest resistance to the lire
of heavy breaching ordnance — at least, so far as known —
if we except iron or steel armor of requisite thickness. It
was a demonstrated fact that the great bomb-proof of Wag-
ner was, on the night of the evacuation, nearly as safe as
when the breaching guns tirst opened upon it, and a few
hours' labor could have placed it in good condition for an-
other siege.
Fort Gregg was much smaller, but had the same appear-
ance of skillful engineering in its construction. The much
damaged portions of these strongholds were repaired as
rapidly as possible, changing front toward Fort Sumter
and the batteries around the harbor ; and a battery for a
three-hundred-pounder Parrott rifled gun was at once con-
structed at the right of Fort Gregg, which was afterwards
known as Battery Chatfield, where were also mounted some
heavy mortars. Our working parties were daily shelled
by Fort Moultrie and the batteries on James Island, as we
were now within easy range of them, and they did fearful
184
History of the Seventh Regiment
execution ; but we soon had our works completed, and had
a two-hundred-pounder Parrott mounted at Fort Gregg.
Our calcium light was now brought up to Cummings
Point, at Fort Gregg, and was placed on the beach oppo-
site that fort ; it was of great assistance to us, as it lighted
up the harbor, showing our gunners every steamer or
small boat that chanced to be moving around the harbor,
and gave us a splendid view of Sumter, at which fort we
occasionally threw a shell. It was displaved on the night
of November 11, for the first time, and Maj. John Johnson,
in his work on " The Defense of Charleston Harbor,"
HAULING TIIREE-HUXDRED-POUXDER PARROTT RIFLED GUN UP
MORRIS ISLAND BEACH TO BATTERY CHATFIELD.
says of our calcium light : "It was now put to use again,
and very often from Cummings Point, lighting up the
water between Morris Island and Fort Sumter well enough
to discover small boats, but failing to illuminate the fort as
brightly as it had done Battery Wagner. It was not so
bright as the full moon, but one could read by it, at Fort
Sumter, the large capitals of a newspaper. It w^as thought
at first that the enemy's purpose might be to discover the
parties working at repairs or placing obstructions on the
slopes, or possibl}^ to detect the passage of the transport
boats to and from the fort. But observation decided that
New Hampshire Volunteers. 185
the use of the light was rather for defensive purposes, to
reveal the approach of hostile boats from the Confederate
side. The importance of the light in warfare cannot be
too highh' estimated. At Fort Sumter the defense might
have been ver}- greatly simplified by its use ; but the shin-
ing mark it would have afforded the enemy was enough,
at this period of short range firing, to condemn it. This
calcium light was a great annoyance to the sentinels,
for it seemed to fascinate their gaze, diverting them too
much from the proper objects of their watch — in fact, it
blinded them no little by interposing its plane of illumina-
tion with dazzling effect between their eyes and the dark
waters of the harbor around them. The appearance of the
light would sometimes be striking and beautiful, as from a
focus of the intensest brilliancy the rays would appear to
dart forth and flash upon an expanse of inky blackness;
then, touching or tipping the crest of the gorge, they
would stream across the empty darkness of the interior, to
be caught and reflected by the jagged pinnacles of the
northern wall, standing out for a time in bold relief
against the midnight sky above and the gloomy crater of
the fort below. In fact, the view of the fort by night was
at all times most impressive in its strange silent grandeur."
On September S, both General Gillmore and Admiral
Dahlgren made arrangements to assault Fort Sumter at
night. It appears that after General Gillmore had arranged
his plans, he asked Admiral Dahlgren to put his men
under the army officer, but the latter declined, and each
proceeded with and under his own plan, and consequently
there was no concerted action. The monitor " Weehaw-
ken " got aground to-day and there was a lively fight
between Fort Moultrie and the iron-clads that came to the
assistance of the " Weehawken." During the engagement
a shell from the "Weehawken" struck the muzzle of an
eight-inch columbiad in Fort Moultrie, and glanced into
(186)
New Hampshire Volunteers. 187
some shell-boxes which were protected by a traverse, pro-
ducinoj an explosion, killing sixteen and wounding twelve
men of Company E, First S. C. (Confederate) Infantry.
The " Weehawken " got afloat about 4 p. m., and was but
slightly injured.
The boat attack by the land forces was made as contem-
plated, by the way of Vincent's Creek, and was under
command of Colonel Osborn, of the Twenty-fourth Mas-
sachusetts, and Maj. O. S. Sanford, of the Seventh Conn.
Volunteers. The troops detailed for this purpose were the
Twenty-fourth Massachusetts and the Tenth Conn. Vol-
unteers, and one hundred additional men tor oarsmen from
the Seventh Connecticut, One Hundred and Fourth Penn-
sylvania, and the Third N. H. Volunteers. The naval
continorent was under the command of Commander Thomas
H. Stevens, of the monitor " Patapsco,"' and consisted of
sailors and marines. The attack occurred shortly after
midnight, and was discovered by the garrison in Fort
Sumter in time to make the necessary preparations to repel
the assault, and the boats were compelled to retire with a
loss of about one fourth of the attacking force. It seems
that our signals had been read during the day by the Con-
federates, who in anticipation of the attack had run an
iron-clad, the " Chicora," down near Fort Sumter, under
cover of the darkness, which aided materially in driving
away the boats.
The Seventh was now engaged in picket duty and fa-
tigue duty at the north end of the island, sometimes at
Fort Wagner and sometimes at Fort Gregg. Our batter-
ies kept up a constant yet slow fire upon Sumter and the
batteries around the harbor, while the iron-clads engaged
Fort Moultrie and Battery Bee on Sullivan's Island, with
occasional shots at Sumter and the batteries on James
Island. September 17, we had one of the highest tides of
the season, occasioned by the heavy rain and storm of the
i88
History of the Seventh Regiment
night before. Some of the camps were almost washed
out, and those nearest the beach at once constructed d3'kes
around their tents, in readiness for another storm.
September 13, which was Sunday, a large detail was
made from the regiment and sent up to the front under
command of Capt. G. P. Mason, of Compan}- B, to dig
out a road between Wagner and Gregg, that ammunition
micrht be hauled to Cumminffs Point without so much ex-
posure as was incurred by going up the beach. On the
20th, another detail was made for the purpose of complet-
ing the road. This detail was under command of Capt.
^'2
"NEW ironsides" AND MONITOR.
Joseph Freschl, of Compan}- I. At night when the moon
was at or near its full it was almost impossible to go up the
beach without being shelled by Fort Moultrie or Battery
Bee, and to overcome this ditficulty a road was dug
through the sand-hills back of the beach. The nights
were getting quite cool, but during the day ^^•e often suf-
fered with heat.
October 4, General Terry disbanded the sharpshooters,
and they were ordered to report to their respective com-
mands. On the night of the 5th, a rebel torpedo was
exploded against the " Ironsides," but the damage was
AWARDED TO
SERGT.
Brainard Cumminos,
Co. A.
SERGT.
George F. Corson,
Co. B.
PRIVATE
Michael Cahile,
Co. B.
private
Zenas p. Alden,
Co. C.
PRIVATE
Robert Miller,
Co. C.
/// // '/ \
H.\!M,^ < .'■!' .. I
\; . (7/4- J '
GiLLMOKi-: Medal.
DEPT. OF THE SOUTH.
CORP.
Martin V. B. Perkins,
Co. F.
PRIVATE
Samuel P. Sargent,
Co. F.
PRIVATE
Franklin W. Randall,
Co. G.
PRIVATE
Stephen H. Price,
Co. H.
PRIVATE
Otis A. Merrill,
Co. H.
PRIVATE
George Parker,
Co. D.
PRIVATE
Clinton P. Wells,
Co. D.
PRIVATE
Henry Kimball,
Co. E.
PRIVATE
Robert A. Brown,
Co. E.
reverse side.
CORP.
George Weaver,
Co. L
PRIVATE
John H. Smith,
Co. L
SERGT.
Alonzo G. Dudley,
Co. K.
PRIVATE
George Rainey,
Co. K.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 189
reported slight ; the commotion incident to this attack ex-
tended to the shore, and the troops were all put under
arms, the long roll calling them out about 10 p. m., and
after remaining in line until midnight they were dismissed,
and the rest of the night was without disturbance. Octo-
ber 10, a terrible accident occurred in Fort Wagner by the
premature explosion of about two hundred shells, which
resulted in killing and wounding six men. The real cause
of this accident has never been satisfactorily explained.
On the 26th, the new batteries being in readiness, firing
upon Fort Sumter and all other objective points was
resumed, and three shells were landed in the city. Forts
Wagner and Gregg now joined in the fight, and the navy
assisted in good earnest.
An order issued by General Gillmore, on the 28th, pro-
vided for medals to be given for gallant and meritorious
conduct during the operations before Charleston, to not
over three per cent of the aggregate strength of the various
regiments, companies, and detachments that had been in
action or on duty in the batteries or trenches. The candi-
dates for these honors to be nominated by their company
officers and sent through the usual military channels. The
whole list to be reviewed by a board selected for the
purpose, but the medals were not all given out until the
next summer. The same order announced the fbllowincr
changes in the names of the various forts captured or built
by us, in honor of the brave men who had fallen : Fort
Gregg to be Fort Putnam ; the new battery next on its
right to be Battery Chatfield ; Fort Wagner to be Fort
Strong ; the new battery at the south end of Morris Island
to be Fort Shaw ; the battery at Oyster Point to be Batter}^
Purviance ; the battery on the north end of Folly Island to
be Fort Green.
On the 8th of October, while a large detail from the
regiment was at Fort Gregg on fatigue duty, under com-
mand of Captain Cotton, of Company A, a shell from Fort
ipo
History of the Seventh Regiment
Moultrie exploded immediately over tiie tort, killing Corp.
William Shaw, of Company F. The writer of this was
on the detail, and very near the corporal when the piece
of shell struck him. He had covered, as he supposed, when
the lookout had called " cover, Moultrie," but a heavy
piece of shell found him.
On the 9th and loth, the regiment got both days in
camp, which was something unusual at this time, and on
the 17th, our diar}' savs Surgeon Brown arrived from New^
Hampshire, where he had been on sick-leave for thirty
da3's. The men in the regiment were very much pleased
to have the surgeon with us again for he was loved and
respected by the whole regiment.
New HaxMpshire Volunteers. 191
On the 29th, the regiment moved their camp, which oc-
cupied the greater part of two days, and once more we got
settled down under our canvas tents, and got our bunks
arranged and our cook-house in running order.
There were a few changes in the regiment during the
month of October among the commissioned officers.
Capt. Jerome B. House, of Compan}- C, died of wounds
in New Hampshire, October 25, which he received in
the second assault on Fort Wagner ; and First Lieut.
William C. Knowlton, of Company D, was promoted to
the captaincy of Company C, to date from October 26.
First Sergt. Samuel Webster, of Company F, was dis-
charged by order of the War Department, to accept a
commission as first lieutenant in the First N. H. Heav^y
Artillery. First Sergt. Ferdinand Davis, of Company C,
was promoted to be first lieutenant of Company D, to date
from October 27.
November 3, Colonel Abbott arrived from New Hamp-
shire, where he had been on leave of absence for thirty
days. On the 7th, a shell from our three-hundred-pounder
Parrott gun at Battery Chatfield struck an iron column in
Fort Sumter, causing a large pile of masonr}^ to give way,
and burying thirteen men in the ruins, all of whom lost
their lives.
On the 5th, Private James O'Brien, of Company C,
Third N. H. Volunteers, procured a large number of
canteens, which he fastened around his body under his
arms, and attempted to desert to the enemy ; but owing
to the peculiar manner in which they were fastened
about him they did not serve their purpose, and he was
drowned while trying to cross the creek between Morris
and James Islands ; his body was floated by the tide to
Block Island, where it lodged, and was found by members
of his own compan}-, who were at that time cutting wood
upon the island, and were temporarily quartered there for
192
History of the Seventh Regiment
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New Hampshire Volunteers.
193
a few days. The canteens were taken from his body and
broken open, and in one was found a very accurate plan
of our defenses, the location and number of our guns, and
gav^e the number and strength of the regiments upon
Morris Island. He was one of the substitutes who had
arrived with others in the month of October.
Our batteries at the north end of Morris Island were now
trained upon the City of Charleston, and the line of fire
was directed against the white spires of St. Michael's and
St. Philip's, and in the neighborhood of St. Finbar cathe-
dral, and by night the harbor was beautifully lighted by a
powerful calcium light, which gave us a splendid oppor-
tunity to direct our artillery fire with accuracy against
Forts Sumter and Moultrie, and other prominent objects in
the harbor. The fleet had already shelled and nearly des-
troyed the little village of Moultrieville, on Sullivan's
Island, in the immediate vicinity of Fort Moultrie.
On the i6th, the Seventh received a consignment of two
hundred and sixty-eight substitutes, which were about
evenly distributed among the different companies. Com-
pany D receiving tw-enty-four, and the other companies in
like proportion, and in our diary we find the entry, "A
tough looking crowd." The original men generally looked
with suspicion upon all substitutes and conscripts, but
above all the substitutes, and, as it was afterwards fully
demonstrated, a very few proved themselves to be of good
material, but a large majority were wholly worthless, as
one old grizzled veteran facetiously but irreverently re-
marked, " they were not worth the powder it would take
to blow them to h — 1." Their only aim or ambition seemed
to be to get out of the service as speedily as possible, but
the chances for escape from Morris Island, surrounded by
water as we were, proved so difiicult that only in one or
two instances was it ever attempted.
13
194 History of the Seventh Regiment
On the i8th, we commenced drilling the substitutes, in
order that they might be made effective for duty as soon
as possible. On the night of the 19th, an attempt was
made to surprise the garrison in Fort Sumter by an expe-
dition made up of the land and naval forces in boats, but
the garrison was apprised of the movement by the barking
of a dog belonging to one of the soldiers, as the advance
boats drew near, and the alarm being thus given and the
garrison found ready to receive them, the expedition was
ordered back.
On the 23d, by a Department Order, the brigade tbr-
mation on the island was wholly reorganized, and the
Seventh was assigned to the First Brigade, together with
the Third and Fourth New Hampshire, and the Ninth and
Eleventh Maine, all under command of Brig. Gen. Charles
G. Stevenson. The forces on Morris Island at this time
were composed of two brigades of white troops and one
brigade of colored troops.
November 26 was Thanksgiving Day away back in
New Hampshire, and the New Hampshire contingent serv-
ing upon Morris Island were allowed to celebrate the day
in such manner as was possible under the circumstances.
During the forenoon we were paid, and consequently, the
sutlers on the island furnished most of the Thanksgiving
suppers, which were principally on this occasion canned
chicken. At i o'clock p. m. we were formed in column
by division and listened to prayers by the chaplain.
Heaw firing was still kept up on Forts Sumter and Moul-
trie and on the City of Charleston ; the forces on the
island had been so much diminished in numbers that it
became necessary for the remaining regiments to go to the
front nearly every day, either on picket or fatigue duty.
On the 30th, the weather became quite cool, and the
ground froze slightly at night ; it was very uncomfortable
without a fire and the men began to devise means to heat
New Ha:mpshire Volunteers, 195
up their tents. In the tent which the writer occupied
with two others, an old sheet-iron mess kettle was made
to do duty as a stove, by tinming the mouth of the pail
down, and setting it on a sheet ot" iron ; we cut a small
round hole in the bottom of the kettle, which was now the
top of the stove, turning up a flange just large enough to
fit one of the oyster cans sold b}' sutlers, the funnel was
m.ade of numerous oyster cans put together sto\'epipe
fashion, and entering a chimney made bv fastening three
barrels together, making it somewhat higher than our
tent, and then cutting a damper hole in the kettle near the
ground we were read}' for a fire. We skirmished far
and near for everv little sliver and chip of wood and
every old barrel and cracker-box we could obtain ; with
this little contrivance we made ourselves ver}- comfortable
during the cold, chill}' weather which we now began to
experience occasionally at this season of the year. The
only difficulty we experienced with this heating apparatus
was the occasional melting of the solder on our oyster can
stovepipe whenever we chanced to heat the stove a little
too much : but our success was so well established in heat-
ing our tent that when, a little later, we left the island, an
officer of the Third New Hampshire made us an offer of
five dollars for our old mess kettle-— for it was very hard
to obtain one — but we could not think of parting with it,
and smuggled it in with the regimental baggage when we
broke camp, and that was the last we ever saw of our
heater ; but such losses were frequently met with during
our service.
We shall never forget the terrible stench arisingr from
dead bodies and fragments of bodies which the large shells
from our monitors, Parrott batteries, and heavy mortars
had unearthed from the trenches where the dead had been
buried up close to Fort Wagner. It was, indeed, terrible,
and, on that account alone, we never attached anv blame to
196 History of the Seventh Regiment
the Confederates for evacuating the earthwork, even
though they might possibly have held out another hour ;
just in rear of Wagner, on the north side, where most of
those of the rebel garrison who had been killed, were
buried amidst the low sand-hills, our shells had made sad
havoc among the graves.
At one time when the regiment was passing up the
beach toward Fort Wagner, where they were detailed to
do picket duty for the night, they discovered the skeleton
of a soldier which had been washed upon the beach by the
tide, and around the bones there was still clinging a por-
tion of the army blue clothing. The bones were gathered
up and reverently buried in the sand-dunes farther back
from the sea.
The Confederates continued shelling severely the fatigue
parties who were at work reconstructing the earthworks
and batteries at the north end of the island, and at times
the shelling was actually terrific, keeping ever}' one under
cover except the sentries who were stationed as lookouts at
convenient places for observation, and whose duty it was
to watch the batteries of the enemy, and if a puff of
smoke was seen to at once cry out "Cover, Bull of the
Woods," or "James Island," or " Moultrie," as the case
might be. So accustomed did the men get to such warn-
ings that they would at once seek the nearest cover with-
out looking to ascertain whether or not the lookout was
right or wron^, and the habit became so confirmed, that
at this day, more than thirty years after, quickly sing
out "Cover, Moultrie," in the presence of a soldier who
served during that memorable siege, and ten to one he will
strike for the nearest cover.
Amidst all these trials and dangers to which we were so
often exposed, there were many bright, sunny moments,
and many jovial characters, and as memory reverts to
those days, now so far away in the past, we cannot sup-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 197
press the smile that will force itself upon us. For once, we
shall never forget the difficulties which attended the efforts
of some of our comrades and " chums" who endeavored
to make an extra dollar in the beer business. We remem-
ber one day, a man in Company F, by some means ob-
tained an old vinegar barrel, and put in the ingredients
which were composed of Jamaica ginger, molasses, and
water — with about fourteen parts of water to one part of
everything else. The owner was seemingly careless
about the vent, and the decoction was going through the
process of fermentation, when all at once the old vinegar
barrel exploded, and the beer was a total loss ; the barrel
had the appearance of having been struck by one of the
fifteen-inch shells from a monitor. The men would manu-
facture the decoction and sell it to their comrades at five
cents per pint, measuring it out in the regulation coffee
dipper, sutler's checks being just as good as coin in pay-
ment thereof. We well remember Sergt. Lyman H.
Cheney, of Company D, was in the business, his tent
being next to the one occupied by the writer, and he kept
his barrel between his tent and the one we occupied, so
after we found he and his tent-mates were asleep, Corp.
James F. Tate, of our tent, — who, by the way, was one of
the best tent-mates we had while in the service, — would
go to the barrel, draw out a pailful, substituting the same
amount of water, which he poured in through the bung-
hole at each time, until at last it got so weak that clear
water was preferable, and the amount of his sales rap-
idly fell ofi'; he was unable to tell why his beer was so
poor and weak, as he made it according to the formula
used by others who were in the same business. Then
there was Musician Miner, of Company C, who was always
around camp when off duty, ^^'ith raisins and cigars, and
did quite a thriving business. We must not forget our
little tailor, William S. Roach, of Company E, always
19S History of the Seventh Regiment
known among the men as " Billy Roach, the Tailor." He
was one of the best of workmen, who would make a
large overgrown uniform fit splendidly, after cutting it
over, and he could do this the nicest of any man we ever
saw. He fitted up the unitbrms of many of our " non-
coms " so tastily and so nicely that the colonel gave them
the name of " rear rank ornaments." Then there was
Private William Ramsey, of Company G, whom every-
body in the regiment well knew, and it would be wholly
useless to attempt a description of him at this late day ;
even as we write his name we can seemingly hear his
hearty "Aye, me bovvld Amerikin," ringing in our ears.
He was always getting off some quaint expressions, a
good-natured yet odd character, who would always make
one smile. Company G had lots of fun with him, as did,
really, the whole regiment. x\gain, there was Charley
Rideout, of Company H, who at this time run a sort of
cider mill. We never knew his receipt nor saw his mill
work, but from dried apples and molasses purchased from
the commissary, and water trom the company well, we
knew he used to manufacture a pretty good article of
Jersey cider. It seems as though we could hear him now
selling his essence of weakness for a five-cent check.
Our rations at this time were ver}^ good and we had
issued to us onions, dried apple, molasses, flour, and fresh
beef, in addition to the hard bread, mess pork, and salt
beef, and the orders were strict that the fresh beef should
be boiled and not fried, but the men loved it fried much
the best, and many a time the cooks fried it, while the men
stood guard tor the approach of officers. Our cooks con-
verted much of the flour ration into hot doughnuts, which
were at this time quite a treat and highly appreciated, and
when we got a good cook into the cook-tent we kept him
there as long as possible. Sundays for breakfast we
nearly always had baked beans, when it was possible to
New Hampshire V'olunteers. 199
have them, baked in iron mess kettles in the ground,
and in no other way of cooking can they be made so pal-
atable. Comrades will all admit this, as it is a solid fact,
and almost every Sunday our diary chronicles "baked
beans for breakfast."
December i at Meridian, a salute of one hundred guns
was fired by our batteries in honor of glorious news from
the Army of the Cumberland, in Tennessee. On the 5th,
there was a grand review by Major-General Gillmore,
which included all the troops on the island. At about 2
o'clock p. M. the monitor " Weehawken " sunk at her an-
chorage. As nearly as could be ascertained the cause was
a removal of too much ammunition from the after part,
which let her down by the head without the fact being for
the moment perceived. As soon as it was noticed that she
had begun to settle, assistance was signaled for, but she
went down in about ten minutes after the danger was dis-
covered. The loss of lite by this most singular accident
was four officers and twenty men. About two feet of her
smoke-stack and her flag were visible above water. On
the morning of the 12th, a large detail from the regiment
came down from a tour of picket duty at Fort Wagner, and
encountered the highest tide we had ever seen on the
island, owing to heavy rains and strong winds which blew
a gale, driving the waves completely across the island in
two places — one a little north of the sand-hills, and the
other a little south of Wagner — and most of the men on the
picket detail got into the water all over in getting back to
camp, among whom was the writer ot this. Those ot the
regiment who had to come to camp that morning will
not be likely ever to forget their experience. There were
places where the island was completely under water, which
was half way to our shoulders, where it had been dry
walking the night before when we went up ; besides
this the weather was quite cool and we were a cold, shiver-
ing lot of half-drowned soldiers upon our arrival at camp.
200
History of the Seventh Regiment
New Hampshire Volunteers. 201
About 9.30 A. i\r. on the morning of December 11, a
magazine in Fort Sumter was blown up, the casuahies
being eleven killed and forty-one injured. Among the
killed was the Confederate Commissary Frost, who was in
the act of distributinix rations.
As soon as the sea had subsided so we could see the
beach we found it to be strewn with wreckage, composed
principally of the obstructions to navigation placed by the
rebels across the entrance to Charleston harbor, and now
released by the storm and driven upon our beach as a sort
of tell-tale evidence of what had been intended by the Con-
federates. The beaches along the whole length of Morris
and Folly Islands were thickly covered with all sorts of
stuff which was supposed to be parts of the rebel harbor
obstructions, which consisted in part of logs and timbers
linked together, and in some places there were found eight
or nine large logs, about twent}- feet long by one and one
half feet in diameter, fastened together by three huge iron
links that were eighteen inches long. One great mass of
stuff appeared to be a part of what was once a floating bat-
tery, and it was said to be a part of the floating battery
built at Charleston by the rebels, to operate against Fort
Sumter in 1861. Among other things in this mass of
wreckage we noticed a number of heavy iron rails, from
some railroad, which were twenty-two feet long, hooked or
linked together by the ends being turned.
On the 14th, Captain Chase, of Company D, arrived
from New Hampshire, where he had been on sick-leave
since July 23, and at once assumed command of his com-
pany : on the 15th, a few more substitutes and recruits
arrived for our regiment, including among them a former
musician of Company D, who had been discharged at
Fort Jefferson, Fla., and had again enlisted as a drummer
in his old compan}-, and who later on was mustered-out
again, but in quite a different way.
202 History of the Seventh Regiment
On the 17th, the regiment was ordered on grand guard,
and after guard mounting at 2,30 p. m., we were drawn up
in line with all the other troops on the island to witness
the execution of a substitute, Private John Kendall by
name, of Company G, Third N. H. Volunteers, who was
to be shot to death for the crime of desertion. It seems he
had endeavored to desert to the enemy on James Island,
but lacking in a geographical knowledge of the country
he was intercepted in the creek near Pa3'ne"s Dock, by
our picket boats and captured. After being taken to the
provost guard tent on Morris Island, he was recognized
b}^ members of his own company, although he attempted
to pass as a rebel deserter. He was promptly tried by a
general court martial, and was sentenced to be shot to
death. This sentence was approved by General Gillmore,
who in General Orders, No. 11 1, December 14, directed
that he be shot within forty-eight hours after the order had
been received by General Terry, who commanded the
forces on Morris Island. This being the first execution of
this kind the Seventh had seen, it has without doubt been
vividly remembered by the men who witnessed it, as at
that time it created no little sensation.
The troops were drawn up in line, forming three sides
of a hollow square, the open side of the square facing the
ocean. It was about 2.30 in the afternoon, and the tide
was at ebb, consequently the beach was very wide and
roomy. Through this square was brought the prisoner in
an army ambulance, reclining upon his coffin, which was
a plain pine box stained red. He was drumming on the
coffin seemingly unconcerned as he kept time to the dead
march, and was chewing tobacco in an apparently careless
manner. The ambulance was preceded by an armed pla-
toon of provost guards headed by the provost marshal, and
was followed by two firing parties and the chaplain of his
regiment. The men detailed for the firing parties were
New Haisipshire Volunteers. 203
from the provost guards, who were all from the Third
N. H. Volunteers, which was at that time on provost duty.
Arriving near the centre of the open side of the square
next the ocean, the coffin was placed upon the beach, and
the prisoner was made to dismount from the ambulance,
take ot^' his coat — which revealed a white shirt with
a large black ring marked over the heart as a target for
the detail to tire at — then blindfolded, and made to kneel
upon his coffin with his back to the sea, the first firing party
taking position a short distance in front of and facing him,
and taking the position of aim. The provost marshal,
a short distance on the right of the prisoner, then read the
finding and sentence of the court martial, at the close of
which the marshal let drop a white handkerchief, as a sig-
nal to fire. The volley was fired, the prisoner toppled
over, and the bullets went singing on over the incoming
waves. He assumed the air of a bravado from first to last
and seemed to feel proud to think he could show how
gamey he could die.
At this ti^e we experienced another heavy gale, and it
was reported that six men of the navy lost their lives by
the upsetting of boats. This storm was very cold and dis-
agreeable, and until it passed away w^e were very uncom-
fortable.
Firing was still continued at intervals, and was occa-
sionally replied to by the rebel batteries. Our batteries
now commanded enough of the harbor to prevent blockade-
running, for the main channels were in our possession, but
owing to the obstructions the fleet was prevented from
moving up to the city, and the land forces could now ac-
complish nothing without its aid ; therefore it was found
expedient to hold what we already occupied, and in the
meantime organize a couple of expeditions, one to operate
in the rear of Charleston and to approach by way of Poco-
taligo Bridge, and another up the St. John's River to
204
History of the Se\'enth Regiment
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New Hampshire Volunteers. 205
Jacksonville, Fla., and up through that state toward Lake
City and Tallahassee, while others of the troops not then
needed, were sent to Virginia, and the siege of Charles-
ton had practically ended until Sherman's march to the
sea, and up through the Carolinas, when the city fell into
the hands of the Union forces.
December 19, we learned that the regiment had been
ordered to St. Helena Island, S. C, which seemed rather
severe, for we had just got cosily settled down for the
winter ; but the men were up early on the morning of the
20th, packing and getting ready to move, as they had been
told that they could take along among the baggage all of
their tent furniture; at 3 p. m. the "assembly" was
sounded, the line was formed, and all were " present or
accounted for," and eager for a start ; although the knap-
sacks we carried would have done credit to Patagonian
giants, and many a stripling of a lad was in danger of
becoming bow-legged under such a huge load of blan-
kets and clothing. In fact, this seemed to be the experi-
ence of about every man in the regiment, as they were
allowed to take nearly everything with them which they
had been hoarding up on the supposition that they would
remain during the winter on Morris Island, and as all
these little extras w^ould tend especially to make our camp
life far pleasanter in our new quarters, for the weather was
now quite cool, and it seemed probable that we might
remain for some time on St. Helena Island, the officers
favored us in the baggage line all they possibly could
under existing circumstances. A person who was never a
soldier would be very much astonished to see how great a
pile of traps, consisting of tent furniture and extra clothing,
soldiers will accumulate when stationed for a number of
months in one place ; but when ordered to field duty all
this, almost invariably, had to be thrown away or des-
troyed. Yet, the first great problem a soldier figures
2o6 History of the Seventh Regiment
upon after going into camp is how to get everything he
can possibly lay hands upon to make himself comfortable,
and if there is anything within a day's march of his camp
he will find it regardless of consequences, and the men of
the Seventh w^ere not much behind their neighbors in that
particular.
As soon as the line was formed we were marched b}'
flank out from among the sand-hills to the beach, and it
was with sad memories that we marched down the beauti-
ful beach to the point at Lighthouse Inlet, where we had
crossed some months before with full ranks, following our
victorious colors ; as we cast a last, 3'et lingering, look
behind we could still see the white smoke puffing from the
embrasures of Fort Putnam, which told us that comrades
were still pouring their shells into Charleston, while heavy
guns still boomed an answer far away under the shadow
of the white spires of the doomed city.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 207
CHAI^TKR XIV.
IN CAMP AT ST. HELENA ISLAND, S. C. DRILL AND
PICKET DUTY. IN GENERAL HAWLEy's BRIGADE,
EXCHANGE ENFIELD RIFLED MUSKETS FOR SPEN-
CER REPEATING CARBINES. ORDERED TO PLORIDA.
EXPEDITION UNDER COMMAND OF GENERAL SEY-
MOUR. THE SEVENTH ARE ORDERED ON BOARD THE
STEAMER "BEN DEFORD." THE FLEET RENDEZVOUS
AT THE MOUTH OF THE ST. JOHN's RIVER. THE "BEN
DEFORD" GETS STUCK ON THE BAR. — ARRIVAL OF THE
REGIMENT AT JACKSONVILLE, FLA. -^ ORDERED OUT
TOWARD LAKE CITY, ON THE FLORIDA CENTRAL RAIL-
ROAD. THE BIVOUAC AT BALDWIN'S STATION. IN
CAMP AT Barbour's plantation on the south fork
OF THE ST. MARY's RIVER. ARRIVAL AT SANDER-
SON'S station. THE REGIMENT ORDERED ON A RE-
CONNOISSANCE TOWARD LAKE CITY.
After crossincr in boats to Follv Island we marched to
Pawnee Landing, a distance of four miles from Lighthouse
Inlet, where we arrived about dark. In our journey across
this island we could hardly recognize the place where we
had been formerly drilled, and worked upon fortifications,
in preparation for the battle of Morris Island, so great had
been the change. That part of the island which had been
heavily wooded at the time of our occupation was now
wholly divested of its timber. Upon our arrival at the
Landing, a portion of our regiment was ordered aboard
the steam transport " Atlanta," which at once steamed out
to sea ; while the remainder of the regiment was ordered
2o8 History op' the Seventh Regiment
aboard the steam transport "Sentinel," which, in starting
out, had the misfortune to strike a mud-bar, and could not
be gotten off until lo a. :m., the next day ; and again at
Stono Inlet we were delayed a few hours waiting for the
flood-tide, that our crazy old craft might again pass a
mud-bar. Passing the deserted old village of Legares-
ville, we got on very well and without incident, and
reached St. Helena Island at 4 o'clock on the morning of
the 22d. Here we found the Seventh Conn. Volunteers,
and four companies of the First N. Y. Volunteer Engi-
neers already encamped and all under command of Col.
Joseph R. Hawley, of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, in
whose brigade we were at once installed. Then com-
menced a series of drills which were very tiresome, with an
exceptional tour of target practice with our new Spencer
repeating carbines, for on the 26th we were ordered to turn
in our Enfield rifled muskets and to take in exchange
therefor these carbines, and they afterwards proved to be
one of the best arms in the service. By this change in
arms it was rumored that we were to be organized as a
regiment of mounted infantry.
We now settled down to drill, with a small detail each
day for picket duty and camp guard. We had company
drill in the forenoon and battalion drill in the afternoon,
all of which kept us well occupied during six hours each
day.
On the 31st of December, Second Lieut. Calvin Shedd,
of Company A, resigned his commission and left the serv-
ice; on January i, 1864, Capt, William C. Knowlton,
of Company C, left the regiment, and was honorably
discharged from the service, to date from January i, 1864.
January 21, we received another lot of substitutes, sixty
in number, and it is only a matter of justice to say that the
personnel of this lot was no improvement upon those who
had heretofore joined us. They were evenly distributed
CAPT. NATIIVN M. AMES,
Co. H.
LIEUT. JOHN U. WORCESTER,
Co. H.
LIEUT. CHARLES H. FARLEY,
Co.H.
LIEUT, JAMES S. FRENCH,
Co. H.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 209
among the different companies, and quite a number were
invariably in the guard-house for disobedience and unruly-
conduct, and being under guard seemed to have no terrors
for them, in fact they rather liked it, as it took them away
from all duty.
February 3, Capt. Jonathan F. Cotton, the ranking line
officer of the regiment, whose company. A, in conse-
quence thereof, had always occupied the right of the line
since our entry into the service, resigned his commission,
was mustered out of service, and left the regiment at this
place.
By the way everything was being pushed and renovated,
we surmised that an expedition was really to be sent out
from our place of rendezvous, and we were not long kept
in suspense, for, on February 4, we received orders to go
aboard transports on the morrow, leaving all tents, bag-
gage, and all our sick behind ; much excitement pre-
vailed, but as we could not find out the place of our
destination we simply obe3'ed orders and awaited further
developments. At 2 o'clock p. m. on the 5th, we went
aboard the steamer " Ben Deford,'' together with the
Seventh Conn. Volunteers, and at once proceeded to Hil-
ton Head, S. C, where the expedition was to rendezvous.
It was here that we first learned that the Florida cam-
paign of 1864 was about to be inaugurated and that the
Seventh New Hampshire was to form a part of this expe-
dition.
On the morning of the 6th, we weighed anchor and ran
along dowui the coast, at night coming to, and laying off,
the bar of the St. John's River on the coast of Florida, un-
til daylight on the morning of the 7th, when the steamer
tried to cross the sand-bar at the mouth of the river, but,
instead of crossing, the regiment found that the steamer
had got stuck so fast that she was obliged to lie there until
flood-tide at night when another attempt was made to
14
2IO History of the Seventh Regiment
cross the bar, but without success ; to hasten matters the
left wing of our regiment was placed on board the hos-
pital boat " Cosmopolitan," which had already crossed the
bar, and awaited orders to proceed up the river.
At sunrise on the morning of the 8th, the " Cosmopoli-
tan" had orders to proceed, and we steamed up the St.
John's River as far as Mayport Mills. On our journey up
the river we found the water very shallow and the channel
so crooked and narrow that the utmost caution was needed
in the navigation of our craft to prevent running aground,
which we finally did at a place called Yellow Bluffs. Here
we were obliged to stop until the morning of the 9th, at
flood-tide, when our steamer was again floated, and we
started for Jacksonville, Fla., where we arrived without
further mishap about 8 o'clock.
The journey up the St. John's River on these clear,
sunny, February days was really beautiful: the green,
marshy lowlands on one side reaching far inland and
skirted by w'oodland of still darker green, while on the
other hand, the low, broad landscape was frequently
broken by precipitous bluffs and ranges of heav}- timber
on rolling upland. The channel was so narrow in places
that the sides of our steamer would rub the marshy banks,
and was, withal, so serpentine in its course that our boat
was steered at almost all points of the compass in rotation,
in its course up the river to Jacksonville.
Upon our arrival at this place, we found the city under
the control of the advance guard of the expedition, w-hich
had arrived before us, on Sunday, the 7th, and greatly sur-
prised the people who were at church when our forces
landed and drove out or captured all of the rebel pickets
and guards. We found the city very prettily situated ;
partially built of brick, and in time of peace it must have
been a prosperous and lively city in point of business. A
portion of the place had been burned, as we were informed
New Hampshire Volunteers. 211
by Union troops on a forn^er reconnoissance. Here we
founci the expedition was to be under the command of
General Seymour, the troops consisting of the brigade to
which our regiment belonged, a small portion of the First
Mass. Cavalry, and one regiment (the Fortieth Massa-
chusetts) of mounted infantry, a portion of two batteries,
a part of the First N. Y. Regiment of Engineers, and a
small brigade of colored troops. At dark we commenced
our march in the direction of Baldwin's Station, which is a
small country station on the Florida Central railroad, at
the point where the railroad from Fernandina to Cedar
Keys crossed at almost a right angle. In our march out
from Jacksonville we followed the turnpike alongside and
near the Florida Central railroad. We found the turnpike
in ver}' good condition excepting where it ran through a
timbered portion of the country- when it would be found
quite muddy.
Shortly after midnight we bivouacked on the roadside
near the rebel camp, " Finnegan," whose occupants had
adroitly "skedaddled" at the approach of our advance,
which consisted of a few companies of the First Mass.
Cavalry and the Fortieth Mass. Volunteers, as mounted
infantry, under Col. Guy V. Henry. The morning sun
was shining brightly in through the openings of the forest
to the east of us, rapidly dissolving the heavy white frost,
ere we were in line and ready to resume our march, which
was along the same turnpike, and making no halt until
noon. We then filed into a shady grove close by a stream
of clear, cold water, w'here we were halted and allowed
"twenty minutes for lunch," which consisted of hard-tack,
with water from the stream near by to wash it down. In
half the time allowed we had dined, and the remainder we
devoted to rest, which, with some of the men, was devoted
to dreaming of " home and mother," and an occasional
veteran tugged away for dear life at the stem of some old
212 History of the Seventh Regiment
" T. D." or briarvvood pipe filled with good tobacco, while
many of the men amused themseh^es by reading letters
from the rebel mail, which, among other things was cap-
tured back at Camp Finnegan, and had gotten promiscu-
ously scattered about. Resuming our march we reached
Baldwin's Station in the early evening, after wading sev-
eral small creeks or brooks, and wearily plodding through
mud and water along some portions of the turnpike over
which we had marched, and, in fact, we had tramped with
wet feet nearly all day, and the men had become very
tired ; the weather being quite cool our condition was any-
thing but comtbrtable. Here we encamped for the night,
and had but just got ready to rest for a few hours when a
cold, drizzling rainstorm set in, which added not the least
to our comfort. It is at this place that the railway from
Fernandina to Cedar Keys crosses the Florida Central,
and owing to its railroad importance we had supposed or
imagined that we should find a flourishing inland town ;
but instead it consisted of a very cheap and sadly demor-
alized depot, and only a few old dilapidated buildings,
one of which had been used as a store. Some of our
men who were never too wet or tired to forage, discovered
some fine tobacco in plugs, stowed away inside the store-
house, and they bountifully helped themselves and then
supplied their comrades with the weed.
At daybreak on the morning of the nth, the regiment
was again on the march, our objective point being now
Lake City, Fla., — so we were quietly informed by some
of our superiors who, we had reason to believe, had been
correctly informed. We next reached Barbour's Planta-
tion about noon, where, after resting for a few moments,
we resumed our march in the direction of Sanderson's Sta-
tion, which we reached about 9 o'clock in the evening,
and found that like most Floridian inland towns in those
days, it could boast of only a twelfth-rate depot and two
New Hampshire Volunteers. 213
cabins. As we approached Sanderson's after nightfall,
the darkness was intense, and for many miles our route
lay through tall, heavy timber, mostly pine, which,
perhaps, we should rightfully denominate "turpentine
orchards," as nearly every tree had its pitch bowl chopped
out at one side at the base, and also numerous diagonal
incisions made from it up some five or six feet high in
order to conduct the resinous gum to the bowl below,
which in many cases was overflowing, as the pitch had
not been gathered, apparently, for a number of days, ow-
ing no doubt to the near proximity of the Union forces.
Ever and anon some rascally fellow would slip out from
the ranks and set fire to the collected pitch, which in a
few moments would be blazing up the tree to the height
of forty feet or more, and would then quietly resume
his place ; this was repeated so often that our whole
route became well lighted. The weird-like appearance of
our grotesque-looking columns as they wound their way
along in their serpentine course, was a sight never to be
forgotten. Standing under the shadow of a tall pine by
the roadside the writer took in the whole scene ; and as
company after company of the diflterent regiments filed
past, whole battalions would be singing "The Star Span-
gled Banner," " Finnegan's Ball," and "John Brown,"
until the air was fairly rent with the chorus. It still con-
tinued wet and rainy, and bivouacking on the ground was
very uncomfortable.
On the morning of the 12th, a portion of the troops, in-
cluding the Seventh, were ordered out on a reconnoissance
toward Lake City. The enemy was not encountered in
any great force, however, and the few pickets who were
met made a hasty retreat ; the expedition having fulfilled
the object for which it was sent out, again reached their
camp at Sanderson's at dark, and the Seventh came in
very tired and hungry. A picket guard had been left
214 History of the Seventh Regiment
around the camp at Sanderson's during the day, and the
company cooks had generally been left in camp, and had
hot coffee ready for their respective companies upon their
return, which at this particvdar time was duly appreciated.
As soon as hard-tack and coffee had been served, the
men in one of the regiments began discharging their
pieces in order to clean them, and the men in other regi-
ments hearing the noise commenced discharging their
pieces until, somehow, the firing became general among
nearly all the regiments, and instead of discharging the
single load in the piece, each man must have fired well
on to a hundred rounds before morning. The camp
became a perfect pandemonium.
For a time it seemed as thou^ih the officers of the difter-
ent regiments had lost all control of their men. The noise
was mostly confined to those regiments having muzzle-
loading arms, and we were very happy to know that Gen-
eral Hawley's brigade, in which was the Seventh, was not
concerned in this noisy demonstration, and that it was
almost wholly confined to the troops belonging to the
other brigade. To one on picket outside of the camp,
as was the writer of this, it had all the appearance and
sound of a heavy battle raging in camp, and more than
once we thought the " rebs " had surely come up in our
rear and struck our camp. Our orders, as pickets, were
very strict, and we could not leave our picket line for a mo-
ment ; but long after midnight an officer came out to our
part of the line and informed us of the cause of so much
tumult and firing ; it was not wholly quelled until near
morning, and not until General Seymour had issued orders
to shoot the first man who discharged his piece without
orders. If the enemy in our front did not think we had
been attacked in our rear they must have thought we were
having a mighty big row among ourselves. Altogether it
was a disgraceful affair and reflects upon the command-
New Hampshire Volunteers.
215
\nir officers of the different regiments concerned that such
a tumult and such a wanton waste of ammunition was for
a moment tolerated.
Our troops engaged in this expedition had, since leav-
ing Jacksonville, Fla., captured and destroyed large
quantities of turpentine, cotton, and tobacco, besides some
provisions, camp equipage, clothing, etc., back at Camp
Finnegan, where a permanent camp of the Confeder-
ates had been established.
CAVENDISH PLUG.
2i6 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER XV.
the left wing ordered to exchange their spencers
for springfield rifled muskets. the muskets
were without bayonets and were unservice-
able. the return of the expedition to
Barbour's plantation. — an advance ordered
towards lake city. the battle of olustee.
the retreat to jacksonville. the casualties
in the seventh are two hundred and nine.
GENERAL SEYMOUR's FORCES CONCENTRATE AT
JACKSONVILLE AND FORTIFY. REINFORCEMENTS AR-
RIVE. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THREE OF THE
ORIGINAL MEN RE-ENLIST FOR ANOTHER TERM OF
THREE YEARS AND ARE FURLOUGHED FOR THIRTY
DAYS. THE TENTH ARMY CORPS ORDERED TO VIR-
GINIA. THE SEVENTH LEAVES FOR GLOUCESTER
POINT, VA.
On the 13th of February, the left wing of the Seventh
New Hampshire w^as ordered to exchange their new Spen-
cer repeating carbines for old and much-abused Springtield
rifled muskets belonging to the Fortieth Mass. Volunteers,
who were then serving as mounted infantry. This trans-
action had the effect of dampening the ardor of the whole
battalion of the Seventh, and was anything but creditable
to General Hawley, our brigade commander, who, in-
stead of ordering the exchange to be made with his own
regiment, the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, ordered Colonel
Abbott to make the exchange, taking the carbines from
the left wing of the Seventh New Hampshire, which.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 217
much to the chagrin of the men, was acceeded to ; and we
only regretted that our colonel had not the sterling quali-
ties of Ethan Allen, to either plead against or resist the
order, which, if successful, would no doubt have been ef-
fective in preventing, in a measure, the disastrous results of
the battle which followed a few days after. However,
just before noon the left wing was drawn up in line,
the Fortieth Massachusetts was marched in front of us,
and the exchange was made; The writer, being one of
those who were doomed to lose their carbines, and who
was also one of the " rear rank ornaments" at that time,
wearing a sergeant's chevrons, thou£{ht he would exchange
with a sergeant of the Fortieth, and thereby be sure of
getting a pretty good Springfield ; so selecting a good
looking sergeant we at once proposed to exchange with
him, and the proposition being favorably received, we ad-
vanced and made the exchanjje, but such an exchange !
We had not seen his gun until he extended it towards us
for the exchange, — and then it was too late to back down,
for the proposal had come from us, — we had sized up
the condition of his musket by the appearance of the man,
but how sadly we were taken in, for the old musket we
got for our beautiful carbine was dilapidated in the ex-
treme. It had neither bayonet, hammer, nor ramrod. It
could neither be loaded nor discharged, nor could it be
used in a bayonet charge.
Regarding the condition of those old muskets, we can
only say that there was not a bayonet amongst them all :
and in one company, I, I think, thirty were reported unfit
for service, while in another company, D, to our personal
knowledge, there were nineteen of them deficient in either
lock, hammer, or rammer, and consequently were of no
more use to our soldiers than an equal number of fence
stakes. We never blamed the Fortieth Massachusetts for
the deplorable condition in which those old muskets were
2i8 History of the Seventh Regiment
found, for they had been roughing it, as mounted infantry,
along with the cavalry since the commencement of the
campaign, and had hardly been allowed time to dismount
and cook a ration of coffee, to say nothing of time to scrape
the mud from their arms and equipments. Colonel Ab-
bott, in speaking of the matter in a letter to the adjutant-
general of New Hampshire, near the close of the war,
says :
" I am compelled here to allude to a matter upon which
it is difficult to speak, after this lapse of time, without in-
dignation. On my return to Sanderson's on the night of
the 1 2th of February, General Seymour directed me to
turn over enough of the carbines in my possession to arm a
mounted regiment (the Fortieth Massachusetts), which
was in his force, and receive Springfield rifles in return. I
protested, but in vain. It was to no purpose that I urged
that more than three hundred of my men were recruits,
that since their arrival at my camp there had been barely
time to instruct them in the use of the carbine, and that
they were not drilled at all in the use of the rifle. The
order was issued, and the left wing of the regiment was
deprived of its carbines. The arms received in return
were of the Springfield pattern, and their condition may
be judged from the fact that forty-two of them were pro-
nounced unserviceable by the (brigade) inspector the day
after they were turned over to my command. The men
were dispirited, the officers were annoyed and chagrined,
and the whole effect of the proceeding could not have
failed to be embarrassiiig to an}^ officer.'"
Sanderson, w^here the whole tbrce of General Seymour
was now in bivouac, was about fifty miles from Jackson-
ville, and our regiment went out about ten miles, on the
1 2th, towards Lake City, making the whole distance that
we had reached from Jacksonville, sixty miles. Upon
leaving St. Helena Island, S. C, on February 4, our
SERGT. GEORGE A. HUKGE,
Co. H.
CORP. JOHN W. IIAVDEN,
Co. H.
SERGT. D.WIEI. \V. IIAVDEX,
Co. H ( War time ).
SERGT. DANIEL W. IIAYDEN,
Co. H( Peace).
New Hampshire Volunteers. 219
reports showed six hundred and fifty men tit for duty, and
thus far we had met with no loss, except that of the
carbines.
At noon of the 13th, the exchange of carbines for
muskets having been completed, we were ordered to pack
everything, and at 2 o'clock p. :m. line was formed, and
the column at once started on the back track towards
Barbour's Plantation, a distance of about ten miles from
Sanderson and forty miles from Jacksonville, which place
we reached about 9 o'clock that evening. Here we extem-
porized a camp with rails from adjoining fences, and
tarried six days, spending a portion of the time at brigade
drill in the open woods near us, and raiding large turnip
patches and chasing some of the razor-backed hogs which
had been left in the timber around the plantation, until the
morning of February 20, which brought us to the battle
of Olustee.
While at Barbour's Plantation our rations gave out,
owing to delay in transportation from Jacksonville, and
many foraging parties were sent out, who succeeded in
collecting a large lot of sweet potatoes, Indian corn, a
small amount of bacon, etc. ; the corn, which was on
the ear, was roasted, for want of a mill in which to grind
it into meal ; but in a few days the commissary depart-
ment got rations and ammunition to us, and we were
again ready to take the offensive and attempt to carry out
the object of the expedition.
We had meanwhile given the rebels plenty of time and
good opportunities to spy out our position and learn the
strength of our forces, besides giving them the opportunity
to at once gather a large force from the Savannah and
Charleston garrisons and to build fortifications, in fact,
had, by thus delaying, given them every possible oppor-
tunity to contribute to our defeat.
Everything being in readiness and reinforcements hav-
ing arrived, which were composed of a brigade of colored
220 History of the Seventh Regiment
troops, we were again ordered forward on the morning
of February 20, towards Sanderson ; at daybreak we
quietly fell into line, and at once crossed the southern fork
of the St. Mary's River and started for the front, halting
for a few moments only as we gained the turnpike across
the branch, to allow a battery of flying artillery to gallop
past. The sky was cloudless, and as the sun appeared, it
warmed up the chilly atmosphere of the early morning.
It proved to be one of those beautiful Floridian days,
known only to those who have experienced them in that
everglade country.
We arrived at Sanderson's Station about noon, where we
were halted and allowed a short rest, after which we again
resumed our march in the direction of Lake City, the
Fortieth Mass. Mounted Infantry and four companies of
the First Mass. Cavalry protecting the flanks of the skir-
mish line, which was composed of the Seventh Conn.
Volunteers, which were thrown out in advance upon leav-
ing Sanderson's ; the order of march being, as heretofore,
a column of infantry flanking each side of the artillery
column as a protection against a flank movement of the
enem3^
About four miles from Sanderson's we first encountered
the rebel pickets, but they were driven steadily before us
for about two miles farther, when the enemy was found
in force. It was now about 3 o'clock p. m. as we came
upon the main body, but as yet we had found no artillery
opposing us, and one of our batteries getting into posi-
tion began shelling the enemy, who at once replied with
howitzers which they had brought down on platform cars
from Lake City. Their infantry occupied a fortified
position at the edge of a large swamp in front of the rail-
road bed or dump, which was at this place a few feet
higher than the surrounding grounds, forming a ready
breastwork in case they were driven out of their trenches.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 221
and which, owing to the curvature of the road, made
nearly a semi-circle around us. Their artillery tire was
very inaccurate and elevated, cutting and slashing the
tops of the tall pine trees in the open woods through
which we were then hurrying to the front, amidst the
danger to us from falling branches and tree tops. As
soon as the situation was clearly defined, an attempt was
at once made by General Seymour to bring the troops into
line, the line formation to be a brigade in column of regi-
ments on either side of our artillery, which was to occupy
the centre of the line. The firing was now begiiming in
earnest, as it was the work of a few minutes only to get
the artillery into battery front. The particular position of
the writer, at this moment, was on the left of the Seventh
New Hampshire, Company D being the tenth company,
which was then marching by flank, left in front. When
within two hundred yards of the enemy's works, the order
was given by our brigade commander. General Hawley,
to form column by companies, the order from Colonel
Abbott being, " By company into line," which was rapidly
executed, the company commanders repeating the order;
our regiment occupying a position at this time immediately
on the right of the artillery, while the brigade of colored
troops was attempting to form a line on the left of our
batteries, x^n order was then given by General Hawley,
to " Deploy column on fifth company," which was the color
company. Colonel Abbott, repeating the order clearly
and distinctly, ordered the battalion to face to the right
and left, when General Hawley, finding himself wrong,
said, "On your eighth company. Colonel Abbott!" when
again seeing his mistake, the General said, "On your
tenth company, sir ! " All the companies, except the
tenth, having already faced to the right and left, w^ere
marching to get into line as though deploying on the fifth
company ; and under the successive change of orders the
22 2 History of the Seventh Regiment
companies who were trying to deploy into line became
badly embarrassed, and being under a terrific fire from the
artillery and infantry of the enemy, and the wrong orders
having been given and obeyed upon the instant, and the
manoeuver having been partiall}' executed before the cor-
rect order reached them, the battalion had become so
badlv mixed that it could not be re-formed, althouj^h those
broken masses of troops bravely stood their ground.
It was impossible under the then existing circumstances
to deploy other than on the tenth company, as the artillery
was immediately on our left, and the companies of the left
wing could not have crowded into the space between the
fifth company and the artillery; and on the eighth com-
pany the same obstacle would have presented itself. But
the mistake of our commanding officers could not then be
remedied ; the ground was becoming thickly dotted with
the bodies of the fallen, yet those brave men faced to the
front and did what execution w'as possible under the cir-
cumstances, although the whole left wing was armed with
those same old muskets which had been exchanged from
some of the mounted troops attached to the command but
a few days before, not, however, until the guns had been
completely spoiled for efiective use at a time like this.
The broken column, which had now lost one third of its
entire number, only gave way when a portion of the col-
ored brigade was brought up in splendid style and filled
the space.
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill, of Compan}' H, in a letter writ-
ten home six days after the battle, in regard to the attempt
at the formation of the line of battle, says :
" We had marched all day by the flank, left in front.
The column was not deployed until we were all under
fire, and the wrong order was given. The order was,
'By company into line, march!' 'Close column!' 'On
eighth company deploy column, battalion, left face ! '
New Hampshire Volunteers. 223
when the order should have been. ' Battalion, by the right
and left flank, march!' The regiment was not fairly
deployed before the men began to fall back amidst the
confusion, and became more or less scattered, and could
not be properl}- re-formed again."
He thinks General Hawley, who then commanded the
brigade, blamable for the manner in which the regiment
was sent into the fi^ht, as it marched over a hundred vards
under his direction before the order was given to form a
line of battle. Sergeant Merrill says when the men com-
menced falling back, owing to the heavy fire in front, he
stopped where his company stood until the bullets came
faster from the rear than the front, and he had to get
back. He also says :
"When Colonel Abbott saw that a mistake had been
made, he added, 'As you were,' but the different com-
panies had already begun to execute the movement to
deploy, and before the tangle could be straightened out
they had begun to fall back."
At the moment the command was given to deploy
column the bullets were flying thick and fast from the
rebel line, but their artillery fire was high and did but
little execution to our infantry line on the right. The
tenth company stood fast, and was the only compan}- that
formed on the line, as it so happened, and onl}' fell back
W'hen the companies attempting to deploy had fallen back
and they had no support.
Meanwhile the battle had raged fiercely on our left.
The two regiments of colored troops, who had there been
ordered into line, never having been under fire before,
hearing the thunder of our artillery a little to the right and
rear of their position, and surmising that they had been
attacked in the rear, became partially demoralized, and
the Confederates at that moment attempting a flank move-
ment around on the right, they at once fell back through
oil
History of the Seventh Regiment
the artillery. The enemy now not only outnumbered us,
but had outflanked our infantry on our right, and had in a
very short time killed all of our battery horses, rendering
it wholly impossible to remove our artillery ; and as they
were constantly receiving reinforcements, which were
being hurriedly brought down to the scene of action by
rail in time to take part in the affray, the tide of battle
soon turned in their favor, and the Union troops were
obliged to retire, leaving six pieces of artillery, which had
to be abandoned as we could not drive the rebels from the
field ; for we had no support nearer than Jacksonville or
Hilton Head, S. C, and no fresh troops could be ordered
up to our relief.
At the commencement of the battle, according to the
statistics of both Confederate and Federal reports, the
forces were about evenly divided (5,400 Confederates and
5,500 Federals), with the intrenched position in favor of
the Confederates ; but during the afternoon reinforce-
ments were constantly arriving, which finally gave them
the advantage in numbers.
Our forces were ordered into action by detachments and
were beaten in detail, and orders ^\ere given by the com-
mandincr officers about sunset to retire from the field.
An attempt was made during the battle by the Sixth and
Thirty-second Georgia regiments (Confederate) to turn
our right flank ; but the movement was frustrated b}' men
from the Seventh under officers of the different companies,
conspicuous among whom were Captains Chase, Ames,
Mason, and Clifford.
One little incident came immediately under our eye,
and is particularly worthy of mention, as it showed the
coolness of some of the New Hampshire boys, and it will
also be remembered by other comrades who happened to
be in the same crowd. As we were leaving the field,
the writer, by mere chance, came up with Capt. James M.
.nil
■ 1
f
1^
i •
^
SEKGT. WIXSLOW J. SPAI.DIXG,
Co. H( War time).
SKRGT. WINSLOW J. SPALDING,
Co. H( Peace).
1%
(
CORF. CHARLES A. HALE,
Co. H (War tiiue).
CORP. CHARLES A. HALE,
Co. H (Peace).
New Hampshire Volunteers. 225
Chase, of our regiment, who by some means had, like the
writer, got left, for the regiment had been gone for some
moments ; the captain proposed that we gather up all the
men we could and act as a rear guard, as none seemed to
have been detailed to perform that duty before leaving the
field, and we at once commenced collecting all the men
we could find as we slowly retreated. Our defeat was so
severe and unexpected, and our lack of transportation so
meagre, that we were compelle.d to leave our killed and
most of our wounded in rebel hands. However, we soon
succeeded in stopping and collecting nearly a hundred
soldiers belonging to the different organizations, and
among them we remember the faces of Sergts. Georo;e
F. Robie and James H. Caldwell, of the Seventh New
Hampshire. The captain, as the ranking officer present,
assumed command, dressed the line, and at once advanced
towards the rebel line over a portion of the field which
our defeated troops had just left, until we came upon a
rebel skirmish line slowly but cautiously advancing, and
whose fire we at once received, at which time a Minie ball
struck the captain on the instep of the left foot, but not
disabling him. Noticing a heavy line of battle following
close in the rear of the rebel skirmishers, we had no
alternative but to retreat, which we did, firing as we went,
for nearly half a mile. We had now been under fire
more than three hours, and as the last rays of the setting
sun shone in amonj^st the trunks of those tall old Florida
pines, which sparsely wooded the country around us, we
knew we were the last of our defeated army to leave the
field ; and as darkness was fast coming on, we hurried
along, overtaking the Seventh Regiment, to which we
belonged, although a portion of our mixed command only
succeeded in finding their troops near Sanderson's Station.
The whole command was ordered back as far as Bar-
bour's Plantation that night, the rebels not following us up
15
226 History of the Seventh Regiment
as closely during the darkness. Had they done so they
might have " gobbled up" a great number of our men. who
were so jaded out that they could not keep up with the
column, and it was a great mistake on their part that they
did not tbllow us very closely as far as Jacksonville.
Regarding the disastrous engagement at Olustee, there
has been but little said res^rdino- the manner in which our
troops were handled. To those who were present and
took part in the battle, and especially those who had been
man}' times under fire and were veterans in service, the
cause was apparent. That the commanding officer did not
observe due caution is an admitted fact. Any general
officer of experience would deplo}' one or two regiments
into line when his skirmishers had developed the even
partial strength of the enemy in his front. This should
have been done as a precautionar}' measure, and should
have been done as soon as the firing on the skirmish line
became at all heavy. This would have prevented any
contusion or excitement in attempting the formation of a
battle line under a heavy fire and almost upon the line
to be assaulted. With such a line already formed, our
troops would have swept over the field, and could have
easily pushed the enemy back beyond the railroad, cap-
turing some of his artiller}', and would undoubtedly have
driven the rebel forces on toward Lake Cit}- ; but this posi-
tion would after a few days have been untenable, owing to
the small force of the Union troops and their distance trom
support, which was sixty miles away. If the movement
was intended for permanent occupation, then the sup-
porting troops, many of which had not even reached
Jacksonville on the date of the battle of Olustee, should
have been at Baldwin's Station, Barbour's, and Sander-
son's ; and, largely, the Florida Central railroad, as far
as Sanderson's, could have been equipped and utilized in
moving our troops and supplies. Under such generals as
I
New Hampshire Volunteers. 227
Strong and Teny, the results attained by such an expe-
dition would have been tar different and the engagement
at Olustee would have resulted differently. However, we
lost sight of General Seymour after this expedition, and
were never a^rain under his command.
The men who came out of the ficrht at Olustee and who
were so fortunate as to be able to keep up with their
commands during the retreat, will never forget the very
hard march that night back to Barbour's Plantation, with-
out a halt, making a distance marched since morning of
thirty-two miles. Many comrades fell out from sheer
exhaustion and were probably "gobbled up" by the
enemy. The greater part of our wounded, and especially
all of the worst cases, had to be left on the field, very
reluctantly of course, but it was a military necessity.
Some of the less serious cases were helped along until we
could get them on flat cars run up from Jacksonville,
and in some cases the cars had to be pushed by hand.
The whole command arrived at Barbour's about 2 o'clock
on the morning of the 21st, and having crossed the branch
of the St. Mary's River, proceeded at once to occupy the
same ground for camping that they had left the previous
morning. Upon our arrival at this place the troops wtre
about as near "tuckered" as it was possible to be, and
the men were only too glad to throw themselves down
anywhere to rest.
While halted at this place a list of casualties w^as at once
made out. It was found that the loss of the Seventh was
two hundred and nine killed, wounded, and missing, and
of this number eight were officers, one of whom. First
Lieut. George W. Taylor, of Compan}- B, acting adjutant,
was killed. First Lieut. Charles H. Farley, of Company
H, was severely wounded, taken prisoner, and died of
wounds in Lake City four days after. Second Lieut.
True W. Arlin, of Company E, was severely wounded
228 History of the Seventh Regiment
and died on the 23d of ]March following. Second Lieut.
George Roberts, of Company F, was severely wounded
and taken prisoner, and remained in captivity until almost
the close of the war. Capt. Joseph E. Clifford, of Com-
pany C, and First -Lieut. Ferdinand Davis, of Company
D, acting aide-de-camp on the staff of General Hawley,
were both severely wounded, but were not captured.
Capt. James M. Chase, of Company D, and First Lieut.
Robert Burtt, of Company E, were reported slightly
wounded, but remained with the regiment.
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill, of Company H, mentions a
remarkable display of courage and fortitude which he
particularly noticed at the battle of Olustee, by a man by
the name of Heman Maynard, more familiarly known as
" Shaker," of Company C. The sergeant says :
" 'Shaker's' arm was broken and badly shattered, and
he sat down behind a tree and shouted to the men to
' Rally around the flag ! ' One of the men, whose linger
had been shot away, was mourning over his misfortune in
the hearing of ' Shaker,' who laufjhed at him and told
him to look at his (Shaker's) arm. The next morning I
went to the hospital at Barbour's Plantation to see some of
the men, and there found 'Shaker' with his arm in a
slincr, while with the well arm he was assisting to care for
others, and cheerfully said, ' Glad it was no worse I'"
" Shaker" died long ago at Hampton, Va.
We rested at Barbour's Plantation until morning, and
were busily engaged in placing all of our wounded who
had been able to get back with us during the night or
early morning hours, into ambulances and on board cars
which had been pushed up by hand and drawn by horses
and mules from Jacksonville, in case of need, and then
resumed our march towards Baldwin's Station, where we
arrived at noon. Here we stopped to rest a few moments,
and during our halt at this place a large quantity of cotton
New Ha-mpshire Volunteers. 229
and five hundred barrels of resin which had been captured
were ordered to be burned, together with such of our own
stores and government property as it was found impossible
to remove. As we got into line to resume the march, I
think the comrades of our regiment will remember what a
dense, black smoke-cloud the resin and cotton made, so
black, even, that we could not see the sun, although the
day was clear and fine. Each man was here given
ninety rounds of ammunition and as much more as he
chose to carry, in order to save it from being destroyed.
That night we stopped at Baldwin's Station, within eight
miles of the rebel camp, Finnegan, which had, previous to
our advance, been used as a permanent camp, and was
provided with log houses for the use of the garrison,
instead of tents. After a few hours' rest at this place we
again started at daylight on our retreat, arriving at Camp
Finnegan about noon. Here the stores which our troops
had captured at the time of our advance, consisting of
bacon or smoked sides, tobacco, sugar, and clothing, were
dealt out promiscuously to all the troops, the men of the
Seventh managing to get a goodh' share of the bacon and
tobacco. What was not used or taken b}' the men was
destro3^ed. We rested here only a few moments, and
again started on our march, reaching a place on King's
Road about six miles out from Jacksonville that night,
where we went into camp temporarily, and were at once
ordered on picket duty.
The regiment stopped at this place until the next after-
noon, when we were ordered into line of battle and were
kept in line until about 4 o'clock, the pickets having re-
ported a body of the enemv's cavalry approaching ; we
were then ordered into Jacksonville, where we arrived
about 9 o'clock that night, and found a number of regi-
ments occup3-ing the place, among which was the Fourth
New Hampshire, which with others had been ordered to
230 History of the Seventh Regiment
Jacksonville as soon as the news of the Olustee disaster
had reached the headquarters of our department ; but they
had reached Florida too late to be of service to our
expedition. We found them engaged in throwing up
earthworks and otherwise fortifying the place.
On our arrival at Jacksonville we at once commenced
work on the 3'et unfinished earthworks around that city.
At sunset on the 27th of February, all of the original
members of the Seventh who were then present were
paraded before Col. Aaron F. Stevens, of the Thirteenth
N. H. Volunteers, who had been sent out from the State
of New Hampshire by the governor to offer inducements
to the veterans in the tield to re-enlist, and he at once pro-
ceeded to fulfill his mission b}' making a nice little address
to the regiment. At'ter we were dismissed and returned
to our quarters, the men began to talk it over. The terms
offered us were $400 government bounty and $2 premium,
of which $62 was to be paid upon our muster-in, together
with one month's pay ; and the few months we had yet
to serve were given us on our first three-year term, and
our second three-year term was to commence from date
of enlistment, and we were to be paid the $100 bounty on
the first term of enlistment the same as if we had served
out the full three years. The State of New Hampshire
paid $150 for each re-enlistment, and the bounties paid
by the different cities and towns in the State varied from
$150 to $300, and this was to be paid before the furloughed
men — for they were to receive a furlough of thirty da3's
— left the State for the front. They were also to receive
commutation of rations for the time they were on furlough.
Some of the men wanted the furlough of thirty days far
more than they claimed they wanted the bounty, and
taking everything into consideration, it was by far the
greatest inducement offered ; and there is no doubt but
that it w^as largely the furlough that caused one hundred
New Hampshire Volunteers. 231
and eighty-three of the original members to re-enlist.
The re-enlistments were all made within a few days, but
most of the men from the different companies, who had
determined to re-enlist, marched up to the enrolling officer
in squads and signed the roll on the 2Sth and 29th.
On the 1st of March, we were ordered into line, and a
portion of the troops had a lively skirmish with the enemy
a few miles out, who were reported strongly entrenched
at Baldwin's Station and numbering about eight thousand
men. The skirmish was contined to the picket lines and
their reserves. The Seventh was not engao-ed at this time.
Immediately after the skirmish all the troops were ordered
to move their camps inside the entrenchments, except the
mounted troops and flying artillery. As soon as we got
again settled down inside the trenches, an oven was built,
and the regiment soon had plenty of soft bread and baked
beans for a chancre of diet.
On the 3d of March, the regiment was ordered to move
its camp outside the entrenchments again, and the time was
now^ mostly spent in drills and doing picket dutv. On the
13th, we had religious services in the regiment tor the first
time since leaving Fernandina, Fla., in June, 1863. On
the 17th, the re-enlisted men got orders to be ready to
go aboard the steamer " Ben Deford"' at 10 a. 31. the next
day, and they felt quite happy to think there was a possi-
bilit}- that they might see home and their loved ones once
more. At the appointed time on the iSth, the veterans
fell in without arms, and taking leave of their comrades,
who would not and of those who had not been long
enough in the seiwice to re-enlist, marched to the wharf in
Jacksonville, under command of Maj. A. W. Rollins and
Captains Mason, Fogg, and Cain, and at once proceeded
aboard the steamer, which started at 11 a. m. for the
mouth of the St. John's River. Instead of the "Ben
Deford,"' the steamer proved to be the "Beaufort," and
232 History of the Seventh Regiment
quite a different craft, a sort of a crazy old boat ; and it
will be remembered she struck several times in crossing
the bar, but \Nithout other mishap reached Hilton Head,
S. C, at 7 o'clock the next morning, where they at once
went ashore and went into camp near the Sixth Conn.
Volunteers, who kindly loaned them tents for shelter for
the few days that they were to stop at this place while
waiting to be mustered out and again mustered in for
another term of three years.
On the 2 2d of March, the}' experienced an old-fashioned
line-storm, making it ver}- disagreeable to get far from
the quarters. On the 24th, the re-enlisted men were all
mustered and paid, and received the first instalment of
their veteran bounty ; and at 5 o'clock in the afternoon of
the 25th, went aboard the large steam transport " United
States," bound for New York.
On the 27th, when off Cape Hatteras. N. C, thev
experienced a terrible storm, and the veterans will never
forget it, nor will they forget how the bunks between
decks were wrenched to pieces and the lumber thrown
promiscuously' about the deck, and in the midst of all this
tumult a barrel of mess-pork broke loose from its moorings
and did much damage before it was secured. It was the
greatest wonder that none of the men got broken legs by
it. The captain of the steamer, in conversation with some
of the men, said that he had followed the sea for thirty
years, and had never been caught in so bad a blow.
The next morning the gale had broken up and the
weather was clearing and cold, with a stifi', raw breeze
from the northwest, and all this was found out by looking
up through the hatchway from between decks, for scarcely
anyone had been able to go on deck during the storm, it
being almost impossible to get a permanent hold with
either feet or hands : but it could be seen that the weather
had cleared up, and by the middle of the forenoon some
New Hampshire \^olunteers.
233
of the men ventured on deck and took observations.
Considerable debris was found to be scattered about over
the face of the boiling deep, which upon a closer inspec-
tion was found to be lumber of various kinds, which had
probably comprised the deck loads of some schooners
which had rode out the storm in that vicinity. The
steamer " Arago " was passed, from New^ York, bound
for Hilton Head, with a large three-masted schooner in
tow.
THE " NORTH STAR,"
a similar type of the steamers "Arago" and "Fulton," which plied regularly
between New York and Hilton Head, carrying- troops, stores, and mail.
During this trip the rations consisted of hams, cooked
by steam in large copper vats, and the men will remember
how the meat on those hams slipped from the bones when
the cook tried to take them from the vats. The coffee was
cooked by the same steaming process, and for bread the
well known arm}- hard-tack was turnished, a little tougher,
perhaps, for being thorough)}- drenched with sea-water
durincr the late blow.
234 History of the Seventh Regiment
The next day, March 29, the steamer was running along
the Jersey coast, with the weather cloudy and much
colder, and about 5 o'clock p. m. reached the North
Hampton pier at the foot of Canal street, New York.
The orders from Major Rollins were to sleep aboard the
steamer that night, which a few of them did, and the next
morning these men were granted passes to go ashore and
enjoy themselves, which everyone did to the best of his
ability. Orders were given that every man should be
aboard at 4 o'clock p. :\i., and at 5 o'clock they were
transferred to the Sound boat "City of Boston," bound for
Norwich, Conn., where they arrived on the morning of
the 31st. Here they found a special train awaiting to
convey the detachment to Concord, N. H., where they
arrived at i o'clock on the morning of April i, and
there tbund Adjt. Gen. Natt Head and his assistants on
the alert to receive them. The men were at once con-
ducted to the State House, where ham sandwiches were
dealt out for a lunch, and they were given shelter until
daylight, when, by order of Governor Gilmore, they were
conducted by General Head to the Eagle Hotel, where a
substantial breakfast had been prepared. During the day
the business of making out the thirty days' furloughs was
properly attended to, and towards evening the men were
scattering in ditferent directions to surprise the loved ones
and the " old folks at home." Every one of those vet-
erans now living can remember to-day just how kind and
generous that greeting was, and it seems to the historian,
as he recalls from memory the share awarded him, that it
was one of the brightest of those happy days long since
gone forever. Only a comrade who had been at the front
constantly since the commencement of the Rebellion could
fully appreciate the amount of pleasure these veterans
crowded into those thirty days, free from all of the
restraints of camp life.
New HAMrsHiRE Volunteers. 235
After the re-enlisted men had left for home, the regi-
ment continued at Jacksonville, being employed almost
constantly on picket duty until the 14th of April. The
disastrous defeat of our troops at Olustee had practically
ended the Florida campaign of Gen, Truman Seymour,
and the larger portion of his command was soon ordered
to Virginia, where, with other troops, they were to form
the Army of the James, under Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler.
On the 23d of March, the regiment drilled for the tirst
time by bugle calls, as skirmishers, which was an improve-
ment which the men were much pleased with, and the
large fields and open tbrest around Jacksonville made
exxellent drill ground. On this day the regiment turned
out under arms before daylight for the last time while in
Jacksonville.
x\pril I, the regiment received new Springfield rifled
muskets of the 1863 pattern, which exchange was gladly
made by the men who were in possession of the old
dilapidated Springfield rifled muskets that they had re-
ceived from the Fortieth Massachusetts, while the men
w'ho had the Spencer carbines (seven-shooters) were
sorry to make such an exchange. The duties of the reg-
iment during the remainder of its service at this place
were quite severe, the men being on guard or fatigue duty
nearly every day, and the small amount of time not
so occupied was utilized in drilling. The fortifications
around the city were reconstructed on a shorter line, that
the}^ might be held by a less number of troops, and the
old works, to a large extent, were leveled down, to prevent
their being of any use to the enem}-.
On the 1 2th, orders were received to make preparations
tor leaving, and on the 13th, the regimental baggage was
all placed on board the steamer " Cossack" ; at 8 o'clock
on the morning of the 14th, the regiment went aboard the
steamer, and were soon steamfing down the St. John's
236 History of the Seventh Regiment
River on the way to Hilton Head, S. C. At i o'clock
p. M. we reached the mouth of the river and at once
crossed the bar. The weather outside was rough and
grew so much more so that the captain of the steamer
decided to run into Fernandina Harbor, where we remained
anchored until 5.30 a. m. on the i6th, when another start
was made for Hilton Head ; and as we steamed out of the
harbor and down the river to the sea, we were quieth' tak-
ing our last view of Florida, where we had been so much
of the time during our army life that we felt quite at home
within her borders, but we were destined never to return
to this state during the remainder of our service.
The passage from Fernandina was quite rough and just
before reaching the Harbor of Hilton Head, S. C, we
encountered a severe squall, and a little before sunset
came to anchor in the harbor for the night. In the
evening we signed the pa3--rolls, and were paid for two
months.
At the time of our embarkation it was generally sup-
posed among the men that we were going to \"irginia, and
upon reaching Hilton Head we learned for a certainty
that, with other troops, we had been ordered to Virginia;
and it afterwards proved that the whole Tenth Army
Corps had been ordered north, and General Gillmore v/as
relieved of the command of the Department of the South
and was ordered to accompan}- the troops as corps com-
mander.
On the 17th, the "Cossack" steamed up to the wharf
at Hilton Head, where the regiment with its baggage was
transferred to the large Aspinwall mail steamer " Northern
Light." The Forty-seventh and One Hundred and Fif-
teenth N. Y. \^olunteers also came on board to share with
us the trip to Virginia to join the armies under General
Grant. It took all day to get the baggage aboard and to
get read}- to sail.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
237
The morning of the iSth dawned beautifully clear.
Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Terry came on board, and at 10
o'clock the steamer swung from her moorings and started
for Fortress Monroe.
As we bade farewell to Hilton Head we recalled the
last two times we had sailed out of this spacious harbor —
once to go to Morris Island, S. C, and again to go to
Olustee, Fla., at each of which places we had left many
of our brave comrades who had fallen while bravely
fighting for their country ; and we recalled yet one other
depart:\ient iieadoliarters, hieton head, s. c.
time when we had so happily steamed up to the beautiful
little City of Beaufort, S. C, where we had lost many of
our best men, who were suddenly stricken down by disease
during a midsummer sojourn there, and it was with a feel-
ing of sadness that we noticed the now fast receding
shores of Hilton Head and remembered that the graves of
comrades of our regiment la}' scattered the whole length
of the Department of the South, which we were now
leaving, marking so plainly the pathway of our regiment
and contributing so largely to its service record.
With the three regiments of infantry and the usual
amount of baggage aboard, the steamer was fairly loaded ;
238 History of the SeveiXTH Regiment
the weather was beautiful, and the vessel made good
headway. On the 19th, the wind began to increase about
9 A. M., and b}' noon it was raining hard and the wind
had increased to a gale. We were now oft' Cape Hat-
teras, N. C. Many of the men were sea-sick, and most
ot" the others were glad to get into their bunks and wait
for the appearance of pleasant weather. We recall one
man who lav in his bunk singing hymns and reading
psalms for his own consolation and for the entertainment
of sea-sick comrades, but who, when the storm was
ended, at once turned his penitence into profanity and his
fear into bravery.
We had a bit of e.\xitement on this day, which was
occasioned by David Burke, an exceedingly large man,
a substitute belonging to Company C, getting hold of
whiskey in some way and getting intoxicated. When
sober he was one of the best dispositioned men in the
regiment, but when under the influence of liquor he was
one of the uo-Hest men imaginable. He commenced break-
ing up the Springfield rifled muskets, and at the same
time threatened the life of an}- man who should attempt to
arrest him. General Terry ordered Colonel Abbott to
have the man arrested, and if he could not be arrested, to
have him shot. While in the act of raising a musket
over his head for the purpose of breaking it, Burke acci-
dentally let it fall, the hammer striking him on top of the
head and knocking him senseless on the deck. He was
then placed in irons by Captain Freschl, who was then
officer of the day, and later was court-martialed, and
served out the remainder of his time at hard labor at the
" Rip-Raps," near Fortress Monroe, Va.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 239
CHAPTER X\T.
the arrival of the regiment at glolx'ester point,
VA. THE formation OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.
THE SEVENTH PLACED IN THE SECOND BRIGADE,
FIRST DIVISION, TENTH ARMY CORPS. THE DEPART-
URE FOR THE FRONT. PROCEEDING UP THE JAMES
RIVER. DEBARKATION AT BERMUDA HUNDRED.
THE ADVANCE TOWARDS WARE BOTTOINI CHURCH.
TEARING UP THE RICHMOND & PETERSBURG RAIL-
ROAD. THE ENGAGEMENT AT CHESTER STATION
AND THE BATTLE OF LEMPSTER HILL. SEVERE
ENGAGEMENT AT DRURY's BLUFF. ERECTION OF
HEAVY EARTHWORKS BETWEEN THE JAMES AND
APPOMATTOX RIVERS.
On the morning of the 20th, the storm had ceased, and
in the evening we reached the entrance to Chesapeake
Bay and anchored for the night. On the morning of the
2 1 St, the steamer ran up to Fortress Monroe, where orders
were received to proceed up the York River to Gloucester
Point, \'a., where we arrived in the afternoon; and the
Seventh at once disembarked and stood for the first time
on the '• sacred soil" of Virginia, where we bivouacked for
the night.
The formation of the Army of the James was at once
begun, and we found that troops enough had been ordered
to this rendezvous to form two divisions of three brigades
each, and the Seventh was brigaded with the Seventh and
Sixth Conn. Volunteers and the Third N. H. Volunteers,
under command of Col. Joseph R. Hawley, of the Seventh
240 History of the Seventh Regiment
Conn. Volunteers. These regiments constituted the Sec-
ond Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps ; the
division being commanded by Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry;
Maj. Gen. Q^ A. Gillmore commanding the corps. Di-
rectly across the river trom the camp of our corps was
historic old Yorktovvn, and there other troops were already
forming the Eighteenth Corps, under Maj. Gen. " Baldy "
Smith, — the two army corps being styled the "Army of
the James," and the new department thus created was
called the Department of Virginia and North Carolina,
and included in its jurisdiction the small Union force in
North Carolina, which was at this time occupying the
eastern shore of that state, with headquarters at or near
New Berne. This department was to be under command of
General Butler, who made his headquarters either at Fort-
ress iMonroe or in the tield with the iVrmy of the James.
The grounds at Gloucester Point were nice and level
and admirably suited to the purpose of battalion drills,
which kept us constantly busy. The extra baggage of
the whole command was sent to Norfolk, Va., for storage,
and the troops were reduced to the use of the smallest
amount of luggage possible, and were at once placed in
light marching order. Much personal baggage was sent
North, especially by the officers. Clothing was issued to
all who required missing parts ; and each man was re-
quired to have an extra pair of shoes. The regimental
books and records and the dress-coats and hats of the
men were placed in storage, and as far as could ever be
ascertained, none of this property was ever again in the
possession of the regiment. Undoubtedly, the books and
records were turned over to the War Department, near the
close of the war, and the other baggage and stores were
very likely condemned and destroyed.
Each day was now busily occupied by drills and inspec-
tions, and we all concluded that something was about to
CORP. NORMAN R. HOWE,
Co. H.
GEORGE H. RARTEMAS,
Co. H.
CAPT. JOSEPH FRESCIIL,
Co. I.
FIRST SERGT. ELWIN STURTEVANT,
Co. I.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 241
happen, but of course we did not know exactly what.
However, we were not long kept in suspense.
April 30, the regiment was mustered and inspected by
Major Santbrd, of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, Division
Inspector, and the Tenth Army Corps was reviewed by
Major-General Butler, commanding the Army of the
James.
May 2, the regimental baggage was loaded on a
schooner, to be sent to Norfolk^ Va,, for storage, and the
same day we experienced a heavy thunder shower, with
hail and high winds. On the 3d, orders were received for
the regiment to be ready to move at 4 o'clock the next
morning, with four days' rations and ninety rounds of am-
munition. A few minutes past that hour the men were in
line, and about 10 o'clock a. m. the regiment w^ent aboard
the steamer "Matilda," which had already taken on board
the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, and then la}^ at anchor in
York River. Earl}^ on the morning of the 5th, before
daylight, the steamer left Gloucester and reported at For-
tress Monroe, where, in conjunction with the rest of the
expedition, consisting of about one hundred vessels of
all sizes and descriptions, they at once proceeded up the
James River, reaching Bermuda Hundred a little past 7
o'clock in the evening, where w^e anchored for the night.
The following dispatch from General Butler to General
Grant gives a correct idea of the magnitude of the expe-
dition :
City Point, Va., May 5, 1S64.
We have seized Wilson's Landing. A brigade of Wild's
colored troops are there. At Fort Powhatan Landing two
regiments of the same brigade have landed. At City Point
Hinck's Division, with the remaining troops and a battery,
have landed. The remainder of both the Eighteenth and
Tenth Army Corps are being landed at Bermuda Hundred,
above the i\ppomattox. No opposition experienced thus
far. The movement was apparently a complete surprise.
16
242 History of the Seventh Regiment
Both army corps left Yorktown during last night. The
monitors are all over the bar at Harrison's Landing and
above City Point. The operations of the fleet have been
conducted to-dav with energ}' and success. Generals
Smith and Gillmore are pushing the landing of the men.
General Graham, with the arm}- gunboats, led the advance
during the night, capturing the signal station of the rebels.
Colonel West, with 1,800 cavahy, made several demon-
strations from Williamsburg yesterday morning. General
Kautz left Suffolk this morning with his cavalry for the
service indicated during the conference with the lieuten-
ant-general. The " New York," flag of truce boat, was
found Iving at the wharf, with four hundred prisoners,
whom she had not had time to deliver. She went up yes-
terday morning. We are landing troops during the night,
a hazardous service in the face of the eneni}-.
Benj. F. Butler,
To A. F. Puffer, ^^^J' ^^''^' Covimandmg.
Cap. and A. D. C.
The reiximent landed at davlig-ht on the morning of the
6th, and about 9 o'clock the brigade to which we belonged
was marched out about seven miles towards Ware Bottom
Church, where the troops encamped for the night: and it
was near this place that the main line of earthworks was
afterwards constructed and known as the '' Defenses of
Bermuda Hundred."
When we halted that night our regiment, excepting the
one on the skirmish line, was in the advance, and we had
just boiled our coflee and were drinking it and eating a
couple of hard-tack when General Butler and staft' rode
through the lines ; as he passed we cheered him heartily,
and he returned our cheers by taking oft' his hat. He
continued his ride up the road and out through our skir-
mish line, and was soon fired upon by some Confederates,
who were in ambush waiting for our men to advance.
The general and staff' came back much faster than they
had advanced, and our regiment was at once ordered to
New Hampshire Volunteers. 243
advance. We were deployed as skirmishers, and advanced
as far as Ware Bottom Church, which was an old building-
situated in the woods. Some of the men of Company I
captured a mounted rebel. Not finding any further signs
of the enemy, we were posted as pickets and remained
out all night.
At Bermuda Hundred the time was passed for the next
two days in skirmishing for the purpose of finding the
enemv's position, and throwing" up earthworks, which the
comrades will remember was no " sott job,*' as they
worked away with pick and shovel, throwing up that
peculiar red clay, which was harder and firmer than the
ground around an old brickyard. But the men toiled on,
and the earthworks quickl}- assumed fair proportions.
The cold spring water which we found at this place was
a real treat, especially to those men who had so long
been drinking the warm, brackish water of the more
southern states. These cold springs were situated in deep
ravines extending back from the James River, which were
often from thirty to sevent3--five feet deep, the overflow
from these springs often supplying the water for a small
brook. A little Scotchman in Company H described his
pleasure in the tbllowing words : "I found a clear, spark-
ling brook, and when I saw the pure, cold water running
over the pebbles, it fairly made the tears come to my eyes
when I found I had no canteen to put it in."
On the morning of the 9th, the Tenth and Eighteenth
Army Corps again advanced, this time reaching the Rich-
mond & Petersburg: railroad, which for a loner distance
was rendered useless by tearing up the rails, piling the
ties with the rails on top, and setting them on fire-: when
the rails were thoroughly heated, they were crooked in
all conceivable shapes.
At daylight the regiment fell into line in light marching
order, with two days" rations in the haversacks. About 7
244 History of the Seventh Regiment
o'clock we marched with the brigade toward Chester
Station on the Richmond & Petersburg raih'oad, arriving
there about noon. We were then marched toward Peters-
burg, but our advance was somewhat slow, as there was
heavy skirmishing in our front all day. We reached Port
Walthall Junction at about 2 o'clock p. m., and were
stationed where the turnpike crosses the railroad ; there
we stacked arms and bivouacked for the night.
On the morning of the loth, the regiment was ordered
to tear up a lot of railroad track. A break was made in
the track, and the men were stationed along the side of
the road, with their muskets slung over their backs ; then
the track and sleepers were lifted at a given signal,
and turned over in about the same manner that a plow
turns over a furrow of greensward. Orders soon came
for the regiment to march along the turnpike toward
Richmond, word having reached us that the Confederates
were moving down in our rear, and a portion of our troops
were already engaged in the battle of Lempster Hill.
When we arrived on the field near Chester Station,
heavy skirmishing was going on to the left of the road.
General Terry rode up and called for the Seventh New
Hampshire, and told Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson to
take his regiment to the extreme left of the line, upon
a small elevation, with instructions to hold the position as
long as possible. Colonel Hawley had been suddenly
taken sick and Colonel Abbott was in command of the
brigade, and the command of the regiment devolved upon
Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson. With a cheer the regi-
ment tiled to the left on the double-quick. The troops
already engaged were drawn up in line at right angles to
the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, and were at this
time in a young growth of scrub oaks and other timber,
which were from three to ten feet tall, and were meeting
with varying success, advancing and retreating several
New Hampshire Volunteers. 245
times throuo-h this vouncj (vj-o\vth of trees, but were con-
stantly righting ; in their rear was a hirge open field, in
which the most of the movements of the regiment were
made. After lihng out of the road, we formed a line of
battle behind a rail fence in the edge of the woods ; then
pulling down the fence, we advanced into the open field,
passing a section of artiller}', and changed front to the
right for the purpose of supporting our forces in front and
at the same time be in a position to defend the left flank.
The rebels brought a field-piece into position on some
rising ground across a valley on our left flank, and com-
menced to shell us, but without injury, as their shots were
fired high. At the same time a large force of the enemy
were seen forming in the edge of the woods for the
purpose of attacking our flank. The regiment at once
changed front to the left to meet this attack, and after
tearing down one or two fences to allows any changes of
position that might be required, we took position in a lane
behind a "Virginia rail fence" in season to receive the
attack of the Confederates. They advanced, driving in
our skirmishers. We opened fire on their lines, and
quickly sent them back into the woods. The enemv were
now^ forcing our main lines back so that the}' were on a
line with the right of our regiment, which again changed
front to support them, but the rebels were driven back
without our help. Then the body of Confederates on our
left flank, seeing our changed position, again advanced,
but were greeted with cheers by the regiment, which
again resumed its position behind the fence, and had just
lain down on the ground when the advancing enemy
opened fire upon us, killing and wounding a few of our
men. As soon as their volley was over, we returned their
fire, which at once checked their advance and sent them
back in confusion, our regiment meanwhile cheering lustily
as they disappeared in the woods. The bod}' of the
246 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHEVRONS OF NON-CO>rMlSSIOXED OFFICERS.
CORPORAL
a.MSER(^T. SERGT MAJ. p/?,n,mus.
SERtT
PRIN. MUS 18^0
COM.SEKCT ^Q^Q^ 3£^^j
\snwm -COLOR corpl,
-CO/M SERQJ.
X
SICWL CORPS
PIOWEER CORPL. PlOAlEEK COKPS
New Hampshire Volunteers. 247
enem}^ which attacked us appeared to be about one thou-
sand strong, while the number of our regiment engaged
was about two hundred and seventy-tive.
We saw many of the enemy fall, and it was reported
that they had a colonel killed. However, the attack was
not again renewed by them, and we remained in undis-
puted possession of the field until withdrawn with other
troops from the position. x-\s we were passing a battery
stationed near us on our way to the rear, they loudly
cheered the regiment and said they " never saw a regi-
ment do better. General Terry said, as we passed him
on the lield, " They can"t throw Olustee in your faces any
more."
For its conduct on that dav the regiment was compli-
mented on the field by General Terry, the division com-
mander, and especial credit was awarded to Lieutenant-
Colonel Henderson for his coolness and determination.
At the close of this action the Seventh again returned to
camp near Ware Bottom Church. Thus ended the battle
of Lempster Hill. During the past two days the men had
suffered much from sunstroke.
The advance upon Drury's Blufi' was commenced on the
1 2th, and by a circuitous route the advance works of the
enemy were reached. This was on Thursday, and the
regiment bivouacked for the night on the west side of the
Richmond and Petersburg turnpike, near a place called
Purdy's. On the morning of the 13th, the Tenth Corps
made a long detour to the left, crossing the railroad at the
junction of the Richmond & Petersburg railroad with the
Clover Hill railroad, and moving on to Chester Court
House. An outpost of the enemy, captured at this place,
gave information of the position of the rebels, which
proved to be directly in front and strongly entrenched. It
was here, about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, that the Third
New Hampshire made a desperate and bloody charge.
248 History of the Seventh Regimext
The Seventh was formed in line with fixed bayonets for
the purpose of charging the Confederate works in our
immediate front, which were on quite high ground. The
trees had been cut away tor nearly a hundred yards in
front of the works. While waiting for the order to
assault, the hea\y tiring of the Third New Hampshire
was heard on our left, and in a few moments we were
ordered on the double-quick to their support. At the
same time the Fourth New Hampshire made a terriJic
charge on our right (the rebel left).
The regiment was again formed in line to charjre the
rebel works, but as the enemy had left their works, we
were happily relieved of this duty. We were then ordered
on the skirmish line, which was advanced to the railroad,
where a continuous firing was kept up. The men who
were on the railroad will not forget the many trains that
came down from Richmond heavily loaded with Confed-
erate troops. We held our position till late in the evening,
when the regiment was relieved and ordered back to rifle-
pits on the hill, where they bivouacked for the night.
The Eighteenth Corps captured the entire right of the
line the same evening, and the rebels were at once forced
back upon their works at Fort Darling, and the first line
of the outer defenses of Richmond were secured in our
immediate front. On Saturday, the 14th, we had rations
issued.
The next morning the regiment was again ordered to
the front, and drove the enemy out of their rifle-pits and
through the woods and across an open field. We advanced
to the edge of the woods, where we lay on the ground
nearly all day. While in this position we were much
annoyed by a squad of Confederates, who were concealed
in some wooden buildings which were within easy rifle
range of our line. Their fire became so hot that Colonel
Hawle3^'s attention was called to their menacing position ;
New Hampshire Volunteers. 249
and after examining the situation, he at once sent an aide
to bring up a piece of light artillery. A lieutenant came
with it, and Colonel Hawle}' ordered him to fire the
buildings. The lieutenant at once trained his piece in
that direction, and the first shot went through one of the
buildings. The second set it on fire and drove the rebels
away from 'it, but the artiller}' drew such a hot fire from
the enemy's skirmishers that the lieutenant of the battery
soon ordered the piece removed, as it could ser\'e no
further good ,by remaining.
In the afternoon our skirmishers pushed the rebel skir-
mish line back on their entrenched batteries, and we then
advanced out of the woods and formed a line in the open
field tor the purpose, apparently, of assaulting their works.
Their batteries now opened a rapid fire on us, but the
officers and men of the reo[iment w'ere as cool as if on
parade, and formed the line with as much precision.
With the caution to " dress on the colors," we advanced
across an open field, cheering as we went, to the top of a
low- ridge in a clover field, where we were ordered to lie
down. The enem}- continued to shell us until after dark,
when they made an attack on us with their infantry, some
of them advancing to within fifty or sixt}^ yards of our
lines, but the}' were quickly driven back. Between 8 and
9 o'clock p. M. the Seventh was relieved by the Third
N. H. Volunteers, and we were ordered to the rear,
back of the woods. The loss of the regiment during the
day was considerable, one company, H, having six men
wounded.
Sergeant Merrill, of Compan}- H, reports the following
incident which occurred during that day :
"After the regiment had advanced across the open field
and had lain down on the ridge in the clover field, many
of the men dug holes with their bavonets and tin plates,
throwing the earth up in front for a slight protection for
250 History of the Seventh Regiment
their heads against the stray bullets that occasionally went
past us with a ' ping.' The sergeant, having got his hole
dug, placed in it a pillow of green clover, lay down with
his head in the hole on the clover, about sunset, and at
once went to sleep amidst the noise and din of cannon and
bursting shells, for the men were very tired and sleepy ;
the next thing he remembered was that another com-
rade of his company, by the name of Lovering, w^ho had
stood beside him all day in the front rank, was kicking
him and at the same time saying, ' Merrill, are you dead?
If you are not, get up here ; t!ie rebels are right on top of
us I They are right there — don't 3'ou see them ? I
thought you were dead !' "
However, before the sergeant could get onto his feet,
the rebels had commenced to retreat, yet some of them
were less than a hundred yards distant and still firing at
our line. Those were the last words spoken by Comrade
Lovering to Sergeant Merrill, and probably the last ever
spoken by him, for he was at that instant shot through the
windpipe in the throat, although the sergeant did not know
it at the time, as it was then quite dark : but he thought it
was very strange that Comrade Lovering should leave the
ranks and walk off without speaking to anyone. A few
days later it was reported to the company that Comrade
Lovering had died at Fortress Monroe, of gangrene in his
wound.
On the 15th, which was Sunday, the firing and sharp-
shooting was very heavy along a portion of the line, and
all day long, in plain sight of our outposts, long trains of
cars loaded with troops would come down the railroad as
far as they dared, unload their troops, and go back for
another load ; through this channel the rebels in our
immediate tVont were reinforced, and this was reported by
Lieut. W. F. Spaulding, of Company C, to the brigade
officer of the day, but no notice seemed to be taken of it.
New Ha.mpshire Volunteers. 251
All day Sunday the Seventh was stationed where they
had bivouacked the night before, verv near to the extreme
lelt of General Butler's battle line. Monday mornino-,
jNIay 16, opened with a fog so dense that we could hardly
see the third man on our right or left, and quite earl}^ we
heard tremendous volleys of musketry aw^ay on our right.
We concluded that a charge was to be made along the
whole line, as a portion of our brigade had already
received orders to prepare to assault the enemy's works.
We soon got orders, however, to move by the right flank
at a double-quick and report to General Smith of the
Eighteenth Army Corps, and we hurried across fields and
patches of woodland for this purpose.
While in one of these wooded sections we heard cheer-
ing in our front, as we were then marching by the right
flank. Colonel Abbott at once called out, " Cheers,
boys," and we started to give them with a will, but
quickly stopped as the cheering regiment opened fire on
us, supposing our regiment to be the enemy in their
immediate rear ; but happily their fire was high, and only
four of our men were wounded. Only one volley was
fired, as the mistake was almost instantly discovered. We
proceeded on our course until we came to the Richmond
and Petersburg turnpike, where we were formed in line
with several other regiments at right angles with and
directly across the roadway, just in front of a large, old-
fashioned dwelling known as the Half-Way House. Our
regiment occupied the right of the line. We were to
cover the falling back of our forces to the line of the
Bermuda Hundred defenses. We remained here until
everything had been safely removed to the rear, and just
betbre we began to tall back as rear-guard, the rebels
placed tw^o pieces of light artillery in the road in our front
and commenced shelling us. It was not pleasant to stand
there on that large open plain, and watch those rebel
252 History of the Seventh Regiment
artillerymen load and fire their pieces, and see with each
puff of smoke the shells come directly toward us : but w^e
had not long to endure this, as a battery of our rifled
artillery on a hill in our rear soon opened upon them,
which caused the "Johnnies " to quickly limber up their
pieces and get to the rear. Our loss on the retreat was
only one man.
We now learned that the rebels had made a flank move-
ment under cover of the dense fog then prevailing, moving
a large force to the right and rear, and had also fiercely
assaulted the right of our lines, which were held by the
Eighteenth Corps, and which extended to the banks of the
James River; the}' were partially successful, capturing
General Heckman and nearl}' the whole of his brigade.
The enemy at this moment pressed heavily upon our lines
from the front, and there was no alternative but to draw
back our lines, which movement was at once ordered, and
was no sooner perceived by the enemy than the}- brought
a Ibrce around our left flank and charged us in the rear :
this movement was quickly discovered by General Terry,
who rode along the line callino- for the Third New
Hampshire : nobly they responded, for the rebel charge
was at once checked, and our lines were thus allowed to
fall back slowly, fighting as they went, until they reached
their former works in front of Bermuda Hundred, where
we arrix'ed at dark.
It is said that Generals Gillmore and Smith advised
General Butler to ibrtify his position in the immediate
front of Fort Darlincr, durino- the Sunday that we lay near
their w^orks, but nothing was done. It would have enabled
us to hold what we had already gained by such hard fight-
ingr, for then we should have held or at least covered the
railroad from Richmond to Petersburg. But General
Butler said, " No, I am going right into Richmond," and
took no lurther notice of their advice. One thing is cer-
New Hampshire Volunteers.
=53
tain, however, that some time at'terwards, when he did not
get into Richmond, he cleverly managed to get first one
and then the other of these generals relieved of their com-
mands under him. Any comrades of the Seventh who
fully understood the situation and were present at the
time, will fully appreciate the truthfulness of General
Grant's remark about General Butler being "bottled up"
at Bermuda Hundred, for we surely were in a very
awkward position.
EARTHWORKS NEAR BERMUDA IIUXDRED, VA. ARMY OP' THE
JAMES.
In the battles of Lempster Hill and Chester Station,
and in the advance on Drury's Blufi^ the loss in the
Seventh had been considerable. Among the officers, Capt.
Charles Hooper, of Company A, was wounded on the
1 6th, and First Lieut. Heber J. Davis, of Compan}^ B,
who was serving as an aide-de-camp on Colonel Hawlev's
staff, was severely wounded on the 14th ; a full list and
254 History of the Seventh Regiment
record of all the casualties among the enlisted men will
be found in the appended regimental roster.
The only change which had occurred among the officers
of the regiment since leaving Florida, was the muster-out
of Second Lieut, Francis Lovejoy, of Company H, who
was honorably discharged on surgeon's certificate of dis-
ability, to date April 28, 1S64.
On the 17th. we were set at work on our breastworks,
making them much stronger, and building a series of
strong forts just outside our main works, and at short
intervals, from the James River to the Appomattox. The
rebels at the same time established their line of pickets
directly in front of our own line, and in some places
within a stone's throw of our posts, and farther back in
their rear they were very busy constructing a strong line
of heavy earthworks, parallel to those which were con-
structed by the Army of the James.
The following official report of Colonel Abbott will be
found very interesting, and is accurate in all its details :
Headql'arters 7th N. H. Vols.,
Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 17. 1S64.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore, A. A. General :
Sir, — I have the honor to submit the following report of
the part taken by my regiment in the late expediton, com-
mencing on Thursday, jNIay 12, and closing on Monda}',
May 16 :
On Thursday, May 12, under command of Lieutenant-
Colonel Henderson, the regiment marched to the place
known as Purdy's, on the turnpike, and there bivouacked :
at that place I joined it during the night. The next
morning. May 13, I marched towards Chester Station,
passed it, crossed the railroad, and proceeded in the
direction of Chester Court House ; thence turning towards
the right, again approached the railroad and a rebel
earthwork, which it was proposed to assault. By order
of Colonel Hawley, commanding the Second Brigade,
New Hampshire A'olunteers. 255
Terry's division, I took position fronting the eartliwork,
in order to support a battery. While in that position, the
assault on that work was commenced on my left, and I
was ordered to support it. I accordingly moved in that
direction, across a small stream, and passed up towards
the earthwork and took position in the edge of the woods
fronting it. I there met the Third Regiment N. H. ^"ol-
unteers fallincj back. An assault havino; been made on
the opposite side of the work, and the Seventh Conn.
Volunteers having come up on my left, an advance was
made, and it was ascertained that the works had already
been evacuated.
I was ordered by Brigadier-General Terry to proceed
into a piece of wood, and from its edge obtain a flanking
lire on a battery posted in a field about six hundred yards
from the earthwork. I at once proceeded, skirmishing
through the wood, and reached a point opposite where the
battery was posted, and found that it had retired within an
earthwork. I then sent forward skirmishers to examine
the earthwork, and ascertained that it contained three
pieces of artillery, supported by intantry. I then called
in the skirmishers to the railroad, and remained until
about 10 o'clock p. m., when I was relieved, and returned
within the entrenchments for the night.
The next da}'. May 14, I occupied a portion of the front
of the whole line of Terry's division, which had been
advanced about a mile to the eastward. This position was
directly in front of a stronor earthwork. During the after-
noon the line was advanced within two hundred and fifty
yards of the earthwork, and at that point I held a position
on the left of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers. The firing,
both from artillery and musketry, was constant : after
dark my position was assaulted by a heavy iorce which was
handsomely repelled. By order of Colonel Hawley, hav-
incr been relieved by the Third N. H. Volunteers, I
withdrew, about S o'clock p. m., to a field four or five
hundred yards in the rear, where the command rested
until daylight on the morning of the i6th. At that time
heavy firing was heard on the extreme right of the
Eighteenth Corps, \vhich gradually extended along the
whole line to our front, and I received orders to form
line of battle and advance toward the earthwork already
256 History of the Seventh Regiment
spoken of. For about an hour I occupied a position in
the edtje of the wood frontincj the work, when I was
detached from the Second Brigade, with orders to report
to Major-General Smith, at the Half-Way House on the
turnpike. On the way thither I met General Smith, who
ordered me to take a position in the woods in front of
where I then was. I had hardly reached the position
when I was tired into from the rear by our own troops,
and had one otiicer and three men wounded. I then
moved to a point near the Halt-Way House, and was
ordered by General Smith to take command of the Tenth
N. H. Volunteers and a section of a battery, and hold the
approach by the turnpike. Soon after, by order of Gen-
eral Smith, the Tenth New Hampshire was withdrawn to
the right; and it being reported by the officer command-
ing the skirmish line that the enemy was forming a heav}^
line on m}^ left, I reported the fact to General Terry, who
very soon sent Colonel Plaisted, commanding the Third
Brigade of his division, with two regiments to strengthen
the position. I remained at the Half-Way House, in the
position which I iirst occupied, until about 3 o'clock p. m.,
when I withdrew, by order of General Terry, on the turn-
pike, and thence retired within the entrenchments.
Of the conduct of my command, both officers and men,
during this expedition, I desire to speak with more than
ordinary emphasis. Although the command was in almost
constant service for live days, with unusual exposure, with
short rations, and much of, the time under severe tire, I
know of few, if any, instances of orders which were not
obeyed with cheerfulness and alacrity. And in all cases
when exposed to the lire of the enem\% the command
behaved with the coolness and bravery becoming soldiers.
I have the honor to be.
With great respect,
Your obedient servant,
Jos. C. Abbott,
Colonel jth Nezu Hampshire Volunteers.
^
h
s^
CHARLES A. ROWEI,L,
Co. I.
DANIEL L. ORDWAV,
Co. I.
CAPT. PAUL WHIPPLE,
Co. K.
SAMUEL A. SIMONDS,
Co. K.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 257
CHAPTER XVII.
THE RETURN OF THE RE-ENLISTED MEN TO THE REGI-
MENT. HEAVY FIRING ON THE PICKET LINE AND
ARTILLERY DUELS EVERY DAY. THE FIRST DEM-
ONSTRATION ON PETERSBURG, VA. THE EXPEDITION
A FAILURE. GENERAL GILLMORE RELIEVED FROM
THE COIMMAND OF THE TENTH AR.AIY CORPS. THE
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC SWINGS AROUND TO PETERS-
BURG. THE EIGHTEENTH AR3IY CORPS DETACHED
FROM THE ARMY OF THE JAMES AND SENT TO THE
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. THE REBEL EARTHWORKS
IN FRONT OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES EVACUATED.
THE REBEL ARMY IN OUR FRONT LEAVE HUR-
RIEDLY, AND BETWEEN TWO DAYS, FOR PETERS-
BURG. THE SEVENTH WITH OTHER TROOPS START
FOR THE RICHMOND & PETERSBURG RAILROAD, AND
MEET THE ADVANCE OF LEE's ARMY ON THEIR WAY
TO PETERSBURG. THE CONFEDERATES " LOSE "
GENERAL GRANT, BUT SUDDENLY FIND HIM SOUTH
OF THE APPOMATTOX.
The re-enlisted men of the Seventh, who had been
enjoying their furlough in New Hampshire, reported, with
few exceptions, as they had been ordered to do, on May
3, at the military barracks in Concord, N. H., where the
furloughs were gathered up as the men passed through
the entrance to the grounds. Those who did not report at
this rendezvous at the appointed time were to be consid-
ered deserters, unless a good reason could be furnished
for not doing so. Here rations were issued, and at 3
17
258 History op^ the Seventh Regiment
o'clock p. M. a train was in readiness at the depot, aboard
of which they were ordered, and immediately started for
New London, Conn. Again it became a painful duty to
bid their families and friends " good bye," but the}- assured
them that as certain as they had returned to them at this
time, so surely would they return to them at the termina-
tion of the w^ar, or at the expiration of this, their second
enlistment for three years. But little did the}' know, as
they uttered those assurances, that nearh^ one half of
these men who " veteranized" were destined never to see
their New Ensland homes again. The train made no
stops at stations along the route, except for the purpose of
changing engines ov^er the different roads ; the}' arrived at
New London about midnight, and at once w^ent aboard the
steamboat " City of New London," which was to convey
them to Jersey City, where they were at once transferred
by the steam tug " S. A. Stevens" to the steam transport
" Ashland," which w^as to take them to Fortress Monroe,
for they were to go to Virginia, where the regiment was
now stationed. They found this transport a very dirty, as
well as a shaky old craft, and w^ell crowded, as there were
about five hundred men on board belonging to various
regiments, on their way towards the front.
At 6 o'clock on the morning of the 6th, they arrived off
Fortress Monroe, but, for some reason, were obliged to
remain aboard of the crazy old craft until noon, when they
were ordered on board the " Ben Deford," under orders to
proceed at once up the James River : at 4 o'clock the next
morning they w'ere moving gracefully up the river, passing
at short intervals many fine mansions, which, from their
quaint style of architecture and the size of the shade trees
that ornamented the beautiful grounds surrounding them,
must also have been cozy places nearly a century ago.
They greatly enjoyed the ride up the James River, noting
all places of interest and passing an occasional gunboat
New Hampshire Volunteers. 259
stationed at some convenient point along the river. At 5
o'clock in the afternoon they arrived at Bermuda Hundred,
and at once went ashore and camped on the banks of the
river for the night. The}' lay in camp at this place, doing
nothing, until the nth, as there were no arms ready for
them or to be had at this place ; but during this time
they were detailed for fatigue duty in the quartermaster's
department, and were set at \york unloading government
stores from barges and schooners. While they were
encamped at Bermuda Hundred Landing, many wounded
were brought down to the hospital boats, and among them
some from the Seventh. It was while at this place that
many of the men were badly troubled with diarrhcea, owing
to using river water, as we have alwa3's supposed. Almost
every day could be heard the artiller}- firing at the tront,
and we well knew that something unusual was (foincr on.
On the 1 6th, very heavy firing was again heard at the
front, and during the day a lot of rebel prisoners were
sent down to the Landing, and placed aboard transports,
under a heavy guard, for the purpose of being sent back
to the prison-camp. That night the men were ordered to
join the regiment, and after marching until nearly midnight,
camped in a tract of piney woods near the road until
daylight, when they resumed their march, reaching the
regiment about .9 o'clock the next morning, and found the
men all in good spirits and momentarily expecting them.
The}' were just in from the attack at Drury's Bluff.
Upon arriving at the headquarters of the regiment, the
re-enlisted men had Springfield rifled muskets issued to
them, with equipments, and were once again on a war
footing ; and the regiment was augmented in numbers.
On the iSth, the regiment was ordered on fatigue duty at
the entrenchments, but during the day the firing on the
picket line became so heavy that we were ordered into
line under arms, and were placed in the trenches : at
26o History of the Seventh Regiment
nightfall the Seventh was placed on the picket line.
This kind of duty caused us to be on the advanced line
every alternate day, and during the night and da}- spent
in camp we were often called out under arms — some-
times from three to five times during a night and often two
or three times during the daytime. Ever}^ day there was
considerable tiring along the picket line, and many little
skirmishes and assaults from both sides of the line. It
frequently happened that we would be ordered into the
trenches for the night, to be in readiness to repel a night
attack of the enemy, and at such times all the sleep we
could get was taken with our equipments on ; it was
amusing to see the men crowding onto the highest knolls
or bunches of earth at the entrenchments, to keep out of
the pools of water which would till the trenches on the
nights when it rained hardest, which it frequently did at
this season of the year. After such severe drenchings it
invariably took us all the next day to get our clothes dried
upon us, for a change was out of the question.
In the immediate front of our brifrade, and in front of
our works, was a large, open field, flanked right and left
by woods. The rebels occupied the farther side of this
field, and had erected works similar to our own, though
far less formidable. This open field was debatable ground,
and artillery duels across this open ground were of fre-
quent occurrence and became daily affairs, but were devoid
of interest to any except the gunners themselves. On this
field the rebels would frequently charge our picket line,
take a few prisoners, and hold it until our forces, a few
hours later, charged the line, and recovered the lost
ground and re-established our pickets.
May 20, Colonel Howell's brigade of our division charged
the rebel earthworks, and captured a rebel battery of six
guns and about two hundred prisoners, including a Major-
General Walker, of South Carolina, in full uniform. Our
New Hampshire Volunteers.
261
picket line ran through the centre of this field from north
to south, and the rebels had established their pickets in
our immediate front. On either side of this large field the
woods gave a good opportunity to either army to make
small flank movements and capture a few pickets.
The camp of our brigade was just in rear of this open
field, and when the artillery opened, the rebel shells went
through our camp, spoiling our tents, in some cases almost
obliterating them, and causincr the men to hustle into the
trenches at double-quick ; but after a time our camp was
moved farther to the right and near the banks of the
HEADC^UARTERS OF .MAJ. GEX. B. F. BUTEER, NEAR DUTCH
GAP, VA. — ar:\iv of the JA.MES.
James Ri\'er, and the pickets of our brigade extended
from the James River through the woods and into the open
field. Here our camp was not shelled, and we could rest
in quiet whenever ofl' duty.
May 26, a detail for fatigue was sent to our regiment,
calling for three hundred men, which we could not exactly
fill, as we had less than that number fit for duty at that
time.
The Army of the James was largel}- reduced in numbers
on the 28th, by detaching a portion of the Eighteenth
Army Corps, which was commanded by Maj. Gen. \V. F.
262 History of the Seventh Regiment
Smith, to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, which was
then at Cold Harbor, under General Grant. This decima-
tion left the Army of the James in so weak a condition,
numerically, that General Butler could do no more than
hold his position, not attempting any aggressive movement
whatever.
Among the troops thus detached were the Fifty-iifth,
Seventy-sixth, and Ninety-seventh Penn. Volunteers ; the
Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth N. Y. Volunteers ; the
Eighth and Ninth Me. Volunteers ; the Fourth New
Hampshire, and the Fortieth Massachusetts. These
troops had served with us in the Department of the South,
and at the formation of the Army of the James had been
placed in the Eighteenth Army Corps.
On the morning of June 2, at 3 o'clock, the rebels
opened their batteries in front of our brigade and in the
farther edge of the open field, which at once brought us
up I'rom the mud of the trenches into line ; at daylight
they made a spirited attack on our pickets, flanking a
portion of the line in the open field, and captured about
one hundred and fifty of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers —
including, among other ofiicers. Major Santbrd, of that
regiment — who were occupying the picket line exactly
in front of us. The enemy continued to hold this por-
tion of our picket line until afternoon, when our batteries
opened heavily for about a half-hour and then became
silent. A battalion of the Third New Hampshire had
been ordered out to the picket line under Capt. William
H. Maxwell ; and a few moments after our batteries
ceased firing we heard cheering and musketry firing, and
soon learned that the battalion from the Third had recap-
tured the portion of the line lost in the early morning,
taking a number of the pickets prisoners — said to be about
twenty-five — and killing a rebel colonel, whose body was
brought into our lines. A heavy picket firing was then
New Hampshire Volunteers. 263
kept up on both sides until dark, when the volleys became
heavier, and the contest was thus tiercely kept up until
mornincT and durinjj the next forenoon. A detail from the
Seventh was on picket in the open field where the firing
was heaviest, and was kept up during the day.
In the afternoon a detail in charge of Second Lieut.
Charles A. Lawrence, of Company D, of which detail the
writer of this was one, was sent out to the picket line with
axes, for the purpose of felling some tall trees just in the
rear of our line at the edge of the woods, as they had
afibrded protection to the rebel sharpshooters ; but upon
reaching the line we found General Terry already upon
the ground. He at once countermanded the order, as he
thought it would draw the concentrated fire from their bat-
teries to our picket line in our immediate front, which had
just been re-established, and he wished to entrench at once
in order to be better able to hold the line. That night we
again manned the trenches, and got completely drowned
out, for it rained hard all night, and we had no shelter
of any kind except what protection our rubber blankets
afforded.
Those of our regiment who were on picket during the
night of the 7th were privileged to witness a beautiful dis-
play of Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights), the first we
had noticed since leaving New Hampshire, and they were
a pleasant reminder of home.
May 31, and for a few days after, both by night and
day, we often heard heavy firing off in the direction of the
armies of Generals Grant and Lee when in the vicinity of
Cold Harbor ; and we recall one night in particular, about
the 7th of June, from the sound which came to our ears,
it would seem that numerous assaults were being made,
one after another, and the heavy and almost continuous
roar of musketry, interspersed with artillery, was not
unlike that of distant thunder.
264 History of the Seventh Rp:giment
On the evening of June 8, we were quietly relieved
from duty on the picket line, and upon reaching camp
were ordered to take two days' rations, and start at 9
o'clock that evening for the south side of the Appomattox,
under command of General Gillmore. At 10 o'clock we
marched over a wet and muddy road to Broadway Land-
ing on the Appomattox, and crossed that river about 3
o'clock the next morning on a pontoon bridge, in the rear
of the left of our lines. After crossingr vve rested about an
hour to give the artiller}' and ammunition train time to get
over, that they might not be too far away when wanted,
and then started in the direction of Petersburg. After
marching a few miles we encountered the pickets of the
enemy, and steadil}' drove them towards their heavy
works, which it was the intention of our commander to
assault, and if the works were carried, to march directly
on to the city ; but for some reason the assault was aban-
doned, and after skirmishing about through the brush and
woods until noon, we had orders to retire, being told at
the time that the object of the expedition had been accom-
plished ; about sunset we recrossed the Appomattox and
returned to the camp we had left the day before, reach-
ing there about 8 o'clock p. m., prett}' well dragged out,
for on the return trip we were kept constantly moving.
We had been on picket the previous twenty-four hours,
with little or no sleep, before leaving camp for this expe-
dition, and for the last twenty-four hours without any
sleep and on our feet most of the time, making a total of
forty-eight hours of continuous service under arms.
The comrades who took part in this expedition towards
Petersburg will remember how the countrv through which
our rovite lay was conspicuously dotted by occasional
stacks of chimneys, where the residences of planters had
formerly stood — burned, we were informed at the time, b}''
Union cavalry during a former raid — which gave the
GEORGE E. HLTCHINSON,
Co. K (War time).
GEOUGE E. Hl'TCHIXSON,
Co. K (Poafe).
JOHN Ill'TCllIXSON',
Co. K.
GEOUGE C. VVOODBtMJV
Co. B.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 265
country through which we marched the appearance, at this
time, of ahnost a barren waste. But such is war, and a
" military necessity" atones for it all. The failure of the
expedition to capture Petersburg at this particular time
was wholly owing to the inadequate force under General
Gillmore. Even had we assaulted and carried the first
line of works, we had no support with which to follow up
the advantages we could have gained. With one whole
army corps, or even tw^o divisions, there is no doubt but
that General Gillmore could have gone into Petersburg
that day. Instead, however, the expedition consisted of
not over two brigades of white troops and one brigade of
colored troops, with one battery for each brigade and the
cavahy under General Kautz. The cavalry did the main
part of the service of the day, and it is said that they
actually dashed into the outer streets of Petersburg. It
seems, by some misunderstanding, that the dash of the
cavalry and the movement of the infantry part of the force
were not simultaneous, and the little expedition failed of
its purpose, but it is a somewhat unsettled question as to
the exact purpose. However, it is a well known fact that
at that time there were no troops in and around the imme-
diate vicinity of Petersburg : as Grant was at that time
on the north side of the James, Lee could not transfer
any of the troops composing the Army of Northern Vir-
ginia for the relief of the city, and the only troops of the
Confederates that w^ere available were those under Beau-
regard and Whiting in North Carolina and southern \"ir-
ginia. It has been said that General Bfutler severely cen-
sured General Gillmore for the failure of the expedition,
and on the 14th relieved him from the command of the
Tenth Army Corps.
The following report of Colonel Abbott will be found
interesting regarding this expedition :
266 History of the Seventh Regiment
Headquarters 7th N. H. Vols.,
Bermuda Hundred, Va., June lo, 1864.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore, A. A. A. General:
Sir, — I have the honor to submit the following report
of the part taken by my regiment in the reconnoissance of
the 9th instant :
I moved from camp at about 10 o'clock p. m. of the 8th
instant, and occupying the right of Hawley's brigade,
marched towards the Appomattox. I reached and crossed
the pontoon bridge a little before 3 o'clock a. m. of the
9th, when a halt was ordered. At about 4 o'clock a. m.
the march was resumed, on the road towards Petersburg.
Other troops were in advance of me. Nothing worthy of
note occurred until the column had advanced about five
miles, wdien the cavalry, which was in advance, encoun-
tered the enemy's pickets. This was not far from 7 o'clock
a. m. By order of Colonel Hawley, my regiment was
deployed in line of battle, and preceded by skirmishers
from the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, advanced across an
open field. The enemy's skirmishers retired, and by
order of Colonel Hawley, I returned my regiment to the
road, and proceeded through a belt of woods, across the
Petersburg & City Point railroad, down a slight ravine,
and came into an open meadow which extended for half
a mile on the right of the road, while on the left of the
road was partly open field and partly wood. The road
here took a southerly direction. I was first directed by
Colonel Haw^ley to form a line of battle on each side of
the road and at right angles with it, which I did ; but soon
after passing about five hundred yards from the edge of
the woods, I was ordered to halt. At the point where I
halted there were thick woods on the left and the meadow
above mentioned on the right of the road. This position
I occupied until about 12 o'clock m. On the left of the
road, at the distance of about five hundred yards, was an
earthwork, from which spherical case shot and canister
were occasionally thrown, but with little effect. At about
12 IM., receiving the order to retire, I proceeded back on
the road, followed by the skirmishers. I halted a short
time where the enemy's pickets were first encountered,
and then with several halts returned to the Appomattox.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 267
I arrived at the bridge at about 7 o'clock p. .m. After a
brief halt at this point I crossed and returned to camp,
where I arrived about 8 o'clock p. m. My casualties in
tlie reconnoissance were : wounded, two.
I am. Lieutenant,
Very respectfully,
Jos. C. Abbott,
Colonel yth JVezu Hampshire Volunteers.
After resting a couple of days, and in the mean time
taking occasion to fix up our camp so it would present a
more comfortable appearance, at least, we were again
ordered on picket duty. Nearly all day of the 14th and
15th, Grant's army, or the Army of the Potomac, was
passing in rear of our camps, and marching to the left
towards Petersburg. On the 15th, there were rumors of
General Grant's presence at our department headquarters,
and that he was really moving his whole army to the south
side of the Appomattox, which proved to be true, for on
the next day, at the usual hour for turning out into the
trenches, we heard heavy firing in the direction of Peters-
burg, and soon found out that a portion of the Army of
the Potomac had really crossed the James and Appomattox
Rivers in the rear of our position during the night, and
were already advancing on Petersburg.
In the morning, as soon as it became light enough for
us to see the rebel rifle-pits and entrenchments, we ascer-
tained that they had been silently evacuated during the
night, as those forces were the nearest available troops the
enemy could get into the defenses around Petersburg at
the shortest notice. So quietly had they left their works
that the most vigilant of our pickets only discovered their
absence at daylight. The official report of Gen. R. S.
Foster, who had command of the troops engaged on this
day, says that the information of the evacuation of the
earthworks in our front was conveyed to him about 4
268 History of the Seventh Regiment
o'clock A. M., but no move was made until long after sun-
rise. Then came the orders for us to advance, and with
the Third New Hampshire we marched out to the open field
in our front, and pushed on over their abandoned works,
leaving a few regiments of hundred-da}- men to level the
earthworks while we made for their second line, which was
also found abandoned ; again we kept on, with a heav}-
line of skirmishers cautiousl}' thrown out in advance, until
near the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike we found
them in force, and soon became convinced that we had
run against the advance guard of Lee's Army of Northern
Virginia, hurrying on to Petersburg. That portion of our
brigade which consisted of the Third and Seventh N. H.
Volunteers, which were at the front at this time, was com-
manded by Lieut. Col. Thomas A. Henderson, of the
Seventh. As soon as we struck the enemy, we at once
engaged them, and heavy skirmishing commenced ; but
as their forces were all the while pressing up to the assist-
ance of their adx^ance, our small force was driven slowly
back toward the rebel entrenchments, which we had first
occupied in the early morning, but we disputed every inch
of the way. We were kept out at this place until i o'clock
the next morninor, at which time we were ordered into
our camp, behind our earthworks which we had left in
the morning ; but we had already reoccupied and estab-
lished our old picket line.
The force we had struck so suddenU' near the turnpike
proved to be Pickett's division, of Longstreet's corps, of
Lee's army, on its wa}' to the assistance of General Beaure-
gard, and backed b}' the whole Army of Northern Virginia.
Beauregard was in command of the Confederate forces in
Butler's front and also of the defenses of Petersburg.
However, we had the satisfaction of knowing afterwards
that we had in this spirited fight, in which our loss had
been considerable, especially in wounded, held in check
SERGT. OTIS A. MERRILI-,
Co. H.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 269
nearly all clay the main column of the enemy in their
transit from the north side of the James to the south side
of the Appomattox, an affair in which less than four full
brigades participated. A portion of the troops engaged
tore up a section of the Richmond & Petersburg railroad.
We reached our most advanced position about noon.
We were in the edge of a piece of woods, and in our front
was an open iield, while to the right and front was a
young growth of wood. The bullets were whizzing fast
about our heads when the order came for us to advance
across the held ; as we moved to execute this order, the
fire of the enemy increased, wounding some of our men,
and when we had nearly reached the woods on the oppo-
site side of the field, we could see the enemy at our right
in a long line of battle in the young growth of wood, their
colors and the heads of their men being in sight in places
where the growth of wood was not as tall. The right of
their line that was in sight was within rifle range. Before
we came to a halt, we were ordered to about face and
return to the cover of the woods we had left, where we
lay on the ground for some time. While in this position
a young soldier of Company B was instantly killed, and
others were wounded.
I think the men who were with the regiment at this
time will well remember the stand our little brigade made
just at dark and just before we got back to the rebel
earthworks, which we had let't the hundred-day men to
level that morning. The regiment was in line of battle,
with the right resting on the road leading from Bermuda
Hundred to the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike. In
less time than it takes to write it, the writer noticed several
men wounded in his immediate vicinity, and casualties all
along the line were frequent at that time ; for we were
receiving a severe fire, and only for our stubborn front the
rebs would have charged our line. But finding us so
270 History of the Seventh Regiment
bold, they supposed we had a heavy reserve, while the
facts were that twelve thousand live hundred men from the
Arm}^ of the James had been sent to reinforce the Army
of the Potomac and had not yet returned, and we had no
reserve, excepting a few hundred-day regiments, which
had lately joined our forces and had never been under
fire. They were raw, green troops, just from home, and
were in the service for one hundred days onl}-. Those
that we particularly noticed were Ohio troops.
A little later we made the last stand of the day. One
wing of the regiment was deployed as skirmishers, and
one wing (the right) was held in line as support in the
woods between the rebel picket line and their main line of
works, which had that morning been evacuated. In the
rear of the rebel works (which had been partially leveled
by our troops at this place) was an open field. The
enemy advanced across this field on the double-quick,
with their peculiar yell, and opened fire on us as soon as
they reached the line of their main works. A number of
our men were here wounded and some of them mortally.
The regiment stubbornly held its position until about mid-
night, when it was ordered to retire. The casualties for
the day were reported to be twenty-two, of which eight
were killed or mortally wounded.
One particular scene that occurred about the time we
made our last stand that evening, and one that causes us
to smile now as we refer to it, was the manner in which
some of our cooks broke for the rear at that moment.
Just as we had reached the place, in the edge of some
timber, a few of our company cooks had arrived with the
customary two mess-kettles of cofiee, strung on poles and
carried stretcher-fashion by two men. The firing getting
particularly heavy at that moment, they grabbed up their
kettles and broke for safety. I can yet remember how
the spray from those coffee kettles was dashed as high as
New Hampshire Volunteers.
271
the heads of the men carrying them. As we held the
ground where we then were until after midnight, we saw
no more of our cooks or coffee until near morninfr- We
never thought any the less of them, however, for leaving
us so abruptly under such circumstances, for the}- got into
that scrape before they were aware of the dangerous
proximity of the rebels, and they had, really, no business
there ; but at such times our cooks were generally on
hand with coffee and rations when they thought the regi-
ment could be reached in safety, and the men supplied.
The next morning we were occupying our old picket
line, and found that the rebels had not yet lully occupied
their old earthworks in our front, althouorh there had been
heav}' firing at intervals during the night. Our forces
kept them back nearl}- all day, but it was not a permanent
victory, for they persisted, and tinally reoccupied their
works. We were then again ordered into our trenches,
•as it was feared that in case the rebels succeeded in
retaking their old works, they might feel sufRcientl}' elated
and encouraged to make an assault upon our lines. The
Confederates were at a loss to locate General Grant and
his army, but when he struck the outer line of works
around Petersburg with the advance troops of the Army
of the Potomac, then they located him ; but as a matter of
fact, General Grant " located " himself.
SHELTER TENT
EACH PAf(r JT^XXf j4rS
272 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER XVIII.
ARRIVAL OF ONE DIVISION OF THE SIXTH ARMY CORPS
AT BERMUDA HUNDRED FRONT. THEY DEPART FOR
PETERSBURG THE NEXT DAY. GENERAL GRANT
AND THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC " LOST " TO THE
CONFEDERATES. CONFEDERATE DISPATCHES. THE
REBELS REOCCUPY THEIR LINES NEAR BERMUDA
HUNDRED. — REORGANIZATION OF THE TENTH ARMY
CORPS. VISIT OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. ON THE
PICKET LINE NEAR THE JAMES RIVER. SWAPPING
PAPERS WITH THE REBEL PICKETS AND TRADING
JACK-KNIVES FOR TOBACCO. — ORDERS ISSUED TO
STRICTLY PROHIBIT ALL COMINIUNICATION BETWEEN
OUR PICKETS AND THOSE OF THE ENEMY. TERRIFIC
EXPLOSION OF POWDER BARGES AT CITY POINT.
On the morning of the 17th, a division of the Sixth
Corps arrived, and was ordered up to our entrenchments,
as it was expected that the enem}^ might attempt an
assault on our entrenched position. This division was
among the last troops in the Army of the Potomac to
leave the north side of the James River for Petersburg.
In the evening, about 10 o'clock, this division was silently
marched outside our works and formed in three lines of
battle in the open field just in rear of our pickets, their
lines extending nearly the whole width of the field. They
slept on their arms, and just before daylight were quietly
withdrawn. As an assault was not made, they departed
at once for Petersburg to join the rest of their corps.
Those of our men who happened on picket in the open
New Hampshire Volunteers. 273
tield that night expected to see lively work about daylight,
but felt sad tor the troops that were to be engaged.
That the rebels had " lost" Grant may be inferred from
the follow'ing dispatches of the day :
General Lee to General Beauregard :
6 A. M., 17 June, 1S64.
Am delighted at your repulse of enemy. Endeavor to
recover your lines. Can you ascertain anything of Grant's
movements? I am now cut otf' f rom all information. At
II p. M. last night we took the original line of works at
Hewlett's house. . . . Have directed that battery of
heavy artillery re-established and rails replaced on railroad.
General Lee to Superintendent Richmond & Petersburg
railroad :
6 A. M., 17 June, 1864.
Replace the rails and open the road at once.
General Lee to President Davis :
10.30 A. M., 17 June, 1S64.
Pickett's division now occupying trenches from
Hewlett's to front of Clay's. Field's division is on the right,
but I believe whole front of line not reoccupied.
Saw five vessels of enemy sunk in Trent Reach. Behind
lie the monitors. Counted ten steamers within the Reach.
Enemy made two attacks on Beauregard last night, but
were repulsed.
General Lee to General W. H. F. Lee, Malvern Hill :
3.30 p. M., 17 June, 1864.
Push after the enemy and ascertain what has become of
Grant's army.
General Lee to Wade Hampton-:
[No hour given.] 17 June, 1864.
Grant's army is chiefly on south side of James River.
18
274 History of the Seventh Regiment
General Lee to General Hill :
4.30 p. M., 17 June, 1S64.
As soon as you find Grant has crossed the James, move
up to Chaffin's Bluff and be prepared to cross.
General Lee to President Davis :
5 p. M., 17 June, 1864.
Assaulted and drove enemy- • • • We have now-
entire line, Hewlett's to Dunn's Hill.
The same was repeated to Beauregard at Petersburg,
adding, " All prisoners from Tenth Corps."
The substance of all this was that the rebels had got
back their entire line, but didn't know^ where Grant was.
Having gotten back their line, it would seem that Butler
made preparations to drive them out ; but he got no further
than to mass a considerable force in the open field that
night, ready to go forward at the w^ord, which for some
reason never came.
We have sometimes surmised that this was one of
General Grant's ideas, to make a feint at this point with a
part of the Sixth Corps, to lead the rebels to believe that
the Army of the Potomac w^ould strike here, while he
was gaining time at Petersburg and at the same time
obliging Lee to keep a large force in front of Butler's
entrenchments.
The following official report of Lieutenant-Colonel Hen-
derson will be read with interest :
Headql^\rters 7TH N. H. Vols.,
Near Bermuda Hundred, Va., June 17, 1864.
Capt. P. A. Davis, A. A. General, ist Division, loth A. C.
Captain, — I have the honor to submit the following
report of the part taken by the Seventh N. H. \"olunteers
in the action of the i6th :
New Hampshire V^olunteers. 275
At about 7 o'clock a. m. the regiment, together with the
Third New Hampshire, proceeded to the works left by the
enemy in the open held opposite batteries four and live.
At about 8 o'clock the regiment, by order of Brigadier-
General Foster, moved to the right, and then advanced a
considerable distance, formincr line of battle along the
edge of certain woods. Soon after, the regiments were
moved forward on the road leading from Bermuda Hun-
dred to the Richmond and Petersburg turnpike ; advanc-
ing by the right flank along the road, the skirmishers of
the enemy were encountered in the woods near a small
shed. A line of battle was formed, and considerable
skirmishing ensued.
By order of Brigadier-General Foster the regiment was
moved back, first a distance of one hundred yards, and
shortly after, still t'urther back, beyond the ravine, the
enemy's skirmishers following and the enemy appearing
in force, both in front and on the flanks. Remaining in
this position some time, by order of General Foster the
Third New Hampshire moved to the right, and advanced
to connect with the left of Colonel Howell's brigade ; the
Seventh New Hampshire formed on the left of the Third
New Hampshire, and proceeded to engage the enemy, who
appeared in front with a strong skirmish line and indica-
tions of a large force behind it. After about an hour,
the enemy appearing in force on the left flank, by order
of General Foster the regiment was withdrawn a short
distance to a line of rifle-pits abandoned by the enemy ;
after remainincr here a short time, the regiment w-as with-
drawn further to another abandoned line of the enemy's
works, and from thence still further, to the edge of a
piece of woods, where a line of battle was formed, the
right of the Seventh New Hampshire resting on the road,
and joining the left of the Third New Hampshire. In
this position the line was vigorously attacked by the
enemy, but the regiment held its ground. Skirmishing
continued until sunset, at about which time, by order of
General Foster, the regiment was moved to the rebel
works, where it had been stationed early in the morning
as a reserve for that portion of the picket line.
The regiment remained in this place till about i o'clock
A. M. to-day, when it was relieved and returned to camp.
276 History of the Seventh Regiment
I append hereto a list of casualties which occurred
during the day.
I am, Captain,
Very respectfully,
T. A. Henderson,
Lieutenant -Colonel yth Neiu
Hampshire Vols. Commanding.
On this date Asst. Surg. Moses S. Wilson was honor-
ably discharged ; the only other change that had occurred
in the field and staff of the regiment since April i, 1S64,
was the promotion of Private James M. Seavey, of Com-
pany F, to be commissary sergeant, April 12, 1S64.
It was on the evening of this day that the rebels re-
occupied their "gopher-holes" in front of their works,
which was their old picket line. This was the last act
in the reoccupation of their abandoned lines. They first
commenced by sending one or two men at a time ; this, of
course, drew the whole fire of our picket line on these
men, and the chances were that one or both of them
would get hurt before reaching their " gopher-holes."
This was found very unsatisfactory ; and after a short halt
in the proceedings, a long line of men, spread apart like
skirmishers, leaped over their works and ran for the
"holes." It was a race for life. The bullets flew thick
and fast. Many were shot and lay where they fell, and
others fell dead into their "gopher-holes"; but the ma-
jority reached them in safety, and quickly disappeared
from view, lying very low until the leaden storm was
over. Then at intervals a head could be seen looking up
and out. After this matters were more quiet, and there
was very little firing on the picket line. Their pickets
could easily and quietly have taken possession of their
"gopher-holes" at any time after dark, without the loss
of a man, which would have prevented a needless sacrifice
of lives on their part.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 277
On the morning of the i8th, when it was light enough
for the pickets to see each other across the open field, they
opened fire from their "gopher-holes" on the first man
they saw sitting upon our embankment in front of the pit.
We soon found they were not going to be on friendly
terms, for they opened upon every one of our men who in
any way could be seen. Previous to the last few days,
there had been, as a rule, a kind of mutual understanding
between the pickets on both sides not to fire on each other
unless an advance was attempted, and the courtesy had
extended to an almost daily exchange of papers and even
cofi^ee and tobacco. But the}' now opened in earnest and
kept up a steady fire all day, and we had lively times
along the whole line. The rebels charged portions of our
picket line twice in the latter part of the afternoon, but
were handsomely repulsed. A part of the Seventh was
on the picket line at this time in the open field, where the
rebels, late in the afternoon, reinforced their picket line
under rather hazardous circumstances. At first two or
three men jumped over their earthworks, advanced a few
steps, and returned. A few minutes later a strong skir-
mish line appeared, and rapidly advanced until their
picket line was reached. We supposed this w^as the
beginning of an attack, and consequently opened a rapid
fire on them. One officer was seen to fall, and others
were apparently wounded, but the line w^as not stopped.
A few minutes later several men were seen to come out
from their earthworks and carry the wounded officer back.
All troops not on the picket line were under arms all
day in our main line of earthworks. The killed and
mortally wounded during the day were four, besides sev-
eral w^ho were severely wounded, among whom w^ere
First Lieut. William A. Hill, of Company K, who was on
the picket line in the open field, in our rifle-pits. He
was badly wounded in the face, the wound being such as
278 History of the Seventh Regiment
to disfigure him for life, and was never able to ao-ain do
duty with the regiment on account of his wound. He
was a brave officer, and one who never flinched in time
of danger. Second Lieut. Charles A. Lawrence, who
was also severely wounded, was sent to the hospital.
The following dispatches will be read with interest at
this time :
General Lee to Wade Hampton :
18 June, 1S64.
If Sheridan escapes you and gets to his transports at
the White House, lose no time in moving your troops to
our right near Petersburg.
General Lee to General Early :
18 June, 1S64.
Grant in front of Petersburg. Will be opposed there.
Strike as quick as you can.
On the 19th, there w^as considerable tiring on the picket
line. An order was received at this time, giving per-
mission for the transfer of all seamen who might be found
in the army, at their option, to the navy. After such
hardship and exposure, and such constant fighting and
marching as we had seen for the past month, and with
such splendid prospects tor its continuance during the
summer, it was no great wonder that many men of the
regiment imagined that they had been sailors or should
he; and all at once conversation became loaded with sea
phrases, and everything around us seemed to pitch and
roll, besides having a seemingly bad smell of salt water.
But as far as could be learned, very few were transferred
to the navy from our department, and quite naturally the
whilom sailor turned soldier again.
On this date General Butler reorganized the Tenth
Army Corps, and placed it under command of Brig. Gen.
W. T. H. Brooks. It was composed as follows :
New Hampshire Volunteers. 279
First Division: Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry, with three
briiiades, the Second Brigrade being Colonel Hawlev's old
britjade of the Sixth and Seventh Conn. Volunteers and
the Third and Seventh N. H. Volunteers.
Second Division : Brig. Gen. J. W. Turner, with three
brigades.
Third Division : Brig. Gen. O. S. Ferry, with two
infantry brigades and one of artillery.
Cavalry Division : Brig. Gen. A. V. Kautz, with two
brigades.
There were also several unassigned cavalry and artillery
detachments and regiments.
On the 20th, a forward movement or an assault on the
enemy's position was surely contemplated, for during the
evening of that day there was a large force massed in the
open field, just in the rear of our pickets ; but no further
movement was made, and the troops were all ordered
back to their camps. During the night a large force was
sent from our vicinity to Petersburg.
On the evening of the 21st, the Seventh had orders to
pack up and move out to the north redan, just outside our
entrenchments, which movement we promptly executed ;
on the 22d, we were ordered back behind our earthworks
again.
President Lincoln and General Butler passed along our
line of heavy earthworks about midday. The president
seemed very much careworn, even to haggardness. The
summer weather had now come on in earnest, and quite
frequently the thermometer stood at 100 degrees. Artil-
lery duels were a daily occurrence, but the firing upon the
picket lines had now almost ceased, and the rebels seemed
contented and happy since they had recovered their lines.
We learned on this date that more troops had been sent
from our forces to some point for special work.
28o History of the Seventh Regiment
On the 25th, another expedition left, and among the
regiments were the Third New Hampshire and Sixth Con-
necticut of our bricrade, who were ordered to Wilcox Land-
ing, down the James River and below City Point, for the
purpose of supporting the embarkation of Sheridan's cav-
alry, who were hard pressed- b}* the enemy. They returned
in the evening, reaching their camp about 9 o'clock.
The Seventh was now allotted the camping-ground
recently occupied by the One Hundredth N. Y. Volun-
teers, which regiment had been sent away upon one of
the recent expeditions sent out from the Army of the
James. We noticed particularlv much heavy firing in the
direction of Petersburg during the 25th and 26th, and also
on the 27th, the firing in that direction was considerable.
Owing to the reinforcements sent to the Army of the
Potomac, and to the various expeditions being continually
sent in different directions, our duty became severe. We
were now on picket every alternate day, and the day
spent in camp was largely spent in erecting shade bowers
over our tents. We found that by taking a little pains we
could make them look beautifully, besides making them
very useful in keeping the sun away from our tents, for we
had "A" tents provided at this place for shelter. About
this time our brigade band was reorganized, and practised
every day in the woods just in rear of our camp. We
shall never forget the clear, cold spring of water in a
ravine back of our camp-ground, the supply being enough
for a whole army. When we came into camp on those hot,
sultry nights, after a twent3--four hours' turn on picket, it
was a rich treat to get down to that spring and get a good
draught of that pure, cold water ; and no better water
could be found on earth than that from the springs found
in the ravines along the banks of the James River.
There were many places along our picket line where
the videttes thrown tbrward at night would be onlv four or
New Hampshire Volunteers. 281
five rods from those of the enemy, and it sometimes hap-
pened that after a very dark and rain}- night one of these
videttes would find that he occupied one end of a log,
while a rebel would be found at the end opposite, and
both unconscious of each other's presence until the fog
had lifted and daylight appeared. On this part of the
picket line, which was nearest the James River, we often
found in our immediate front the Sixth and Twenty-fifth
North Carolina, with whom we soon got upon good
terms, frequently visiting back and forth on each other's
posts, unbeknown to our officers, as we supposed, trading
jack-knives and such other trinkets as we had about us for
the very best Virginia plug tobacco, which seemed to be
about all the stock in trade that the Confederates owned.
Our pickets soon established a mutual understanding with
those of the enemy, that when their batteries were to
open, they would inform us, that we might resort to cover,
and we returned the compliment in full.
We were stationed most of the time, while doing duty
on this line, at the right, near the banks of the James
River, which was really the pleasantest part of the picket
line. We witnessed some very severe artillery duels dur-
ing these days, as we lay out on the picket line, about
half way between the batteries of the opposing sides ; and
sometimes we were in almost as much danger as though
we had been back at the batteries themselves. We used
to "swap" papers with the rebel pickets, and our men
were always on the alert for the latest news from Rich-
mond. After a time, our men began playing a few of
their Yankee tricks, by taking a large New^ York daily
and tearing the pages oft', making four papers of each
one, which in exchange would bring four Richmond
papers. But the most of us were afterwards ashamed of
such unfairness on the part of our men. One picket post
with which we had traded or exchanged papers, and
282 History of the Seventh Regiment
imposed upon in this way, quietly rebuked us by sending
a man over to us to give us back our parts of newspapers,
as he said they were of no use to them. We at once sup-
plied him with good whole ones, and so keenly felt the
reprimand that none of the comrades who were knowing
to the facts ever afterwards allowed such a breach of
good faith to take place. Our picket line was a long one,
and by changing positions occasionally, as we relieved
the line, we got a change of scenery, which made the
duty much more agreeable. On the right, near the James
River, we had deep, dark, and shady ravines, sometimes
so thickly shaded that the rays of the sun never penetrated
below the tree tops : occasionally a small brooklet, fed by
the overflow of a good, cold spring of water, would wind
its way along the bottom of the ravine towards the river,
and sometimes a brook which had water enough to carry
a mill would be found, as was the case on the extreme
right, in a ravine which was just in front of the tirst two
picket posts on the banks of the James. At these posts
we frequently witnessed a little artillery tiring between the
Howlett House battery on the rebel side, and our monitors
and gunboats in the James River. The heavy guns of the
Howlett House battery were in a position to fire directly
down the river to the advance vessels of our fleet, being
situated at a sharp bend of the river and in a direct line.
Farther towards our left, where we were sometimes
stationed, we found ourselves in piney woods, which had
the appearance of being a second growth of pines upon
old, played-out tobacco lands, and occasionally we came
to timber dotted quite thickly with hard-wood trees, which
showed a stronger and better soil ; still farther to our left,
was a large, open field, part of an old plantadon, and as
we neared the Appomattox, the ravines became more
frequent and their banks more abrupt.
The comrades of the Seventh who did picket duty on
New Hampshire Volunteers. 283
this line in front Of Bermuda Hundred, will all remember
the deep well dug by some of the regiments while on
picket. It was in the woods, about midway between the
large open field and the James River, and was rigged
with a windlass, rope, and bucket. Sometimes we would
find little miniature forts, almost exact in all details and
perfect in construction, that some genius had whiled away
his time upon during the twenty-four hours preceding the
commencement of our tour.
When relieved from one of these tours of picket duty,
we were marched back to our camp, and got food and a
little rest ; at night we were generally ordered into the
trenches under arms, where we got what sleep we could
until 3 o'clock in the morning, when we were awakened
and kept in line until daylight, which was done as a pre-
cautionary measure to prevent any sortie the enemy might
make in the early morning hours, before the break of
day. I hardly think we will ever forget the ludicrous
appearance we must have presented as we stood shivering
in line on some of those cool, foggy mornings until
daylight.
Dr. Sylvanus Bunton, who had formerly served in the
war as an assistant surgeon of the Second New Hamp-
shire, was appointed assistant surgeon of the Seventh, to
date from June 24, 1S64, and at once reported to the regi-
ment tor duty. Daniel K. White, of Manchester, was
also appointed sutler of the Seventh Regiment, and at
once came to our camp with the usual stock of canned
goods, tobacco, cakes, and cheese. We had been without
a sutler since the regiment was stationed at Fernandina,
Fla., where our original sutler left us, preferring to stop
at that post rather than be at the expense of being obliged
to move so frequently to keep with the regiment.
July 18, Gen. A. H. Terry was placed in command of
the Tenth Army Corps, relieving Gen. W. T. H. Brooks.
284 History of the Seventh Regiment
On the iSth of July, Colonel Abbott was granted a
leave of absence for twelve days. The night before
starting he came out on the picket line where the regi-
ment were on dut\', to bid them good bye, and asked
them in case of an attack to hold their ground, aYid keep
up the good name the regiment had received at Chester
Station (Lempster Hill) and Drury's Bluff.
On the 22d of July, Surg. W. W. Brown resigned,
which was really a serious blow to the regiment, for he was
loved by all of the officers and men, was a good, kind,
fatherl}' man, and had the largest amount of sympathy for
those who chanced to be sick and had to place themselves
under his care.
On the 23d, Maj. Gen. David B. Birney assumed com-
mand of the Tenth Army Corps, relieving General Terry,
of the First Division, who was temporarily in command.
General Birney had been assigned to this command b}'
General Grant on the 21st.
On the 25th, the badge of the Tenth Army Corps was
designated by General Birney, and was to be the " trace
of a four-bastioned fort," to be worn on the top of the cap
or the side of the hat : to be cut from red cloth for the
First Division, white cloth for the Second Division, and
blue cloth for the Third Division : the baggage and
wagons of the divisions to be marked in stencil with the
same colors.
Among the men who were wounded in our regiment on
the i6th of June, we had occasion particular!}^ to notice
the case of Private Jacob Follansbee, of Company D ; as
we record his name, even at this late day, memory brings
to our mind a laug^hable incident in which Comrade Fol-
lansbee bore a conspicuous part, and, in fact, was the
chief figure-head. He was a genuine Yankee, tall, stoop-
shouldered, with an awkward gait, sometimes termed a
hunter's lope, and had a fist, as the men used to say, as
New Hampshire Volunteers.
^85
BADGES OF THE DIFFERENT ARMY CORPS.
1a
1^
5^ ^ C
SAME
AS
20^ AC.
6 "< AC.
7*^ AC
€3-
♦
X
|^~r-^C. HANdJCK'S Z-'' AC 3-*^ AC. 4^ AC;
A C. S^ AC.
10 ^AC. ||*^AC a^^ A.L IJ^AC /^''•AC.
^
^
15^ A,C IG"*^ AC. n'^AC. 18"^ AC. l^«^Ac.
(no BaDC£^
21'^AC. ZZ-^^AC. ZS^^C. Z-J^AC.
2i"^y»C LhH.Umh^ WILSONS C.AV EMG. ^ MECH SlG. CORPS
3
'3dhl-TUt:<
♦
EN&IAJEERS ARMrorwfsr vA. (1 oivisiow i^ed) (zd/visio/v ivh/ie) ^division Blue)
286 History of the Seventh Regiment
ugly looking as a hedge fence : but withal, a heart as
large apparently as some men's whole body. His dis-
position was one of the best we ever knew. He was. a
Urst-class shot with a rifle, and he was one of those fellows
whom, in cases of emergency, 3'ou could always depend
upon. He had served one term of imprisonment, having
been captured near St. Augustine, Fla., in the early part
of the war. One evening while stationed at the above-
named city, a small row occurred over in the quarters of
Company F, owing, perhaps, to the presence of too much
" black-strap." Jake thought he would go over and see
the fun, and mixing with the crowd, was soon, as he sup-
posed, a " casual observer," when someone gave him a
blow square between the eyes and powerful enough to fell
an ox. Picking himself up quite a distance from the
crowd where he had been standing, he started for his
quarters, where he found some of his comrades, to whom
he related his adventure, and requested them to do all in
their power to prevent his eyes from showing the effects
of the blow, as he thought the men might laugh at him
for getting mixed up in the row when they saw the effects.
Therefore, after trying various things, one comical fellow
proposed that a piece of " old salt horse," raw, be brought
from the cook-house, split, and bound across the bridge of
his nose, and should be worn until morning. An eight or
ten-pound chunk was produced and properly bound over
the huge proboscis ; for a couple of hours he bravely
endured it, the drippings of brine from it filling his eyes
and making him howl fearfully, besides getting into his
mouth and at times nearly suffocating him. Every time
Jake howled, the men in the room where he quartered
w^ould stuff another corner of blanket in their mouths to
keep him from mistrusting that an\-one had put up a job
on him.
Any comrade who ever knew Jake will never forget
New Hampshire Volunteers. 287
him, for he was as quaint a land-mark as was Corp.
Heber C. Griffin, of our regiment, who went b}' the
singular cognomen of " God's tongs." Why he was
dubbed thus we never knew, but it was said that he was
one of the tallest men and had the longest legs of any
man in the regiment. He was also of Company D, and
was discharged at Beaufort, S. C, in the early part of
our service.
August I, Edwin D. Rand, of Company F, was ap-
pointed sergeant-major of the regiment, in place of Wil-
liam McL. Moore, who had been discharged from the
service.
Nothing of an}' material consequence occurred to break
the monotony of our regular tours of duty on the picket
line, until August 9, when we heard a terrific explosion
down the river in our rear, and surmised that rebel tor-
pedoes had destroyed some one of our large gunboats that
lay in the James River; and from the way the Confeder-
ates cheered along their line, we thought it possible. We
were on picket, and the explosion occurred about noon ;
but we soon learned that the report was caused by the
explosion of a government ammunition barge at City
Point, killing and wounding about 200 men. The cause
of this explosion has never been fully explained.
Nearly every day we could hear heavy artillery firing
south of the Appomattox, near Petersburg. It v/as the
Army of the Potomac gradually closing in on the Cockade
City, and it had advanced about two miles beyond the
lines occupied by General Gillmore on the 9th of June.
In justice to General Gillmore, we could now see the
excellent judgment displa3-ed by that officer at that time,
although it is said he was severely scolded by General
Butler for not doing what General Grant with the Army
of the Potomac and assisted by the Eighteenth Army
Corps, from the Army of the James, had thus far failed to
288
History of the Seventh Regiment
accomplish, namely, the capture of Petersburg, although
many lives had been sacrificed in the attempt.
The rations we had been receiving during the months of
May, June, and July were what were styled half-rations,
but such as were generally served to men during a cam-
paign. Each live days' rations consisted of soft bread
one day and hard-tack four days ; fresh beef one day and
the remaining four days salt beef, pork, or bacon, with
one ration during the five days of potatoes, sour krout,
vinegar, sugar, and cofiee. There was enough to satisfy
our hunger, but more vegetables would have been accept-
able.
VERY IMPORTANT PART OF A SOLDIER S KIT.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 289
DUTCH GAP CANAL. THE REGLMENT ORDERED TO DEEP
BOTTOM. DEATH OF LIEUT. COL. THOMAS A. HEN-
DERSON. RETURN OF THE REGIMENT TO BERMUDA
HUNDRED. ORDERED TO PETERSBURG. LIFE IN
THE TRENCHES. AT PITKIN STATION. EN ROUTE
TO THE NORTH SIDE OF THE JAINIES RIVER. THE
CAPTURE OF FORT HARRISON AND NEW MARKET
HEIGHTS. OUR CHAPLAIN TAKEN PRISONER. THE
SEVENTH WITHIN A .AIILE AND A HALF OF RICH-
MOND. THE BATTLE OF LAUREL HILL. AFTER
THE BATTLE. CONGRESSIONAL MEDALS OF HONOR.
About the loth of August, those of the recriment who
were fortunate enough to get on picket away on the right,
on the south bank of the James, could see the details of
men working away on General Butler's Dutch Gap canal,
and could also plainl}^ see the rebel rams which would
steam down from the direction of Richmond, and attempt
to shell out the working parties. Sometimes a gun from
the Howlett House rebel battery, which was onl}- a short
distance in front of our picket posts on the river banks,
would be trained in the direction of the canal, but an ever
vigilant Union gunboat in the James would almost imme-
diately silence it. The rams were too far away for the
ordnance of our gunboats to reach. Meanwhile the troops
detailed for fatigue duty at this place, which comprised
both white and colored troops, kept steadily at work, and
it seemed to us that the canal would surelv be a success.
290
History of the Seventh Regiment
Upon our arrival in camp from the picket line on the
evening of August 14, we found that marching orders
awaited us, and after a hasty preparation the regiment
was ordered into line at 11 o'clock on that evening, and
marched towards Deep Bottom. Somehow an under-
standing seemed to prevail among the men that the regi-
ment was to go to Bermuda Hundred Landing, and there
c-> 'g^f '
PONTOON BRIDGE AT JONES S LANDING, JAMES RIVEIl, VA.
go ahoard transports ; consequently many men fell into
line that were on the sick-list and did not wish to be left
behind, yet could not endure a march, and who were
obliged to fall out of the ranks after going a short dis-
tance. The regiment, however, marched to Jones's Land-
ing, on the James River, and crossed the pontoon bridge
at that place with less than three hundred men for duty.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 291
As soon as we were over on the north side of the river,
we were ordered to the right of Hawley's brigade, and,
passing the earthworks at Deep Bottom, formed in line of
battle at 4 o'clock the next morning on the left of a road,
where we remained until after da3'light, when the First
Brigade of our division drove in the pickets of the enemy,
capturing quite a lot of prisoners, and were advanced to
an open tield, where, by order of Colonel Hawley, we
were formed in double column, en masse. We remained
nearly in this position until about 4 o'clock p. m., when
we moved to the right about a thousand yards, and there
rested in line of battle. During the hours that we lay in
that open tield it seemed one of the hottest days we ever
experienced in the South. Man^'of the men were carried
to the rear from the elfects of the sun, and one man died.
About this time General Terry rode along our lines, and
when opposite our regiment said, " Boys, I am going to
put you in by and by and give you a chance, and I want
you to do as well as you did up at Chester Station "
(Lempster Hill).
In our front uas a large fort and a line of earthworks,
with abattis in front, and it did not seem to us as a very
inviting point at which to make an assault. (General
Paine took this line of works with colored troops, Septem-
ber 29, 1864.)
While lying here on the ground General Grant rode
past, stopping a few moments to survey the situation.
This was the first time most of us had seen the f]freat
leader of the Union forces.
About 10 o'clock that night we were marched to Deep
Bottom, and there rested for the night ; about 9 o'clock
the next morning we proceeded along the New Market
road for about three miles, and again rested in line of
battle until 4 o'clock p. m., when we were ordered about
two thousand yards to the right, and took position behind
sliiiht entrenchments for the nicrht.
292 History of the Seventh Regiment
On the morning of the i6th, our troops were formed in
three lines of battle, and about 9 o'clock our regiment was
ordered out on the right, and at the same time our artillery
opened on the Confederate works. Upon arriving oppo-
site their lines, we found skirmishing going on quite
briskly in our front. We were halted, and a few moments
later we heard cheering amidst the volleys of musketry,
which came from our men who were engaged in captur-
ing the Confederate picket line. Our regiment was then
hurried forward in line of battle through the woods, and
as soon as we had pressed their picket line in to their
main works, we were ordered to lie down on the ground
for the purpose of being in readiness to support an assault
on the works in our immediate front.
While here General Hawley addressed us in substan-
tially these words :
" Attention, Second Brigade ! There is a division in
our immediate front that are about to assault the rebel
works. You are to lie down on the ground, and in case
they are repulsed and fall back, you are to let them pass
over you ; in case they are followed by the enemy, you
are to rise and to withstand, if necessary, the whole
world."
In a few moments we received the order, "Attention,
Second Brigade ! Forward march ! " and our brigade at
once moved forward, our regiment still remaining on the
ground while the others advanced (there were no other
troops in front of us). When the advancing line reached
the slashing in front of the enemy's works, the bullets
whistled past our heads as thick as ever hailstones were
seen to fall. The Contederates held their works until
our men were on top of their parapets, and then re-
treated to their next line of defenses. We were then
advanced to the front and right for the purpose of protect-
ing the right flank. As we passed through the slashing.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 293
it seemed by the number we noticed that there was a dead
or wounded man for every tree. The troops in our front
were finally driven back, and while we were holding the
earthworks just captured, the rebels made two assaults for
the purpose of retaking their line, but failed to dislodge
us ; but we were soon outflanked, and were ordered to
fall back, the bullets at that time coming from three
directions.
It was during one of these assaults that Lieut. Col.
Thomas A. Henderson fell, struck near the hip by a rifle-
ball, from which wound he died in about four hours, hav-
ing literally bled to death, falling while faithfully per-
formincr the duties of his office. We then retired across
some ravines, and with the remainder of the brigade re-
formed near the entrenchments we had occupied on the
night of the 15th.
While we were on the rising ground in the open field,
a rebel sharpshooter took a position in a pine tree top in
our front, and every time he fired his rifle a man was sure
to fall inside our lines. His place of concealment was
soon discovered by the little pufls of smoke that were seen
to rise from each discharge of his piece. A section of
light artillery was at once brought to bear on the tree,
when he was seen to beat a hasty retreat.
We again advanced, crossing a ravine in the direction
of the enemy's works, where we at once took position and
commenced to entrench. During all this time the regi-
ment had performed its share of picket and fatigue duty.
About dark on the iSth, the rebels made a fierce assault
upon our lines, in order to dislodge us, but were hand-
somely repulsed.
Durinrj the night the Seventh was withdrawn from this
position, and was ordered, with the rest of Hawley's
brigade, about two miles in a southeasterly direction, on
the Chickahominy road, where we remained until 5 o'clock
294 History of the Seventh Regiment
p. iM. on the 20th, when we were again ordered back to a
point on the New Market road, where we had rested on
the night of the 15th. Upon onr arrival at this place,
our regiment was immediately detailed for picket duty,
and in conjunction with the Fourth New Hampshire and
One Hundred and Fifteenth New York, held the front of
the Tenth Corps. The day had been cloudy and muggy,
and at night a drizzling rain set in, making it anj'thing
but comfortable or pleasant for the whole expedition.
About 10 o'clock that night orders were received from
Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney, who was now in command of
the Tenth Army Corps, to withdraw the pickets and
retire by regiments to the lower pontoon bridge, and
recross the James River. As one of those on picket at that
time, we can remember just how very difficult a matter the
withdrawal of that picket line seemed, and it is really a
great wonder that one half the men were not left to be
captured by the enemy the next day. The night was so
dark and foggy that it was almost impossible to see any
object three or tour feet away, and how we managed to
find all those picket posts during such darkness is sur-
prising, for a person passing from one post to the other
was more than liable to get otf" in a wrong direction.
However, none were left who belonged to the Seventh.
How it fared with the other regiments we never knew.
The order for our departure was quietly executed, and
the troops were put in motion, the Seventh bringing up
the rear, covered by a detachment of the Fourth Mass.
Cavalry. Just rain enough had fallen to make our route
to the river very disagreeable. The clayey consistency of
the soil made the marching extremely hard, and the men
went slipping along, gaining headway slowly. After
crossing the pontoon below Jones's Landing, we marched
up to Jones's Landing on the south bank and made a halt,
where we rested until daylight, when we again renewed
New Hampshire Volunteers. 295
our march, reachin«- our former camp in the rear of the
defenses of Bermuda Hundred early on Sunday morning,
the 2ist, having lost, since leaving camp on the 13th, one
otficer and two men killed in action and thirteen men
wounded and missing.
Sergt. Frank W. Shannon, of Company C, in a letter
regarding the assaults made by the enemy on our lines at
Deep Bottom, on August 16, says that he was in command
of his company that day, and he had but a few men who
were on duty with the company at that time, among whom
was Fred W. Sleeper, who was for a long time company
clerk, and says that later in the day he was severely
wounded, and that Corp. Harrison W. Mann, of that com-
pany, who was with the colors, was killed during one of
these assaults. Sergeant Shannon received a furlough for
thirty days trom General Gillmore, while on Morris Island,
S. C, for good conduct in the assault upon Fort Wagner.
The following report of this movement will be read
with interest, as it will be found to be correct in details,
although not made until the third day after our arrival
back at our old camp at Bermuda Hundred :
Headquarters 7TH N. H. Vols.,
August 24, 1864.
Lieut. E. Lewl'^ Moore, Acting Assistant AdjuicDit-
Gcncral :
Sir, — I have the honor to submit the tollovving report of
the part taken by the Seventh N. H. Volunteers in the
movement on the north side of the James River, com-
mencing August 13 and ending August 20 ultimo :
At II o'clock p. M. of August 13, with twenty-one
officers and three hundred and sixty men, I marched from
camp at Bermuda Hundred, and took the road to Deep
Bottom. Owing to an understanding that the corps was
to march to Bermuda Landing, and there embark on
transports, many men were reported for duty who were
not able to endure a march or a campaign. In conse-
296 History of the Seventh Regiment
quence there was an unusual amount of straggling, and I
crossed the pontoon bridge at Deep Bottom with less than
three hundred men. After passing over the pontoon
bridge, my regiment, occupying the right of Hawley's
brigade, passed by the earthworks at Deep Bottom, and
formed in line of battle on the left of a road. At this time
the Seventh Conn. \"olunteers formed on its left, and my
line was a prolongation of Pond's brigade, which was on
the right of the road. Soon after daylight, our forces
having pressed in the enemy's pickets, I advanced to an
open field fronting a line of the enem^-'s earthworks,
where, by order of Colonel Hawley, I formed in double
column, en masse, on the right of the brigade. Nearly
this position I occupied until about 4 o'clock p. m., when I
moved to the right about one thousand 3"ards, and rested
in line of battle. This position I left at about 10 o'clock
p.-M., and marched to Deep Bottom, where I bivouacked
for the night. At about 9 o'clock on the morning of the
15th, I marched from Deep Bottom along the New
Market road about three miles, and rested in line of
battle in the rear of a piece of woods, m}- front being
towards the west. At about 4 o'clock p. m. I moved about
two thousand yards to the right, and took position behind
slight entrenchments during the night. On Tuesday, the
i6th, I was detailed and entered upon duties as corps
officer of the da}', the command of the regiment thereby
devolving on Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson ; but at the
request of Colonel Hawley, I was present with the regi-
ment, and did in fact exercise the command during the
day. At about 10 o'clock a. m. of the i6th, still occupy-
ing the right of Hawley's brigade, I moved about one
thousand 3'ards to the right b}- flank, and then advanced
in line of battle, changing the point of direction gradually
to the left, across a ravine, where the whole was halted.
The assault on the enem3"'s works having been com-
menced, and the outer works carried, I advanced to the
line of those works. Upon reaching the works, by order
of General Terry, I passed beyond them, changed front
to the right, and advanced about one hundred yards,
taking position so as to intercept a flank movement of the
enem}' from that direction. As the action progressed,
flndincT that the brigades that had ad\-anced were falling
New Hampshire Volunteers. 297
back, and that there were movements of the enemy on my
left flank which promised to be serious, while there was
very little in my front, I recrossed the entrenchments and
took position on a line with it. The position I occupied
during the remainder of the fight. While here portions
of Hawley's brigade retired from the advanced position
and took position on my right, while portions of other
brigades occupied the line of works on my left. Nearly
all the time while in this position m}' command sustained
an annoying fire on the left flank, with some slight fire
from the right. Two distinct charges were also made by
the enemy in my front, which were handsomely repulsed.
At leno-th, findinp" the extreme left of the line giving wav,
and myself the ranking officer on the line, I became
solicitous for orders. Accordingly I passed a short dis-
tance to the left, then throucrh the slashincr to the rear, with
the design of finding either General Terry or General
Birnev. Not succeedincr, I was returning by the same
path, when I found that the enemy were already occupy-
ing that portion of the entrenchments. Making a detour
to the right, I reached the slashing, where, finding an
aide of Colonel Hawdey, I sent the order for the line to
retire. Thus my regiment was one of the very last to
retire from the line of rebel works. While at these works
Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson fell, having been struck
near the hip by a rifle-ball. He died in about four hours.
He was a most valuable and useful ofiicer, and fell in the
faithful performance of his duty. The regiment retired
across the ravines, and with Hawley's brigade reformed
near the entrenchments, which they occupied on the night
of the 15th. Thence advancing again across one ravine
in the direction of the enemy's works, my regiment took
position, erected entrenchments, and remained until about
II o'clock p. M. of the i8th. During the time it did its
share of picket and fatigue duty, and in repelling the
attack made by the enemy on the works about dark of the
i8th. Withdrawing from this position, as above stated, I
took position with Haw^ley's brigade about two miles to
the southeast, on the Chickahominy road, where I re-
mained until 5 o'clock p. m. of Saturday, the 20th.
Having been detailed as corps ofiicer of the day, I again
marched to the point near where I rested on the night of
298 History of the Seventh Regiment
the 15th, where my regiment was placed on picket, and in
connection with the Fourth N. H. Volunteers and One
Hundred and Fifteenth N. Y. Volunteers, held the front
of the Tenth Corps. At 10 o'clock p. m., by order of
Major-General Birney, I withdrew the pickets, re-formed
the regiments, with my regiment in the rear, covered by
a detachment of the Fourth Mass. Cavalry, retired to the
lower pontoon bridge, and crossed it, making a halt near
Jones's Landing until daylight. I reached my former
camp at Bermuda Hundred early on Sunday morning, the
2ist. It is gratifying to be able to speak in terms of
commendation, both of officers and men, during this brief
period of somewhat severe service. Upon the whole, I do
not know that any regiment could be expected to perform
its duties more faithfully or with more alacrity under like
circumstances. My loss during this movement (a list of
which is hereto appended) w'as as follows : killed, one
officer and two men ; wounded and missing, no officers
and thirteen men.
I am, sir,
Very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
Jos. C. Abbott,
Colonel Seventh ~V. H. Volunteers.
On the morning of August 22d, we were again ordered
out with one day's rations ; but whatever enterprise was
intended for us was given up, for after waiting in line an
hour we were informed that our marching orders had
been countermanded, and we were again dismissed to our
quarters.
On the morning of the 24th, we received orders to have
everything in readiness, with two days' rations and in
heavy marching order, to move at any time after 12 o'clock
M. At 3 o'clock p. :\i. we began our march to Petersburg
to relieve the Eighteenth Army Corps, crossing the Appo-
mattox River above the Point of Rocks on a pontoon
bridire. After dark the marchinfr was verv hard, as the
New Hampshire Volunteers.
299
roads were wet and muddy, and many troops belonging
to the Tenth Corps were in advance of us. We linally
reached our destination on the line of our entrenchments
about midnight, nearly exhausted, having marched ten
or twelve miles. As soon as we arrived the regiment
was detailed for picket duty. The picket lines of each
side at this place were within a few rods of each other,
and in some places not more than ten or fifteen feet apart,
and the earth which was thrown out from the pits on
each side almost touched at several points. We had been
BATTERY NEAR DUTCH GAP, VA.
in the trenches but a few moments before the rebels
wanted to know what regiment we belonged to, etc. A
continuous fire was kept up between the two opposing
lines, and it was not safe for a man to show any portion of
his body above the top of the trenches or pits, and one
man from Company B was about this time shot through
the head. The regiment was relieved from the picket
line about 10 o'clock p. 31. on the 25th, and were obliged
to remain in the main earthworks for several days before
we had any tents which we could pitch.
300 History of the Sp:venth Regiment
The night of the 23d, a large detail from the Seventh
went on picket at the front, between the James and Appo-
mattox Rivers, near Bermuda Hundred, and when relieved
in the early evening of the next da}', they found, upon
arriving in camp, that the regiment had been gone since
3 o'clock in the afternoon, having been ordered to Peters-
burg ; a half-hour later found ovu" picket detail on its way
t6 the same destination. After crossing the pontoon bridge
at Broadway Landing on the Appomattox River, we biv-
ouacked on the heights above until 2 o'clock the next
morning, when we were again routed up, and started on
the trail of the regiment, whose headquarters we reached
about 9 o'clock on the morning of the 25th. The men
were at once ordered into the main line of earthworks,
and about dark orders were issued to prepare for an
assault, but for some reason it was deferred.
Those who were present with the regiment at this time
will not forget the duel between the coehorn mortar bat-
teries on both sides on the evening of the 27th, when
there seemed to be one or more shells constantly in the
air making their passage to the opposite lines. One man
was killed and one wounded in Company I at this time.
Asst. Surg. Sylvanus Bunton was promoted to surgeon,
to date from August 24, 1S64. No better arrangement
could have been made to fill the position which had been
vacated by Surg. W. W. Brown, whose continued ill
health had compelled his retirement from active service ;
and it was with sadness that the men took their leave
of Doctor Brown when, after his resignation had been
accepted, he hastily made preparations to go home, for he
had been with us from the first and was well known to
many of the comrades previous to the war, as he had
been a physician for many years, and had attended many
of us in sickness in our schoolbov da\'s and long before
our enlistment. He was one of the kindest-hearted men
New Hampshire Volunteers. 301
we ever knew, always so kindly disposed toward the sick,
and ever watchtul over the health of the whole command ;
and so much were such rare qualities in the service appre-
ciated, that the men respected to the utmost the fatherly
care and attention which they received from him. A
better successor than Doctor Bunton could not have been
appointed to fill the vacancy, for he, too, had been a good
physician before the war, and had been somewhat known
to many of the men or their tamilies back in New Hamp-
shire. He, also, had a kindly disposition, and took great
pains in caring for our sick and wounded men, and in
turn they appreciated his kindness and loved him tor it.
Captain Freschl was another officer whom the whole
reo'iment had learned to love. Owing- to ill health he had
been compelled to resign his commission, his condition
being such as not to permit further service in the army.
Regretfully we had parted with him, for he, like Doctor
Brown, had been with us since our organization, and was
a favorite among both officers and men.
George T. Perry, a civilian and a resident of New
Hampshire, was commissioned as assistant surgeon, in
place of Assistant Surgeon Bunton, promoted.
On the 30th, we moved to the left, and went into camp
in the woods. One of the peculiarities of this camp was
the constant patter of the leaden bullets against the trees,
from the rebel picket line at night, while none were heard
during the day, showing conclusively that the firing of
soldiers at night is invariably high.
On the 31st, the regiment was mustered for pay tor the
months of July and August.
We were on duty in the trenches constantly durincr all
of our stop at Petersburg, and a portion of the time were
in the trenches by night as well as during the day ; were
subjected to heavy artillery fire a large portion of the time,
and the sharpshooters on either side kept nearly every-
302
History of the Seventh Regiment
thing down below the top of the entrenchments. It was
almost sure death to raise one's head above the earthwork
during daylight, and the pickets or videttes could only be
relieved after dark ; on a bright moonlight night they
could not on some portions of the line be relieved at all,
and at such times had to take rations and water enough to
last for two or three davs. The lines of heavy earthworks
were, at some points along the line, but a short distance
EARTHWORKS AND AI5ATTIS IX FROXT OF PETERSBURG, VA.
apart ; both lines had heavy batteries built at short inter-
vals, and quite often indulged in some of the heaviest
artiller}' duels ever heard. In many places it was difficult
approaching the earthworks from the rear, as the artillery
and sharpshooters of the enemy so effectually swept the
ground. During our duty here the weather was quite
showery : when not raining it was intensely hot, with
heavy dews at night, and the puddles of rain-water stood
almost constantly in the trenches.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 303
Many nights, as we sat in the trenches, with our equip-
ments on, our rifles in our hands, and with our backs
against the immensely solid earthwork, we would get so
drowsy, and the zip and ping of the rebel bullets was the
weird music that sang us to sleep, to be awakened later
in the middle of the night or in the early morning hours
before daylight, by the screeching and bursting shells
from some rebel battery close by, which made further
sleep an impossibility.
September 14, Capt. Granville P. Mason, of Compan}-
B, left for the North on recruiting service, and the same
day Second Lieut. Charles A. Lawrence, of Compan}' D,
was wounded in the hand by a piece of shell, as he sat
just outside his tent reading a newspaper, and a man in
Company E was also wounded at this time.
On the iSth, Asst. Surg. George T. Perry reported to
the regiment, and was assigned to duty under Surgeon
Bunton.
While in front of Petersburg our whole brigade (Haw-
ley's) was turned out to see Private John Rowley, of
Company D, Seventh Conn. \'olunteers, hung for murder.
It was indeed a sad sight. It was said that this man had
shot and killed a fellow-soldier during the battle of Olus-
tee, Fla., February 20, 1864, and his conscience smote
him so that he confessed his crime, and sentence of death
had just been pronounced.
Besides our picket and trench duty we had plenty of
fatigue work, as our line of advanced trenches were being
considerably straightened and otherwise improved. Much
time had also been consumed in constructing a line of
railroad aloncr the rear of our lines. It was called the
military railroad, and was built without constructing any
grade, but running the rails through fields and ravines,
selecting the route wherever the grade would be the
easiest, and connecting with the City Point railroad. It
304 History of the Seventh Regiment
was really a great factor in moving the supplies for the
army : and as our lines were being constantly extended
around towards our left, a distance of about nine miles, its
construction was of the greatest importance in placing
troops, ammunition, or rations at any point along the line.
Another novel feature witnessed by our brigade was the
"drumming out of service" of a man belonging to the
Sixth Conn. Volunteers, who had a large placard fastened
to his back, with the word "coward" prominently thereon,
which to the whole brigade was self-explanatory. It was
here that we first found out that what was called the
" Petersburg Express" was a thirteen-inch mortar, mounted
on a platform car, which was fired nightly, changing its
position occasionally along the line of the military railroad
in the rear of our works.
About 5 o'clock on the 21st, the big mortar was fired
several times in quick succession, and then every battery
took it up in regular order, and the banging that occurred
for about an hour was only occasionally heard during the
war. This was a salute intended to celebrate recent
Union victories in the Shenandoah valley, but the rebels
thought it must be simply announcing an intended attack,
and at the lirst sign of cessation they sprang to their guns,
and replied quickly and fiercely. But as they found there
was no stir among the troops, the firing soon died away,
except the frequent popping of small arms along the picket
lines.
About this time Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry was brevetted a
major-general of volunteers, which seemed a very deserv-
ing compliment to a ver}^ deserving and efficient officer.
On the 24th, Second Lieut. Joseph A. Jacobs, of Com-
pany G, resigned his commission, and was honorably
discharged from the service. On this day we had orders
to move, and about 10 o'clock in the evening we were
marched to the rear about three miles, near a place called
New Hampshire V^olunteers.
305
Pitkin Station, where the whole of the Tenth Army Corps
went into camp. While here we again exchanged our
Springfield rifled muskets for Spencer carbines (seven-
shooters), on September 27.
3o6 History of the Seventh Regiment
Here we pitched tents the next morning, and were pre-
paring to get our camp-ground in fair shape again, when,
on the 28th, we got orders to move with two da3-s' rations ;
at 3 o'clock p. M. were again headed for the Appomattox
River, and in the evening of that day we reached Broad-
way Landing, where a pontoon bridge was kept laid,
on which we at once crossed, and pushed for the James
River, our route lying in the rear of our former position
in the defenses of Bermuda Hundred. At 2 o'clock on
the morning of the 29th, we halted inside the fortifications
on the north side of the James, having crossed that river
on a pontoon bridge laid at Jones's Landing. The Tenth
Corps, under General Birney, crossed at this place during
the night, while the Eighteenth Corps, under General
Ord, crossed at Aiken's Landing, eight miles above.
This heavy movement of troops was conclusive evidence
that some aggressive expedition was intended. At day-
licrht we moved out on the New Market road, the reajiment
at this time occupying the left of the Second Brigade of
Terry's division, our lines in front of both corps being
about ten miles in length, and our brigade occupied the
right of the line.
Line of battle was at once formed, and the troops ad-
vanced upon the enemy's works at New Market Heights,
which offered but slight resistance, their artillery being
withdraw^n as our skirmishers advanced. We had one
man wounded while the regiment w^as crossing a ravine
and brook. Meanwhile the battle raged fierce!}^ on our
left, and we could plainly hear the heavy firing, and soon
learned that our forces had assaulted and carried Fort
Harrison and the rebel entrenchments at Chapin's Farm,
our losses being quite heavy. This assault, made by
General Paine's colored troops at New Market Heights,
was one of great importance as it effectuall}' demonstrated
that they could fight well. A portion of our command
New Hampshire Volunteers. 307
could plainly see them as they were starting in ; but they
were soon out of our sight owing to the uneveness of the
ground. Among the general officers killed was General
Burnham. Generals Ord and Stannard were amonfr the
wounded, the latter losing an arm, and Colonel Donohoe,
of the Tenth New Hampshire, was severely wounded.
Pushing on toward Richmond, the Tenth Corps was
halted just outside the enemy's second line, which had
then been abandoned by them, near Laurel Hill ; at 3
o'clock in the afternoon we were marching out on the
Darbytown road, and arrived at a point within three miles
of Richmond, but returned during the evening to the
vicinity of Laurel Hill, near the place where we had
halted earlier in the da3^ During the dash on New
Market Heights the chaplain of our regiment, Joseph C.
Emerson, was captured near the right of our lines, he by
mistake taking a road or path which led him into the rebel
lines, which were but a few rods away at that time.
The following dispatch was sent from General Grant to
General Halleck :
Chapin's Farm,
10.45 A. M., 29 September, 1S64.
Ord's corps advanced this morning and carried strongly
fortified, long lines of entrenchments below Chapin's
Farm, capturing fifteen pieces of artillery and about three
hundred prisoners. Ord wounded. Birney advanced at
same time from Deep Bottom. Carried New Market
road and entrenchments, and scattered the enemy in every
direction, but captured but few. Birney now marching
toward Richmond. Whole countr}- filled with field forti-
fications thus far.
The following day, the 30th, the regiment was moved
about a half-mile to the left and just outside the enemy's
abandoned line, which had been temporarily altered and
reversed by our troops. Maj. Augustus W. Rollins was
at this time promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and Capt.
3o8 History of the Seventh Regiment
Jeremiah S. Durgin, of Company E, was promoted to
major.
On the ist of October, the regiment took part in a
reconnoissance towards Richmond, and being deployed as
skirmishers, one pace apart, advanced under a very sharp
artillery fire to within about one and one-half miles of the
city, and within a few hundred yards of its defenses,
where it was halted in a position partially concealed by
woods until ordered to fall back. We were in sight of
Richmond, but owing to the dense fog could not discern
anything. It was on this reconnoissance that First Sergt.
George F. Corson, of Company B, one of the best men in
the command, was severely wounded, losing his left foot
by a solid shot from artillery. He was in the act of lacing
his shoe, had stepped out of the ranks for a moment
for this purpose, and had raised his foot to facilitate the
operation, placing it upon a log or stump, when it was
struck by the solid shot. Private John Brown, of Com-
pany D, better known among the men as "Whitehead,"
on account of the color of his hair, lost his left arm, and
Sergt. Charles B. Wallace, of Company E, was severely
wounded, these men being noticed in particular by the
writer. Among those who were captured by the enemy
from our regiment on that day, we remember Sergt.
Charles J. Bickford, of Company F : Cyrus G. Caverly,
of Company A; Augustus H. Green, of Company I, and
Sergt. Charles H. Worcester, of Company H. The cases
we have cited were only those whom the writer happened
to know personally, but our total loss on that day was six
wounded and eleven missing.
The regiment marched back inside the breastworks at
Laurel Hill that night, wet and hungr}-, for during the
afternoon it had rained quite hard, completely drenching
us. Here the regiment labored for the next few days
building and strengthening a line of earthworks that
New Hampshire Volunteers. 309
extended from Laurel Hill away to the left towards Fort
Harrison, which had been captured by our forces on the
29th of September.
On the 6th of October, we were paid, and the paymaster
was not quite done paying some of the troops at this place
on the morning of the 7th, when the enemy was reported
as advancing on our position in force. The men who
were present on that particular morning will remember
that the lirst alarm was given while the dit^erent com-
panies in the regiment were at breakfast, which, by the
wav, the men alwavs spoke of as "being at crrub," the
principal dishes of such a feast being invariably " hard-
tack " and coffee, with occasionally a small piece of " salt
horse " ; and sometimes, for a change, " soft-tack," which
was in reality hard-tack softened by the "gentle rain from
heaven," while carted about in an uncovered wagon in the
rear of some expedition, for perhaps a week or more.
About the first notice we received regarding the alarm
was the cavalry pickets coming in at full gallop, some of
them bare-headed and minus a portion of their clothino-.
The outposts were about a mile and a half from our main
body of troops, and were out on the Charles City road on
our right. They consisted of a portion of Kautz's cavalry,
and were supposed to be strong enough to make consid-
erable opposition to an advancing force, thus giving the
troops back at the main line ample time to get prepared to
resist an assault. We soon began to hear scattering shots
far out in front near the picket line, and knew^ then it was
the enemy's skirmishers advancing. The cavalry came
rushing in without as much as an attempt at opposing
their skirmish line, and without apparently trying to dis-
pute a single rod of the ground over which they were
stampeding.
As soon as the cause of all this tumult was ascertained,
our forces were quickly disposed along our earthworks,
3IO History of the Seventh Regiment
extending from Fort Harrison northward to Laurel Hill
and on to the Charles City road and beyond. At the
point where the New Market road came in contact with
the line of Confederate works as we found them, a new
line of works was thrown up across an open field, at right
angles to the old works, and running in a northeasterly
direction to the edge of a piece of woods, the old works
having been reversed by our forces. In front of the new
line across the field, the ground was clear for about a third
of a mile to some farm-buildings, near which some rebel
artillery was afterwards placed. General Terry's division,
to which we belonged, was taken from behind the earth-
works, and its place was made good by the men stretching
out their line so as to be only one rank deep. We were
marched to the right of, and continued the line beyond,
the breastworks ; the left of our regiment rested on the
breastworks, which were also defended by the Forty-
eicrhth N. Y. Volunteers.
It was in this open field that our artillery was placed ;
on the right of the artillery was a tract of timber of very
thick growth, and this part of our line was near a slight
elevation called Laurel Hill. In the edge of this timber
was posted the Seventh New Hampshire, as the left regi-
ment of Hawley's brigade ;♦ on our right was the Third
New Hampshire ; still further along the One Hundred
and Forty-eighth N. Y. Volunteers, a new regiment tem-
porarily attached to our brigade ; and on their right were
posted the Sixth and Seventh Conn. Volunteers and the
Sixteenth N. Y. Heavy Artillery. We had but one line
of battle, and no troops in rear of us for support; if this
line was broken, it would let the enemy in our rear to the
James River, giving them a fine opportunity to capture
everything in their way.
As soon as we could form our regimental lines, a line
of skirmishers was at once sent forward, the different
New Hampshire Volunteers. 311
regiments were placed in position along our line, t'acing to
the northward, all our artillery was at once ordered up,
and our skirmishers were soon disputing the advance
of the enemy ; but on they came, charging in two solid
lines by brigades, developing two heav}^ lines of battle,
supported by artillery on their right and about opposite
our own artillery, which was posted on our left. The
assaulting columns were composed of the Confederate
brigades of Field's division. of Longstreet's corps, and
nobly they performed their work, charging up to within
nearly a hundred feet of our line at some points, which
was pouring in a rapid and destructive tire from the
Spencer carbines or seven-shooters, with which our bri-
gade was armed. Their right advanced through an edge
of an open field until they struck a belt of woods in front
of our regiment, while their left was under cover of thick
woods much of the time.
The advance of the rebels was so rapid as they gained
the cover of the dense growth of pines in our immediate
front, that many men of our brigade on the skirmish line
failed to iret back to their different regiments. As soon as
our own line of battle began firing, the only safety of our
skirmishers from the shots of their own men was in seek-
ing such cover as they could find, and many lay flat on
their faces and let the charging columns pass over them.
Some were seen and captured ; others, as soon as the
rebel onslaught was repulsed, arose from their cover and
captured many prisoners.
As soon as the rebel line had emerged from the thick
undergrowth which partially concealed them from view,
they received a terrific fire from our brigade, on whose
front the rebel brigades were pitted. Upon receiving our
fire they faltered just a moment, and then lay down
behind stumps and fallen trees, for they found it as diffi-
cult to retreat as they did to advance, and were apparently
312 History of the Seventh Regiment
waiting for us to stop and reload, when they could get a
chance to withdraw with less danger ; but finding that our
fire did not in the least slacken, they broke for the rear as
fast as they could, leaving their dead and wounded in our
hands. It was at this moment that an order for our line
to advance quickly for a few hundred feet would have
given us many prisoners, but the order to advance just
this short distance was not given, and the golden oppor-
tunity to gather them in was lost.
Just across the field obliquely on our left, and partially
concealed in the edge of another piece of woods, we could
plainly see the colors of still another division of Confed-
erates drawn up in line, said to be Hoke's division of
Longstreet's corps, apparently ready to rush into the break
which they expected Field's division to make ; but as that
division failed to break our line, they took no active part.
The attack took place just east of and at right angles
with, and at the right of, the New Market road. The
rebel artiller}' fire was principally directed against the
Union batteries stationed on our left, in the open field,
who lost some men and a number of horses. But little
attention was paid to our infantry lines, and very few shells
were exploded near us, as the rebels supposed our forces
were outflanked and routed at the first onset, and that they
would have nothing to do but pass around our right and
attack us in the rear ; and when a regiment broke farther
upon our right, their advancing column saw the opening
and at once made for it, but the gap was quickly closed
and the enemy repulsed. Their infantry fire was heavy,
although the majority of their shots seemed to pass over
the heads of the men in our line.
Nobly our brave brigade held its ground, and by its
rapid and steady fire repelled the assault upon its line.
It was a real " stand-up-and-take-it " fight, for we had no
earthworks in front of us, and there was not a company
New Hampshire Volunteers. 313
but felt the effects ot' the Confederate tire. As soon as
the charging columns of the enemy began falling back,
many of their men, rather than retreat under such a
deadly fire, came into our lines and surrendered. This
first assault being over, we calmly waited for another
attack, which we felt sure would be made ; but finding
our opposition so determined, no further advance was
attempted by the enemy, who at once began their retreat
in the direction of the Darbytown road and the outer
defenses of Richmond. During the afternoon the regi-
ment was moved out to a point about a mile from our main
line, but did not again come in contact with the enemy.
During the night we were ordered back to the position
where we had fought, and at once commenced the erec-
tion of a line of earthworks for the further protection of
our lines. The Army of the James continued to hold the
line which they had gained, running from the left bank of
the James River across Chapin's Farm to Fort Harrison,
northeasterly across the New Market road, and then retir-
ing until the right again rested on the James River at
Deep Bottom. The casualties of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire in the battle of Laurel Hill were three killed and
fifteen wounded.
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill, of Company H, relates the fol-
lowing incident :
"After the assault of the enemy on our lines at the
battle of Laurel Hill, Va., October 7, 1864, an incident
occurred, which for coolness and bravery I think was not
often excelled, although it was performed by a 'Johnny
Reb.' I was a witness to all that transpired, except that I
did not hear the conversation, but give it as reported at
the time. The enemy had fallen back out of sight in the
woods beyond the open field, and left their dead and
wounded on the ground where they had fallen. Immedi-
ately in our front was a slight hollow, beyond which and
314 History of the Seventh Regiment
about a hundred yards distant the ground again rose to
about the same height as where we were stationed ; on the
edge of the ridge was a narrow strip of old-growth woods,
which was the nearest point the enemy reached on our
left. Beyond and to our left was an open field, over
which the artillery duel had taken place. Some of our
men had volunteered to bring in the wounded and pris-
oners who had preferred remaining behind stumps and
trees, rather than retreat under the fire from our repeating
carbines. The rest of us were standing on or near the
line where we had just repelled the attack. General
Terry was sitting on his horse a short distance in our rear,
when a handsome young ' orderly,' dressed as a Union
cavalry sergeant (but who was a rebel spy), who was
mounted on a fine dark horse, rode up, gave the military
salute to the general, and said: 'General Birney sends
his compliments, and wishes to know what your losses are
and how many horses you have lost that belong to the
artillery. He wishes to have your division ready to move
at a moment's notice, as he is going to advance upon the
enemy at once.' The sergeant spy politely saluted the
general, and turning his horse rode away towards the
front, and rode through the right wing of our reginient, out
among the men picking up the wounded, until he was
clear through the strip of woods ; he was still going on
when someone told him that he had better come back, or
the 'Johnnies' would get him. He was not afraid of that.
He then lay flat upon his horse's back and neck, and
putting spurs to his horse galloped across the field to
where the enemy's artillery was stationed, and was safe.
But few shots were fired at him, as our skirmish line had
not yet been sent out, and most of the men bringing in the
wounded were unarmed, and those of us back on the line
dared not fire for fear of shooting our own men who were
between the spy and ourselves."'
New Hampshire Volunteers. 315
At the battle of Laurel Hill most of the enemy's artil-
lery was placed behind and between some farm-buildings
about a third of a mile from our lines, across an open
tield. In the house there lived a woman and her
little boy, about six or seven years old, who remained
there during the battle. The shells from our batteries
repeatedly went through the house, and one of them shot
otf' a hand of the woman. x\t"ter the battle she and her
son were cared for by our men, and were taken aboard
our hospital steamer on the James River, where she
remained for a long time. The reason given by her for
remaining in the house during the battle was, that if she
left the house, the rebel soldiers would steal her chickens,
which they afterwards did, as well as the buildings, with
which to build winter quarters.
This movement made by the Tenth and Eighteenth
Corps to the north of the James River on the 28th of
September was, undoubtedly, an attempt to enter Rich-
mond by surprise. The plan appears to have been well
laid, but seems to have failed through some unaccountable
accident, such as often disturbs the studied calculations of
the most efficient generals. The defenses north of Rich-
mond had been guarded for some months by less than
three thousand Confederate troops. The number and
position of every regiment and company was well known
at the headquarters of the army, and having been un-
molested by our troops for a long time, they had fallen
into that loose and careless discharge of duty which the
absence of a foe is liable to engender.
It was supposed that the capture of the line of works
across Chapin's Farm had opened the door to the Confed-
erate capital ; but unfortunately for the enterprise, Gen-
eral Ord, who was in command of the Eighteenth Corps
and of the movement on the left by the Varina road, fell,
wounded by a Minie ball, a moment after his first division
3i6 History of the Seventh Regiment
had entered Fort Harrison. By the delay of a day,
caused by General Ord's severe wound, he having in his
pocket the orders for the Eighteenth Corps, the chance
of success was gone, for the rebel generals, Hoke and
Field, with their divisions, had been hurried from the south
of Petersburg to the north of the James ; and after a vain
attempt to regain their lost position, at once guarded
the various approaches to Richmond by new lines of
great strength, which were deemed wholly impregnable to
assault.
Early on the morning of the 8th, having a tew moments
of spare time, the writer improved the same by going
over the battle-field of the day before and in the heavy
growth of pines in our immediate front, giving us a rare
chance to see what havoc our brigade of seven-shooters had
made on the rebel lines that had so gallantly charged down
upon us. We found the ground in the woods along our
whole brigade front thickly dotted with the bodies of the
Confederate slain, which as yet our forces had not had
time to bury. The dead lay in the same position in which
they had fallen, and the weather being quite cool, the bodies
were in a much better condition than is usual under such
circumstances. The death wounds we found were re-
ceived in a great variety of places. A few we particularly
noticed were shot through the head, in some cases the
bullet SToing throu<ih the ricrht or left eye, which, from the
number so shot, seemed quite remarkable. Some we found
had been shot directly through the heart, and only a little
red spot, about the size of the tip of a person's little
linger, marked the entrance of the bullet. Man}- of the
trees in our immediate front, which were seven or eight
inches in diameter, had received from five to eight bullets
below the height of a man's head, as the scars very
plainly showed, and nearly all the trees were badl}'
scarred and cut by the bullets from three feet to ten feet
New Ha:mpshire Volunteers. 317
above the ground. While the tire ot" our troops- at this
short range had been very el^ective, it ph\inly showed
that there was a tendency to tire high, as is generally the
case in all battles. We found the victims in great variety,
from the small lad of scarce fifteen summers to the
gray-haired sire of threescore years, and tVom the short,
stoutly built form, which in most cases seemed to have
been sailors or foreigners, to the tall, lank form of the
native Southerner from the back country.
One of the Confederate regiments which charged directly
in our front seemed to have been from South Carolina,
and contained one company called " Palmetto State Sharp-
shooters." Many of the dead in our immediate front had
marks about their clothing showing that they belonged to
that organization, and one in particular so marked we
found to be a Captain Joab Quattlebaum, whose body was
sent for by his triends, under a flag of truce, two or three
days after it had been buried.
During the battle of Laurel Hill Lieutenant-Colonel
Rollins was in command of the regiment, Colonel Abbott
having been that day placed in command of the brigade.
It was while in command of the regiment that the large
gray horse rode by Colonel Rollins was shot, and in fall-
ing he severely injured the colonel's leg and ankle, causing
him to retire temporarily from the command of the bat-
talion. The colonel's "old gray" was a conspicuous
mark, and it was a wonder that the colonel was not dis-
mounted in previous engagements.
During the Sth and 9th, we were busily engaged in
throwing up heavy earthworks and making our line as
nearly impregnable as possible.
The following report of Colonel Rollins will be found
interesting, and, being ofiicial, is herewith published in
corroboration of our historical matter upon this subject :
3i8 History of the Seventh Regiment
Headquarters 7th N. H. \'olunteers,
Laurel Hill, Va., October 12, 1864.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore, Acting Assistant Adjutant-
General:
Sir, — I have the honor to submit the following report
of the part taken b}^ the Seventh N. H. Volunteers in the
recent actions north of the James River :
Striking camp near Pitkin Station at 3 o'clock p. m. on
the 28th ultimo, the regiment marched to Deep Bottom,
halting inside the fortifications at 2 o'clock a. m. of the
29th. Moving out at daylight on the New Market road,
the regiment occupying the left of the Second Brigade,
Terry's division, line of battle was formed, and the troops
advanced upon the enemy's works at New Market Heights,
which offered but slight resistance, their artiller}' being
withdrawn as the skirmishers adva.nced. One man alone
was wounded while the regiment was crossing a ravine or
brook. Marching on towards Richmond, we halted dur-
ing the forenoon just outside the enemy's second line,
then abandoned by them, near Laurel Hill. At about 3
o'clock p. M. we were marched up the Darb3-town road to
within about three miles of the City of Richmond, return-
ing during the evening to the vicinit}- of Laurel Hill.
The next day the regiment was moved about half a mile
to the left, immediately outside the enemy's abandoned
line, which had been temporarily altered and reversed.
On the ist of October, the regiment took part in a recon-
noissance toward Richmond, and being deployed as skir-
mishers, advanced under a sharp artillery tire to within
about one and a half miles of the city, and within a few
hundred yards of its defenses, when I halted in a position
partially concealed by woods until ordered to tall back.
I marched back inside the breastworks that night. The
loss that day was six wounded and eleven missing. Noth-
ing further of moment occurred until October 7. when
the enemy being reported as driving in the cavalry on the
right, the brigade was moved to a point just beyond the
fortitied line, its left connecting with them. The enemy
opened briskly with artillery, which did but little injur}' to
the regiment, most of their shots passing over or to our
left. Towards noon a line of battle advanced rapidly
New Hampshire \^olunteers. 319
against us, but the tire of the line was so destructive as to
stop them almost immediately after it was opened ; many
of the enemy came in and surrendered in preference to
retreating. My horse being shot under me, injured my
foot and leg in such a manner as to oblige me to go to the
rear, and the regiment remained in the command of the
senior captain. The casualties during the engagement
were three killed and fifteen wounded. During the after-
noon the regiment was moved out to a point about a mile
distant, but being a part of a reserve did not again encoun-
ter the enemy. They returned during the night to the
position at which they had fought, and still remain there
entrenching.
I am, sir.
Very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
A. W. Rollins,
Lieiitenant- Colonel
yth JVczv Ham-pshji-c \^oluntccrs.
The senior captain mentioned as being in command of
the regiment when Colonel Rollins was disabled was
Capt. James M. Chase, of Company D, who, with Cap-
tain Ames, of Company H, were the only two remaining
original officers of that rank. Among the casualties in
our regiment which the wTiter personally noticed during
the engagement at Laurel Hill, was the wounding of
Privates James M. Lamos and Freeman Ferrin, of Com-
pany D; Corp. Edwin F. Warren, of Company K;
Privates William Sabine, of Company G, and Benjamin
W. Silloway, of Company B ; and the writer also noticed
the death of Private Frederick Olson, of Company A,
who was struck and instantly killed by a fragment of a
shell.
An order published at " Headquarters Department of
Virginia and North Carolina, Army of the James," dated
"Before Richmond, October 11, 1864," and signed by
*' Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler, commanding the Department
320 History of the Seventh Regiment
of Virginia and North Carolina," contained the names of
the following comrades of the old Seventh, who were
honorably mentioned for gallant and meritorious services
in the field and for coolness and bravery before the
enemy :
"Col. Joseph C. Abbott, Seventh New Hampshire,
commanding Second Brigade, First Division, Tenth Arm}^
Corps, is recommended for brevet for his gallant and sol-
dierly conduct since the campaign commenced, and for
the skillful and able manner in which his brigade was led
to the rebel works within two miles of Richmond, on
October i instant/'
"First Lieut. Ferdinand Davis, Company D, Seventh
New Hampshire, acting aide on Brigadier-General Haw-
ley's staff, is recommended for gallantry."
" Sergt. William Tilton, of Company C, Seventh New
Hampshire, in command of pioneers, has special mention
for gallantry, and is recommended to the secretary of war
for a medal of honor."
"'Sergt. Henry F. W. Little, of Company D, Seventh
New Hampshire, for gallantry on the skirmish line on the
reconnoissance towards Richmond, is recommended to the
secretary of war for a medal of honor, and is appointed
first lieutenant in United States Colored Troops."
" Sergt. G. Frank Robie, of Company D, Seventh New
Hampshire, for gallantry on the skirmish line, is recom-
mended to the secretary of war tor a medal of honor."
"Sergt. John A. Coburn, of Company H, Seventh New
Hampshire, was in command of his company in the recon-
noissance towards Richmond, and is recommended to his
excellency the governor of New Hampshire for promotion."
" Sergt. George P. Dow, of Company C, Seventh New
Hampshire, was in command of his company in the recon-
noissance towards Richmond, and behaved with gallantry.
He is recommended to the secretary of war for a medal of
honor."
AWARDED TO
1ST vSergt.
Ceor($e p. Dovu,
Co. C.
Sergt.
U/illiam JiltOQ,
Co. C.
1ST vSkkgt.
(jeori^e p. I^obie,
Co. D.
Sergt.
}\. p. U/. Cittle,
Co. D.
U. S. Medal of Honor.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
321
There is a fact connected with the award of those
medals of honor, of which the comrades of the Seventh
who were the recipients may ever feel proud. They were
authorized to be issued under resolution of Congress, No.
43, approved July 12, 1S62, and section 6 of act of Con-
gress, approved March 3, 1863, and in each case were
appropriately engraved on the reverse side, and were pre-
sented by the secretary of war to the soldiers who had
been recommended for such ■ distinction by their regi-
mental, brigade, division, corps, and department com-
manders. Four of these medals were awarded to the
Seventh New Hampshire, and two of these four were
awarded to men of Company C, the other two being
awarded to men belonging to Company D.
The heavy line of earthworks which had been con-
structed along the line of our front occupied the exact
position where our men had stood in line and so hand-
somely repulsed the Confederate attack on the 7th. All
the troops in our division had pitched their tents by regi-
ments and brigades, fust in the rear of the line, and
everything had the appearance of our passing the coming
winter at this place.
322 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER XX.
RECONNOISSANCE ON THE DARBYTOWN ROAD. ARRIVAL
OF RECRUITS. DEATH OF MAJ. GEN. D. B. BIRNEY.
ERECTING WINTER QUARTERS. DEMONSTRATION
ON THE DARBYTOWN AND CHARLES CITY ROADS.
PROMOTIONS IN THE SEVENTH. THE SEVENTH
ORDERED TO NEW YORK TO ASSIST IN QUELLING
RIOT, IF ANY OCCURRED AT THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION. — THE SEVENTH RETURN TO LAUREL
HILL, VA. THE SANITARY AND CHRISTIAN COM-
MISSIONS. THANKSGIVING IN THE ARMY. EXECU-
TION OF A MAN OF THE NINTH ME. VOLUNTEERS.
THE TENTH AND EIGHTEENTH ARJMY CORPS DISCON-
TINUED, AND THE TWENTY-FOURTH AND TWENTY-
FIFTH ARMY CORPS ORGANIZED. THE SEVENTH
TRANSFERRED TO THE TWENTY-FOURTH ARMY
CORPS. AN ATTACK ON OUR PICKET LINE NEAR
LAUREL HILL.
October 12, we had orders to go out on a reconnois-
sance, with two days' rations in our haversacks. We
were routed out at 3.30 o'clock a. m., on the 13th, before
the dawn of day, and at once started for the front, out-
side our pickets, towards the Darbytown road ; but after
getting out about four miles, the orders for the movement
were countermanded, and the whole expedition, consist-
ing of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, again started for
camp, where we remained until the next morning, when
we were again ordered into line with the whole of the
First Division of the Tenth Army Corps. We moved by
New Hampshire Volunteers.
323
the right flank to a sally-port on the right of the Third
Brigade, and thence to an old rebel earthwork on the
Darbytown road. The brigade was there formed in two
lines of battle, our regiment being in the second line and
closed en masse, in which position we were advanced
about four hundred yards into a piece of woods, after
which a halt was made ; in this position we remained
until about 3.30 o'clock p. m. During all of this time the
/ Vi
A SECTION OF A I.KJUT BATTERY. SERVING A TEN-POUNDER
PARROTT GUN.
[By courtesy of "Youths' Companion."]
enemy kept up a desultory fire upon us. At the same
time our skirmish line was developing, and an attempt
was made by the First Brigade to force the enemy's lines,
but to no purpose. We then had orders by Brigadier-
General Hawley to retire, which we did in the best
manner possible under the circumstances. Our casualties
on this day were only two or three slightly wounded.
324 History of the Seventh Regiment
At about 3 o'clock a. m. on the morning of the 12th, our
picket line had been attacked, and we were all turned out
into the trenches, but it amounted to very little. These
attacks were frequent, and but few days passed that did
not see us turned out in the early morning and under arms
until daylight.
The following otficial report of the reconnoissance on
the 13th will be found correct, as it is the official report of
Colonel Abbott :
Headquarters 7th N. H. Volunteers,
Laurel Hill, Va., October 14, 1864.
Lieut. E. Lewis Moore, Acting Assistant Adjutant-
General:
Sir, — I have the honor to submit the following report
of the part taken by my regiment in the movement of the
13th instant :
My regiment was in line and reported to Brigadier-
General Hawley, commanding the Second Brigade, at 4
o'clock A. M. By his order I moved by the right flank to
the sally-port on the right of the Third Brigade, and thence
to the old rebel earthwork on the Darbytovvn or Central
road. The brigade was then formed in two lines at right
angles with, and on the north side of, the road, m}^ regi-
ment being in the second line and in double column, en
masse. Still in this order and relative position and with
little delay, I advanced three or four hundred yards into
the woods, m}' left resting near the north side of the above
named road, when a halt was ordered. In this position I
remained until about 3.30 o'clock p. m. — during which
time the skirmish line was developing, and the First Bri-
gade attempted to force the enemy's line — when I received
orders from Brigadier-General Hawley to retire. I then
retired to a line about three hundred yards in front of the
old rebel earthworks ; thence, by order of General Haw-
ley, moved with the brigade to the entrenchments from
which I marched, arriving at sunset. While at a halt in
the woods, the tire of the enemy which reached me was
at times considerable, but fortunately only two of my
NEvr Hampshire Volunteers. 325
men were struck at all, and they so little injured as not to
have been reported in the list of casualties.
I am, sir,
Very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
Jos. C. Abbott,
Colonel jth JVezv Hampshire Vohinteers.
Another important event of the day should not be over-
looked. General Butler, in an order of the 13th, said that,
having learned that Union prisoners in Confederate hands
had been set at work in the trenches in our front at
Chapin's Farm (about one hundred and fifty men), he
directed a like number of their prisoners in our hands,
and preferably the Virginia Reserves, be treated likewise,
with same rations — one pound flour, one third pound
bacon daily — and ten hours' work in the Dutch Gap
canal and other works.
On the 14th, all the regiments in our brigade had to
move their camps a little to the rear, in order to conform
to the new line of works, as the old line had been straight-
ened and strengthened, and it began to look as though we
should pass the winter here. On this day we received
another squad of substitutes, numbering one hundred and
twent3'-five, which were to be apportioned among the
different companies.
October 16 was Sunday, and for the first time for many
months the usual fatigue detail was omitted, but for what
reason was not known. On the 17th, the regiment com-
menced fitting up quarters for the coming winter by
building a log hut, plastering up all the chinks between
the logs with mud, building a mud chimney with the aid
of sticks, and then covering the hut with our shelter
tents. We also commenced drilling, mostly for the bene-
fit of the newly arrived subs, and were ordered out for
this purpose twice each day.
326
History of the Seventh Regiment
On the 19th, we learned with regret of the death of
General Birney, who had been taken suddenly ill on the
lOth, and had been sent to Philadelphia on a sick leave of
absence. He was a fine officer, and was greatly respected
by the otEcers and men in his command.
PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, AS HE APPEARED RIDING
ALONG OUR LINES IN THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.
[By courtesy of " Yoatlis' Companion."]
As a sequel to the order of General Butler of the 13th,
regarding the working of prisoners, General Lee notified
General Grant, in substance, that he had relieved our
men who, as prisoners, had been placed at work in the
trenches.
The weather had now become quite cool, and the nights
were cold and often frosty, so that a fire in each log hut
seemed quite comfortable, and at the same time appeared
New Ha>[pshire Volunteers. 327
cheerful. Each hut had its open fireplace, which gave a
home-like look to the interior of the little houses, which
we made very comfortable by building bunks and making
chairs and stools ; by the aid of hard-tack boxes we made
stands and tables, with which to furnish these little homes.
During all this time, when not occupied on reconnois-
sances, we were doing regular tours of picket duty at the
front, and were often called upon for large fatigue details.
The service was very severe, and none but a rugged
person could possibly survive for any great length of
time such hardship.
On the 26th. we received orders to march in the morn-
ing, at 4 o'clock, with two days' rations. Regarding this
movement and under this date. General Grant says, in the
Century War Book :
"To-morrow the whole Union army is to be set in
motion, and leaving only a small garrison along its thirty
miles of fortifications, is to make the most powerful dem-
onstration yet attempted on the enemy's present lines ; if
possible, to turn his right flank south of Petersburg, and
gain possession of the southern railroads. The purpose
of this demonstration is to gain the nearest possible point
to Richmond, and to prevent the transfer of Lee's troops
from there toward his Petersburg lines ; and if his left
wing can be turned, to march into Richmond. The
Tenth Corps, General Terry, is to make a demonstration
on the Charles City and Darbytown roads, while General
Weitzel's force of the Eighteenth Corps is to push through
the White Oak Swamp at Hobson's Crossing, move up
to the Williamsburg turnpike, and then attack ; conse-
quently the Eighteenth Corps will post to the rear of the
Tenth Corps, and along to the right of it, then face to the
left and advance.""
In compliance with orders we were promptly in line,
with our rations in our haversacks, and at once marched
328 History of the Seventh Regiment
with the Second Brigade out through the sally-port to the
northward, proceeding over about the same course as had
been taken on the 13th, out towards the Darbytown road.
We followed up this road until w^e came to the earthworks
of the enemy, when a line of skirmishers was sent forward
from our brigade, all the rest of the troops in our division
forming in two lines of battle just in the edge of a piece
of woods, only a few hundred yards from the rebel works,
which were tbund to be almost impregnable, with a heavy
force of Confederates near and behind them : consequently
it w^as decided by the commander of our expedition to
hold our ground until morning, and then see what the
chances might be. At dark it commenced raining, and
continued to rain heavil}^ all night. The men who were
in the line on that memorable night of October 28, 1864,
will never forget how cold and wet they got, with no
chance for any fire. The orders were that no man should
leave the line, and there they stood or sat upon the ground
during the seemingly long hours of that night. The
morning was so long in putting in its appearance that we
thought we should never have a chance to dry our clothes,
for they were wet completely through ; but towards morn-
ing it cleared up cold, and made us very uncomfortable.
As soon as it was light enough for us to see the rebel
earthworks, we found they had been hurrying up rein-
forcements during the night, for large bodies of troops
were now visible who were not in sight the night before.
We lost a few men from the fire of the rebel sharp-
shooters, among whom we noticed in particular Corp.
Wilmot J. Upham, of Compan}- F, w'ho was shot through
both hips and died soon after. The loss on our brigade
skirmish line was also considerable.
The writer of this remembers distinctly how suddenly he
was awakened once during that night. He was in a sitting
posture, with the breech of a Spencer carbine resting
New Hampshire Volunteers. 329
between his legs, with the muzzle pointing upward over his
shoulder, on the right of the regiment ; and being hungry
and very tired, and so cold that he was almost completely
chilled through, he had quietly gone to the " Land of
Nod," perfectly unmindful of the noise and tumult around
him, caused by the shrieking of shells overhead every few
moments and the continual popping of musketry on the
skirmish line in our immediate front. All at once a Minie
ball struck the breech of his carbine, and buried itself in
the ground beneath him, just grazing his thigh in its
course. Lieut. George F. Robie, at that time in com-
mand of Company D, also had a narrow escape from a
sharpshooter's bullet. It seemed the rebel sharpshooters
got their range before dark, and kept up a desultory fire
durinc; the night.
During the early morning hours, and while we were
patiently waiting for the sun to warm up the atmosphere,
that we might get a little benefit from it in drying our wet
clothing, a captain of our line came along and persuaded
the writer of this to take four canteens, the requisite
amount of money, and the captain's order for a gallon of
" government commissary" — which always, in army par-
lance, was known as whiskey — go back until he found
the commissary wagon, and have the canteens filled.
Thinking the journey might tend to warm him up, the
writer consented to go. After tramping about a mile, we
found the wagon, which was in charge of the brigade
commissary, to whom we presented the order and money,
got the whiskey, and started back immediately for the
line. After proceeding a short distance, we fell in with
some men of the Fourth Mass. Cavalry whom we knew,
and after the greetings were over, it was quite natural that
they should wish to know what we could possibl}^ be
doing with so many canteens. The consequence was
that, as a matter of military courtesy, we had to stand
330 History of the Seventh Regiment
treat. After a few moments of friendly chat, we again
bade each other adieu, the cavahymen going in the direc-
tion of our right flank, while we steadily began our
journey once more to the front, busily studying how it
would be possible to make four half-filled canteens take
the place of four full ones when presented to the captain.
As we came to a piece of woods, we noticed a small brook
wending its way seaward, and we instinctively stopped,
ducked each and every canteen till they bubbled full, and
then went on our way rejoicing. Arriving at the line, we
found the captain patiently awaiting our arrival, and we
at once turned over the full canteens to his possession,
which he immediately sampled, pronouncing it excellent,
and requested us to keep one canteen for our trouble.
We had the satisfaction of knowing, however, that the
mixture must have been a pretty fair temperance drink.
While back near the wagons we learned that the whole
of the Eighteenth Corps had been operating in the vicinity
of White Oak Swamp, but had not met with the success
expected ; therefore, a short time before noon, we had
orders to retire behind our works, which we accomplished
during the afternoon.
During the 27th, Lieut. Heber J. Davis, of Company
A, who was an aide on the staff of General Hawley, was
severely wounded while carrying orders from one part of
the field to another.
Under date of October 28, commissions were issued,
upon the recommendation of Colonel Abbott, to the fol-
lowing sergeants : First Sergt. Paul Whipple, of Com-
pany K, to be first lieutenant of Company A ; First Sergt.
George F. Robie, of Company D, to be first lieutenant of
Company G; Sergt. H. F. W. Little, of Company D, to
be second lieutenant of Company E ; First Sergt. Calvin
Brown, of Company I, to be second lieutenant of Com-
pany G ; First Sergt. Charles P. Dennison, of Company
New Hampshire Volunteers. 331
A, to be second lieutenant of Compiiny H ; First Sergt.
John A. Coburn to be tirst lieutenant of Company H.
On the 29th, the rebels drove in our pickets for a short
distance on our right, but a small cavalry charge regained
the lost ground, and our picket line was re-established;
but during the excitement all the troops fell in at the
earthworks.
On the 31st, Capt. Granville P. Mason was mustered
out of service, on surgeon's certificate of disability. Cap-
tain Mason had been with us from the formation of the
regiment, having been mustered into service as first lieu-
tenant of Company A. He was a zealous and faithful
officer, and was popular with the men of his company.
While at the defenses of Bermuda Hundred, a new
sutler was appointed to our regiment, the one who had
been with us preferring to remain in the Department of
the South. The newly appointed man was Daniel K.
White, of Manchester, N. H., and as he had many
acquaintances in the regiment, he soon got on friendly
terms with the men, and we found him a very accommo-
dating man. While with the Seventh he did a thriving
business.
We now commenced a series of drills, extremely long
and hard, which were supposed to be mostly for the bene-
fit of the " subs" and recruits ; but on November 3, orders
were received to pack up and be in readiness to move at a
moment's notice.
The morning of November 4 opened rainy, but the men
were routed out early, and received their two days' rations
from the cooks, who had been up all night to prepare
them. Line was formed at 4 o'clock, and we at once
started for Jones's Landing on the James River, where we
arrived about daylight. Here we heard that, with other
regiments, the Seventh had been selected, and had been,
with others of Hawley's brigade, ordered to New York on
332 History of the Seventh Regiment
the occasion of the coming presidential election, this pre-
caution having been taken to prevent an election riot in
New York city, which seemed just upon the eve of break-
ing out, and which had been feared by the citizens at the
North ; as our brigade was armed with seven-shooters or
Spencer carbines, it had been selected as one of the most
effective for such an emergenc}'. We stopped near the
landing until dark, when we were ordered aboard the
steamer "Thomas Powell," and at once started for Ber-
muda Hundred ; from there the steamer dropped down to
Cit}- Point, where we anchored for the night. Earlv the
next morning we started down the James River, and
tound that the Third New Hampshire was on board the
same steamer with us. We arrived at Norfolk, Va., at
dark that night, the 5th, and were immediately transferred
to the steam transport " United States."
Here we lay at anchor all night, and earl}- on the morn-
ing of the 6th started for New York, passing Fortress
Monroe on our way out to sea. As soon as the men
found out that we were surely on the way north, they
began speculating as to our destination, and many were
the stories rife about our going on the frontier, along the
line between Canada and the United States.
On this steamer with the Seventh was the Third New
Hampshire, Seventh Connecticut, of the Second Brigade,
First Division, and the Thirteenth Ind. Volunteers, of the
Third Brigade, Second Division, temporarily attached to
our brigade, which was under command of Brigadier-
General Hawley. Major-General Butler, commanding
the Army of the James, was present with the expedition.
On the evening of the 7th, we arrived off Fort Rich-
mond, Staten Island, in New York Harbor, and disem-
barked about 10 o'clock p. im., the little steamer '• Houston"
taking us from the steamer " United States" to the wharf;
from there we were at once marched to some wooden bar-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 333
rack buildings, where we were quartered until the morning
of the Sth, when the Seventh Connecticut and the Seventh
New Hampshire were ordered aboard an old ferrj^-boat,
rigged up as an iron-clad and named " Augusta.*' The
old ferry-boat at once proceeded up to the city in East
River, near the foot of 14th street, where we lay at anchor
between New York and Brooklyn from the morning of
November 8 until the evening of the nth, prepared for
any emergency which might require our services. Other
regiments who had come north were placed on other
boats, and were anchored at intervals along the water
front of the city, ready to etfect a landing at any moment.
We had extra ammunition issued, and were w^ell prepared
for any emergency that might arise. On the evening of
the nth, w'e were ordered back to Fort Richmond, and
were marched into the fort and given quarters in some of
the casemates.
The first three da3^s on the old " double-ender" ferry-
boat were rainy, cold, and disagreeable ; besides, we were
so crowded for room that we had hardly room to sit down.
The way they crowded our soldiers into such a small
space showed conclusively that the authorities were very
short of transportation. With all this inconvenience we
were without rations, and were nearly starved before we
got an3'thing to eat ; and then not until we had gone with-
out food for a whole twenty-four hours, at the end of
which time a small ration of soft bread, a few hard-tack,
and a small ration of boiled fat pork w^ere issued us once
each day. We were required to keep under cover as
much as possible, and were in line most of the time, night
and da}'; so we shivered and starved it through. We
w'ere so uncomfortable that we really began to have a
longing to get to the front again. We have not the least
doubt but that it was necessary at that time that we should
remain cooped up in such small quarters as we were,
334 History of the Seventh Regiment
and that under such circumstances we should suffer in-
tensely with cold ; but we can never believe that there
was even the shadow of an excuse, other than sheer negli-
gence on the part of our commanding officers who were at
the head of this expedition, for half-starving the men while
on board this boat, especially with Uncle Sam to pay the
bill, and taking into consideration that a bountiful supply
of food was always obtainable in such a city as New
York. At the extreme front, amidst all the hardships and
horrors of war, we could always overlook such inattention
on the part of our commissariat, but the circumstances
attending this case rendered complaint perfectly justifiable.
We never fullv knew whether the other regiments of the
expedition fared better or not, but they could not have
fared w^orse.
On the 8th, those of the regiment w^ho desired to exer-
cise their right of franchise and cast a vote for president,
were given the privilege to do so, and the ballots were
marked, sealed, and forwarded to commissioners appointed
to receive them from the State of New Hampshire. The
ballot taken from the Seventh was quite small, however,
there being fourteen for Lincoln and two for McClellan,
many not caring to exercise the privilege.
On the " double-ender" steam was constantl}' kept up
in order that we might be taken up to a wharf at a
moment's notice, and imperative orders were given to the
file-closers to shoot every man who stepped from the
ranks without leave, an order which we always supposed
was for the benefit, more especiall}', of our " subs "' and
" bount}' jumpers," of whom each compan}- had more or
less.
On the first day of our arrival at Staten Island, First
Lieut, and Adjt. Henry G. Webber was placed under
arrest, and Second Lieut. James A. Cobb, of Company B,
was detailed as acting adjutant.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 335
While we were quartered in the casemates at Fort
Richmond, after leaving the " Augusta," we were kept
closely in quarters, and only a tew passes were given
each day in the different companies, giving such lucky
ones a chance to visit the little village of Clifton. In all
cases a non-commissioned officer was obliged to accom-
pany the squad ; yet, with all these restrictions and pre-
cautions, we lost during the last three days of our stay,
from desertion, about one hundred and fifty, all "subs"
or " bounty jumpers."
On the afternoon of the 15th, we were again ordered
aboard the transport " United States," and with other reg-
iments of the expedition, started about 3 o'clock the next
morning for Fortress Monroe, where we arrived on the
morning of the 17th, and at once proceeded up the James
River as far as Fort Powhattan, where we anchored for
the night ; at daybreak next morning we started for
Jones's Landing, which we reached about 9 o'clock on the
morning of the i8th, disembarked in the afternoon, and
immediately proceeded to our old camp-ground at Laurel
Hill, reaching there at 4 o'clock, having been absent two
weeks.
On the 19th, Horace P. Buel was appointed principal
musician.
We now commenced anew to erect log huts for winter
quarters, for every log and, in fact, ever3-thing large
enough for a club or splinter for kindling, which we had
left at our camp when we started for New York, had been
carried away and utilized by troops who camped in the
vicinity ; in other words, our old camp had been " gutted,"
and we were obliged to rebuild our camp for winter
quarters, and had to commence, as the men used to say,
" barefooted"; that is, every log or stick of wood which
we might want was yet growing, and must be cut and
brought to our camp, which was by no means a soft job,
336 History of the Seventh Regiment
for the wood and timber had been cut for a long distance
outside our earthworks, and had been used by the troops
who camped along the line. By Christmas, although the
weather had been much of the time unfavorable, we had
about completed substantial winter quarters, consisting, as
before, of square log huts provided wath a canvas roof
made from our shelter tents, each hut having a chimney,
built in southern style, outside, plastered inside and out
with clay, and built of sticks, "cob-house" style. These
chimneys w^ere all built for fireplaces, and when com-
pleted and provided with a t^re, made the inside of these
huts look cheerful indeed. Clay was also used to plaster
the chink-holes between the logs. We were all, from the
rank of colonel down, very proud of our new habitations,
and only wondered how many days would elapse before
we might be obliged, under circumstances over which we
had no control, to build another camp for winter quarters.
The writer will never forget his first attempt, after hav-
ing completed the chimney to the hut in which he was
quartered, at cooking in the new fireplace. We had
hunted around and found money enough with which to
purchase a few Irish potatoes, some onions, and a little
butter at the sutler's, and at once became oblivious of
everything except the preparation of a good square meal.
We had the potatoes and the onions nicely done, using a tin
plate with a split stick for a handle, which made a good
frying-pan ; had just finished seasoning with salt and
pepper, and had also added a small bit of the butter, and
was about to take the dish away preparatory to making an
attack upon it with knife and fork, when there was an ex-
plosion as of a two-thousand-pound shell, the atmosphere
seemed suddenly to change, daylight turned to darkness,
and we could hardly breathe or see for ashes. Our first
impression was that we had inadvertently built our chimney
directly over a volcano ; but somehow it didn't seem exactly
New Hampshire Volunteers. 337
like an earthquake, but it came so suddenly that we were
conscious of being the least bit bewildered. As the smoke
cleared away and the ashes settled enoucrh to allow us to
see clearly, we found the plate in one corner, the handle
in another, and fried potatoes and onions, our salt, pepper,
and butter, together with halt-burned fire brands, about as
evenly scattered over our eight-by-ten floor as could well
be imagined. Our uniform was on fire in half a dozen
places, and a look into the fireplace revealed about a
peck of metallic cartridge shells. Then we at once
divined the cause of the trouble. Some person outside,
just for pure " cussedness," had deftly tossed a bag of
those cartridges down our chimney from the top. Of
course the circumstances attending the case did not allow
of our getting out quite quick enough to detect the culprit,
but if we never got square with him, it was because he
left the service before we did, for we had our suspicions
down pretty fine. Anyhow, we dined on hard-tack and
cold water that day, and we have been shy of fireplaces
ever since.
November 24 was the day appointed up in New Hamp-
shire as Thanksgiving by the governor, and well we
remembered the meaning of the word, according to usage
among the people away in the old Granite State. But
with us in the field there was little significance attached to
that particular day. We fondly remembered the Thanks-
giving fare with which we had been familiar before the
war, and it is barel}^ possible that the comparison with
our present "grub" influenced the writer to enter in his
diary that we had for our supper on that day what the
" colored troops charged on," which, according to the
interpretation of the men, was " nothing."
The Sanitary and Christian commissions we always
got confounded, one with the other, but we gave the most
credit to the Sanitary Commission, for the reason, prob-
22
338 History of the Seventh Regiment
ably, that we oftener came in contact with that body. We
shall never forget their style of giving out tobacco, pin-
cushions, needles, thread, and other small articles, and
which would often cause much sport among the men along
the line. An agent or employe of the commission would
sometimes 20 alongr the line of our works with a haver-
ed o
sack full of nav}' tobacco, little circular pin-cushions, and
writing paper and envelopes, carrying a knife in one
hand and a large plug of navy tobacco in the other.
When he found a man who used the weed, he would cut
him otf' a very small " chew," while to everyone who did not
use it he generally presented a pin-cushion about as large
as an old "bung-town" cent, or, if they preferred, a few
sheets of writing paper and as man}- envelopes, all of
which were necessaries, and were gladly received by the
men. At tirst some of the men would ask the privilege
of cutting otf' their own "chews" of tobacco, and would
then cut ofT a " chew" and tender it to the agent, quietly
marching away with the remainder of the plug. But after
this trick was played a few times, the agents did their
own cutting and delivering, and would often appear along
the line with the tobacco already cut into nice little
" chews," ready to be given away. But we well remem-
ber that it always came most opportunel}', as we often
received it from the commission when the sutlers were
away at the rear and had not got up with us, or when
sutlers and soldiers were completely out of the article.
Again, one of these agents would visit the commander of
each company, and leave a small order for beef tea, con-
densed milk, or corn-starch, old newspapers and other
reading matter. The writer of this remembers being
detailed to go to the tent of the Sanitary Commission with
one of these orders, for the purpose of having it filled.
We got our cans of beef tea and corn-starch, but the only
reading matter they had on hand at that time was a small
New Hampshire Volunteers. 339
lot of old back numbers of Parson Brownlow's " Knox-
ville Whig." However, we gladly took them, for the
men were always thankful for anything that constituted a
change. We will never forget the great benefit, also, of
the Christian Commission, whose stamp was always ready
for use upon the letters of comrades ; for there were many
men who never had postage stamps with them, and, in
fact, never seemed to have money to buy them with.
About this time the War Department issued an order
permitting officers in the field to dispense with shoulder
straps, the designation of rank, however, such as stars,
eagles, leaves, and bars, to be worn ; and they were also
permitted to wear overcoats like enlisted men. We now
began to have some cool weather, with an occasional
snow squall or a storm of sleet, and water froze a half-
inch in thickness.
On the 25th, a man from the Ninth Maine was shot,
having been sentenced by a court martial. On this day
we received some Thankstrivincr •' (roodies " that had been
sent out to us from the good people at home. It was
mostly turkey and chicken meat and fruit, and it is need-
less to state that the men appreciated the donation, and
did it ample justice.
In one of the diaries kept by someone in the Third New
Hampshire, this entry was made :
"Sunday (27th), rain; in the woods getting out logs
for our house.'"
They were in the same brigade, and this was a sample
of the way we were obliged to put in our time, for the
weather was beginning to be severely cold.
The monthly return for November of this year shows a
little less than three hundred men present fit for duty,
though the effective strength of the regiment had been
considerably increased by recruits the previous month.
First Lieut, and Adjt. Henry G. Webber was dismissed
340 History of the Seventh Regiment
the service by sentence of court martial, to date from
November 12, 1S64.
December i, John Greene, of Company H, was pro-
moted to hrst Heutenant and adjutant. The regiment
began to have dress parades, and the men were obHged to
brush up and brighten up in order to make a good appear-
ance ; therefore there was plenty of work for each man,
and our time was well employed in our various duties
almost constantly.
On the 3d, the Tenth and Eighteenth corps were dis-
continued, but the order did not reach us until the 5th,
when we found ourselves in the Twenty-fourth Army
Corps. General Order, No. 297, from the War Depart-
ment, dated the 3d, made important changes in the Army
of the James. The white infantry of the Tenth and
Eighteenth Corps were to constitute the Twenty-fourth
Army Corps ; the corps stafTand artillery of the Eighteenth
to belong to the Twenty-fourth Army Corps ; the corps
stall' and artillery of the Tenth to belong to the Twenty-
fifth Army Corps. Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord was assigned
to the command of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, and
Maj. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel to the Twenty-fifth Army
Corps. The Seventh still remained in the Second Bri-
gade, First Division, but in the Twenty-fourth Corps.
The Twenty-fifth Army Corps was composed of the col-
ored troops belonging to both the Tenth and Eighteenth
Army Corps.
On the 5th, our brigade got marching orders, with two
days' rations, but for some reason the order was counter-
manded. Upon further reflection, we are inclined to
believe this order to be ready to move was in anticipation
of sending us with the expedition to Fort Fisher, N. C.
On the lOth, the rebels came down upon our pickets from
the direction of the Darbytown road, and drove our cav-
alry pickets on the right back to our infantry support.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
341
During the morning a corporal of the Third New Hamp-
shire captured a rebel lieutenant, who had accidentally-
wandered inside our lines while scouting. For this piece
of gallantry the corporal was allowed to keep the crest-
fallen rebel's sword and belt. The enemy continued to
press our lines all day, and in anticipation of an attack the
troops were all ordered into the trenches. It was a cold,
sleety day, dismal in the extreme, but we fell in lively and
manned the formidable breastworks in our immediate
front. Qiiickly pushing out a heavy skirmish line, the lost
ground was regained, and the cavalry outposts once more
established, although three successive attacks were made
on different portions of our line, resulting only in a loss to
the enem}- of quite a number killed and wounded and
some prisoners. The Seventh remained out that night in
the breastworks, and were only dismissed after daylight
on the morning of the nth, and after everything at the
picket line was reported quiet.
A NEGRO HUT.
342 History of the Seven'th Regiment
CHAPTKR XXI.
FIRST EXPEDITION TO FORT FISHER. ARRIVAL OF
RECRUITS. THE EXECUTION OF FIVE MEN BY
SENTENCE OF COURT MARTIAL. THE LAST DRESS
PARADE OF THE ORIGINAL SEVENTH N. H. VOLUN-
TEERS. THE FAREWELL ORDER OF COLONEL AB-
BOTT. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGIMENT. EXECU-
TION OF A MAN IN THE THIRD NEW HAMPSHIRE.
THE SECOND EXPEDITION TO FORT FISHER. THE
SEVENTH UNDER MARCHING ORDERS. ON BOARD
TRANSPORT EN ROUTE TO FORT FISHER. GEN.
A. H. TERRY IN COMMAND. THE ARRIVAL OF THE
FLEET. LANDING ON THE BEACH. DESCRIPTION
OF FORT FISHER. OFFICIAL REPORT OF GENERAL
BUTLER. THE SECOND ASSAULT ON FORT FISHER.
THE CAPTURE OF THE FORT. OFFICIAL REPORT
OF GENERAL TERRY.
On the 13th, a portion of the Army of the James, con-
sisting of General Ames's division of the Twenty-fourth
Corps, and General Paine's division of the Tvventy-tifth
Corps (colored), or about sixty-five hundred in all, were
ordered to Fortress Monroe to take part in the expedition
to Fort Fisher. They were to rendezvous at Fortress
Monroe, there to be joined by Admiral Porter with thirty-
seven vessels, carrying an armament of five hundred
guns, which made the most formidable fleet assembled
for any special expedition during the war. This was
the first expedition to Fort Fisher. This expedition sailed
on the 1 8th for its place of rendezvous twenty-five miles
New Hampshire Volunteers. 343
east of Fort Fisher. General Butler went with the expe-
dition, and placed Maj. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel in immedi-
ate command.
The weather had now become quite cold, and was at
times severe, and a good fire seemed our only comfort.
We had commenced drilling again, and on the 20th, one
hundred and eleven recruits arrived for the Seventh ;
among them were a few drafted men for one or two years'
service, the rest being "subs," of about the eighteenth
grade, as we judged b}^ their appearance — at any rate
they were bad enough. These recruits were about evenly
distributed among the different companies — the company
to which the writer belonged received thirteen. The pre-
vailincr custom in such distributions was for a non-com-
missioned officer from each company to report to the
adjutant, who would count off the number to be assigned
each company, commencing on the right, delivering each
squad in turn to each of the non-commissioned officers,
who at once marched his particular assignment to his
company quarters, where they were apportioned quarters,
and at once became part of the company.
On the morning of the 21st, three brigades, including
ours, were ordered into line under arms, and were
marched outside the earthworks into a large open field to
witness the execution of five men who belonged to the
First Connecticut Battery, who were to be shot for the
crime of desertion, they having been tried and sentenced
by court martial. Arriving at the allotted place we were
placed in such manner that our lines formed three sides
of a large hollow square, one end remaining open.
Shortly after getting into position we heard the rattling of
chains, and soon saw the condemned men marching in at
one corner of the square, carrying the heavy iron balls
and chains which were attached to their persons, and also
upon one of each of the prisoner's shoulders rested one
344 History of the Seventh Regiment
end of his coffin, the other end being supported by one of
the provost guards, a detail of which, under the direction
of the provost marshal, were escorting the prisoners to
their several positions beside the newly dug graves at the
open end of the square formed by the troops.
As we gazed upon that sad-looking procession, trudg-
ing along down through the centre between the long lines
of troops, with the mud ankle deep at every step, the sky
overcast and gloomy, the atmosphere chilly and damp,
with not a single ray of sunshine to light their way — for
the sunlight had really gone out to those condemned men
forever — no friend near to say "farewell," we thought it
really a most dreary and dismal time for a mortal to look
his last upon life and the face of mother earth. Upon
their arrival at the place where five graves had been
newly dug, each prisoner was assigned a position beside
one of these open graves. The charges, findings, and
sentence of the court martial were then read b}- the pro-
vost marshal. The prisoners were then blindfolded, while
the detail for the execution, consisting of exactly a dozen
men, were quietly marched into position under command
of a corporal, some thirt}- paces in front of and facing the
prisoners, while a reserve detail of the same number was
posted a few paces to the right and rear in order to be
readily accessible in case the fire of the first detail did not
prove fatal. A chaplain then invoked a blessing upon
their souls, at the conclusion of which the provost marshal
dropped a white handkerchief from an extended hand, the
carbines belched forth as one report, the echo resounding
on either side, and the bullets went singing on their errand
of death. It seemed like a different song from that we
had ever been accustomed to hear in the trenches and on
the skirmish line. We remember, as though it was but
yesterday, just the sound those bullets made. We looked
towards the graves, but to our astonishment each man yet
New Hampshire Volunteers. 345
remained standing, showing conclusively that the detail
had fired high. The second or reserve detail was at once
marched into position while the first detail retired to the
place occupied by the reserve, and at the same signal the
smoke pufied from their carbines, and their fire proved
more accurate, but not entirely etiective. The prisoners
all fell. Three were dead, while two were trying hard to
rise again, and one of them even got upon his knees,
when a bullet from the revolver of the provost marshal
sent him down. Again he attempted to rise, getting upon
his elbow and raising his body nearl}' to a sitting posture,
when a second bullet in the head from the marshal's revol-
ver suddenly extinguished what little lite was left and a
third shot put out the life of the second prisoner, thus end-
ing the execution. It seemed sad for us to witness such
scenes, but the regiment was occasionally ordered out for
this purpose during that winter in Virginia.
On the evening of this day, December 21, 1S64, all
those original members of the Seventh, both officers and
men, numbering in all one hundred and ninet3'-five, and
of which number some were absent sick, who had not
re-enlisted, and whose term of service had expired were
ordered into line without arms, forming on the left of those
at dress parade who were to stay, which was to be really
the last parade of the old Seventh ever to be held by the
comrades who had known each other so long and well,
and who had so thoroughly proved each other on many
a hard- fought field, in some reckless charge, in a forlorn
hope, or at the extreme front, in the deadly skirmish,
shoulder to shoulder, supporting each other with patriotic
enthusiasm even unto death. And as the men stood in
that line patiently awaiting the orders to be published by
the adjutant, hardly a visage belonging to the men who
were to remain and see the war to the end, but was down-
cast with sorrow, and tears copiously trickled down those
346 History of the Seventh Regiment
bronzed weather-beaten, manly faces, at the thought that
the time had come when they must bid "farewell" and
and perhaps "forever farewell," to those who had become
endeared through associations formed amidst the trials and
dangers of warfare, and which it seemed almost impossi-
ble now to break asunder.
The following was Colonel Abbott's farewell order :
Headquarters Seventh N. H. Volunteers,
Laurel Hill, Va., December 19, 1864.
General Orders, No. 65.
Officers and Soldiers, — The term of the original
members of this regiment having expired, they are about
to be mustered out of the service of the United States.
Companions in arms for three years, that relation now
ends, and you look back upon an experience as honorable
as it is varied. Since that night when the first tap of the
drum was heard in Camp Hale, you have traversed twenty
degrees of latitude, and performed duty from New Hamp-
shire to the Gulf of Mexico. This rent standard, these
thinned ranks, these browned faces, are witnesses alike of
the conflicts in which you have participated, and the hard-
ships which you have endured. It is now your undisputed
privilege to know that you have served your country when
her safety was menaced, and that you have thereb}- con-
tributed to the support of good government, of liberty, and
the rights of men, and you now bequeath to history and
tradition the story of Wagner, Chester Hill, Drewr3''s
Blufl', Deep Run, New Market Heights, Richmond, Lau-
rel Hill, and Darby town Road, as well as those skir-
mishes, marches, and bivouacks, running from the 17th of
June, 1863, down through an almost uninterrupted cam-
paign to the present date.
To those officers and men' who, having thus faithfully
performed their duty for three years, now return to their
homes, I bid God speed in their after journey of life.
When you return to the duties and opportunities of citizen-
ship, I admonish you not to forget what, to each free man,
to each commonwealth, to the continent, to letters, to the
New Haimpshire Volunteers. 347
arts, to civilization, is involved in this great controversy of
arms ; to cherish still recollections of this old standard ; of
the number now faintly emblazoned upon it ; of that gal-
lant and intrepid spirit who led us to the tragedy of Wag-
ner, and those who there fell with him ; of others still who
have fallen upon other fields, and whose bones now lie
scattered in distant and remote places ; of the weary
marches by day and by night, the flaming line and the
ensanguined sword ; and, lastly, of us who remain, still
following in the path which you have trod, until we may
return, as you now do, to the pursuits of peace, but in a
country which is at peace.
This is not the occasion to advert in detail to merits or
deficiencies. It is rather proper for me to say that in
those three years I have witnessed so much in you of
patience in hardships, so much of fidelity in duty, so much
of cheerful obedience to authority, and so much of genu-
ine bravery in the field, that I sink ail of criticism and
proffer to you unreserved thanks. Officers : I thank you
for the uniform courtesy of your official and social inter-
course with me. Men : I thank you for numberless acts
of personal kindness, and for that confidence which has
enabled me, through you, to serve our country without
reproach.
It is thus that I address those of this re^riment who now
return to their homes. You who remain demand no word
from me now, for before you is still that duty which no
soldier can mistake, and that honor to which all can confi-
dently aspire.
And upon all I invoke the aid of that God who rules in
the afiairs of men, and in whose trust these words of part-
ing are uttered.
By order of the Colonel,
(Signed) John Green,
First Lieutenant and Adjutant.
The officers who fell in to go home with these men
were : Company A — Capt. Charles Hooper, Second
Lieut. Mansel Otis; Company B — Second Lieut. James
A. Cobb ; Company C — First Lieut. William F. Spalding ;
348 History of the Seventh Regiment
Company D — Captain James M. Chase, First Lieut. Fer-
dinand Davis; Compan}' E — First Lieut. Robert Burt;
Company F — Capt. Charles Cain; Company G — Capt.
Penuel C. Ham, First Lieut. William W. W. Walker;
Company H — Capt. Nathan M. Ames; Company I —
First Lieut. Hazen G. Dodge; Company K — Capt. Le-
ander W. Foaxs First Lieut. William A. Hill, Second
Lieut. George AL Chase.
Of these officers, First Lieut. Ferdinand Davis, of Com-
pany D, had been continually on General Ha\vle3''s staff
since the Florida campaign of February, 1S64, and was
severely wounded at the battle of Olustee, Fla., February
20, 1S64 : First Lieut. Robert Burt, of Compan}^ E, was
detailed with the ambulance corps during the campaign in
Virginia; First Lieut. William A. Hill, of Company K,
had been severely wounded June 18, 1864, at Bermuda
Hundred, Va. ; Second Lieut. George M. Chase, of Com-
pany K, served for a long time in the signal corps, on
detached service ; Captain Hooper, of Company A, and
Captain Ham, of Compan}' G, had both been wounded.
Captain Chase, of Company D, and Captain Ames, of
Company H, were the only two officers in the regiment at
this date who were mustered in as captains at the organi-
zation of the regiment. It was with feelings of regret and
sadness that the officers and men of the original Seventh
saw these comrades depart.
Immediately after dress parade on the evening of De-
cember 21, the men whose term of enlistment had expired
at once filed off toward Jones's Landing, on the James
River, under command of Captain Ames — Captain Chase,
the senior officer, being on the sick list — and as the men
tiled past us, each gave some parting word ; and as Sergt.
"Tom" Langlan and Corp. "Sheltie" Burtt. of Company
D, in particular, bade us a cheerful "good bye," we more
emphatically remarked the smiling faces and lighter step
of the comrades who would be with us no more.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 349
As a matter of courtesy to the original members of the
Seventh who were about to leave the service, we will leave
the regiment in the held and proceed homeward with the
detachment in order that the incidents and events of their
journey and muster out may be duly chronicled, and may
become a part of the history of this regiment.
A drizzling rain had set in during the afternoon of the
2 1st, and the road to the landing, over which the detach-
ment had to pass, had become a perfect mud-hole. The
only and easiest way to get to the river was to go across
lots, and by marching in single hie on either side when-
ever they came to the roadway, they managed to pull
through. This mud was nearly half-knee deep for a
large portion of the way, and the men carried no small
quantity of that mud, which so tenaciously adhered to
their clothing, to their New Hampshire homes. About
the only way to get it off their boots was to let it wear off.
About dark the landing was reached, and there a steamer
was found in waiting to convey them to Fortress Monroe,
where they arrived the next day ; here a stop of two or
three hours was made. While at this place, the officers
had to hunt around considerably tor something to eat, but
were fortunate enough to tall in with some of the employes
of the Sanitary Commission, and finally got a good square
meal. The detachment was then ordered aboard the reg-
ular Baltimore boat, arriving in that city early the next
morning. Upon learning that they would have to wait
some hours before they could take the cars for New York,
many of the men devoted this time to "seeing the sights,"
while others who were just as anxious to see as much as
possible, but could not do so without bidding everybody
" good bye,"' did not forget, in the short time allowed, to
visit and take a parting drink at nearly every " gin-mill"
within reach, and in most cases everything was free to
these returning veterans. Finally the train was made up
35© History of the Seventh Regiment
about the middle of the forenoon, and the men were
marched aboard the cars — and such cars ! Old cattle-
cars that had been constantly in use for a fortnight would
have compared favorably with these, and for cleanliness
would certainly have surpassed them. In these lilthy
pens called passenger cars, the detachment went directly
to Philadelphia, arriving there that evening. They were
at once transported across the city in horse-cars, again
taking steam cars for New York city, which place was
reached shortly after midnight, when they were at once
marched through the city to the Harlem depot, which
was found to be closed for the night. The men then
scattered, piling into saloons, hotels, or any other place
where they could get in. They found the hotels gen-
erally full : but they were allowed the privilege of lying
upon the floor, thereby getdng a tew hours' sleep or rest
until morning, when they again took the cars direct for
Worcester, Mass. From there they went directly through
to Concord, N. H., by rail, without accident or delay,
reaching there at midnight. Here they found Adjt. Gen.
Natt Head awaiting their arrival, who at once escorted
the detachment to a hall where the}' were furnished
rations and a place where the}- could rest until morning,
when thev were siven a substantial breakfast, after which
came the business of mustering-out, discharging, and
paying off the men. By order of the mustering otficer in
the field the rolls had been made out with only the names
of those men upon them whose term of service had expired.
These rolls the mustering officer at Concord, Capt. A. B.
Thompson, would not accept, although he said he would
muster-out and discharge the men on them. So the men
were discharged, to date December 22, 1S64, and paid;
then the officers had to send one of their number back to
the front to make out a new set of muster-out rolls, which
had to have upon them the name of ever\- man who had
New Hampshire Volunteers. 351
ever belonged to the different companies. First Lieut.
Ferdinand Davis was detailed for this duty, and not until
his return and the acceptance of the new rolls by the mus-
tering officer, could the officers be mustered out. This
was finally accomplished, and the officers were mustered
out and paid, and this detachment of the original Seventh
became a matter of history.
Returning to the camp of the Seventh at Laurel Hill,
Va., we find them still engaged in drill and frequent tours
of picket duty. As soon as the men and officers whose
term of service had expired had left the regiment, arrange-
ments regarding promotions began at once to be made, in
order to fill the vacancies which had been caused by muster-
out. Second Lieut. Henry F. W. Little, of Company E,
had been promoted to first lieutenant in the Fourth U. S.
Colored Troops, to date from October 7, 1864; Second
Lieut. Calvin Brown, of Company G, had been promoted
to first lieutenant of Company H, to date from December
13, 1864; Second Lieut. Charles P. Dennison, of Com-
pau}- H, had been promoted to first lieutenant of Company
A, to date from December 13, 1864.
The new recommendations made to fill these commis-
sions were nearl}- all from the non-commissioned officers
who had re-enlisted. The following recommendations for
promotions were made, and the commissions issued accord-
ingly :
First Lieut. Charles P. Dennison, of Companv A, to
be captain of same company, to date from December 22,
1864.
Second Lieut. George F. McCabe, of Companv C, to
be captain of same company, to date from November 30,
1864.
First Sergt. Grovenor A. Curtice, of Company D, to
be captain of same company, to date from December 22,
1864.
352 History of the Seventh Regiment
First Lieut. John A. Coburn, of Company H, to be
captain of Company E, to date from December 12, 1864.
Second Lieut. George Roberts, of Company F, to be
captain of same company, to date from December 22, 1864.
Second Lieut. Charles A. Lawrence, of Company D, to
be captain of Company G, to date from November 2, 1864.
First Lieut. William W. W. Walker, of Company G,
to be captain of Company I, to date from October 28, 1864.
First Lieut. Paul Whipple, of Company A, to be captain
of Company K, to date from December 12, 1864.
First Sergt. Clement F. S. Ames, of Company C, to be
first lieutenant of same company, to date from December
22, 1S64.
Sergt. Charles B. Wallace, of Company E, to be first
lieutenant of the same company, to date from December
22, 1S64.
First Sergt. George W. Dicey, of Company G, to be
first lieutenant of same company, to date from December
22, 1864.
First Sergt. Josiah H. Gage, of Company K, to be first
lieutenant of same company, to date from December 22,
1864.
Private James A. Hills, of Company K, was promoted
to quartermaster sergeant, non-commissioned staff', to date
from December 22, 1S64.
On December 25, Christmas Day, we were visited by
Adjt. Gen. Natt Head, of New Hampshire, who was very
popular with all the soldiers from the old Granite State.
We were all very glad to see him, and made his visit of a
tew hours as pleasant as possible. On the 26th, a man
belonging to Company G, Third New Hampshire, w'as
shot for the crime of desertion. In the afternoon of this
day the news of the fall of Savannah reached us, and we
learned that General Sherman had " marched to the sea."
MAJ. GEN. BENJ. F. BUTLER.
GEN. OKMSBY M. MITCHELL.
GEN. DAVID HUN I I li
New Hampshire Volunteers. 353
Such good news caused much shouting and cap-throwing,
and we knew that General Sherman had grappled the
throat of the Confederacy with an iron hand.
On the 30th, the troops who went on the first expedition
to Fort Fisher were arriving back to their camps, the
expedition having proved a failure. Owing to a severe
storm and other delays, it seems the troops were not
landed until the 24th ; and then, after a careful survey,
General Weitzel had decided, with the approval of Gen-
eral Butler, that the fort was impregnable by a direct
assault, the terrible precedents of Fort Wagner and Port
Hudson being strong arguments to substantiate his opinion.
Badly mortified by this unexpected result, after so much
preparation, the expeditionary corps returned to their
former positions north of the James River. General
Grant, however, not feeling disposed to acquiesce in the
decision in regard to Fort Fisher, had ordered a second
expedition to be prepared, which was to be under the
supervision of Gen. A. H. Terry, while Brig. Gen. Adel-
bert Ames was to personally command the troops, which,
as far as we knew, were to be augmented by Colonel
Abbott's brigade, which was entirely armed with seven-
shooters.
On January 3, 1865, the regiment received orders to be
read}' to march at 11 o'clock a. m., with five days' rations,
and the orders for our departure stipulated that we should
take only efficient men ; therefore the sick were to be left
behind in our camps. At just 11 o'clock a. m., the regi-
ment quietly fell in, with three hundred and one men, rank
and file, and were marched to Jones's Landing, where
they crossed the James River on the pontoon bridge, and
proceeded to Bermuda Hundred Landing, near which
place they arrived at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, in a
driving snow-storm, and were marched back about a mile
into a piece of woods, where they bivouacked tor the night.
23
354 History of the Seventh Regiment
The night was very cold and disagreeable, and it snowed
quite hard all night. We now learned that the supposition
was that we were a part of another expedition to Fort
Fisher. During the 4th, the troops began to embark.
We found the expedition consisted of Ames's entire divi-
sion and Abbott's brigade (1,501 men) of Terry's division
of the Twenty-fourth Corps, and Paine's division of the
Twenty-fifth Corps, in all about eight thousand men,
besides the Sixteenth N. Y. Independent Battery, with
four three-inch guns, and Light Batter}^ E, Third U. S.
Artillery, with six light twelve-pounder guns. The trans-
ports did not arrive as soon as expected, and the embarka-
tion of the troops was not completed until the morning of
the 5th, the Seventh being routed out about 2 o'clock to go
aboard the steam transport " General Lyons" ; by 5 o'clock
A. M. the regiment was all aboard, and the " General
Lyons " pulled out into the stream with other loaded
transports, and anchored for a short time in order to give
the transports not yet loaded a chance to get up to the
wharf. On our transport we found the Third New Hamp-
shire of our brigade, which made the journey much more
agreeable. At sunrise the transport upon which the Sev-
enth had embarked weighed anchor, and proceeded with
others down the river, arrived at Fortress Monroe about 5
o'clock p. M., and anchored. Here we lay for about
twelve hours, during which time we noticed great activity
among the assembling fleet of naval vessels. The fleet
was an enormous one, and composed of every kind of a
vessel — large and small, steam and sail, armed and
unarmed, side-wheelers, propellors, and tugs. The expe-
dition was said to have received sealed orders here, to be
opened oft' Cape Henry.
The vessels all put to sea ver}- early on the morning of
the 6th, ours leaving at 4 o'clock a. m., passing Cape
Henry at 7.30 o'clock. The orders being now read,
New Hampshire V^olunteers.
155
directed that the fleet should rendezvous twenty-live miles
ofl' Beaufort, N. C, and that the object of the expedition
was for a second demonstration against Fort Fisher. On
the morning of the 7th, we found the fleet still heading in
a southerly direction. The weather was very rough in-
deed and continued so until the 9th. A large quantity of
the government stores provided for this expedition had to
be stored on each vessel, and many of the packages broke
loose on board the different vessels, barrels and boxes
being thrown with such violence from side to side as to
break open packages of sugar, coffee, bacon, etc., so that
much of our provisions became lost in this way.
On the morning of the 8th, we arrived off' Beaufort,
N. C, the appointed rendezvous. The sea was so rough
that we found it impossible to anchor, and consequently
were obliged to cruise about, la3'ing off' and on all day,
waitincr for orders. We were close to the naval fleet of
Rear Admiral Porter, but the weather continued so rough
that we could not anchor until the night of the 9th. On
the loth. General Terry ordered the plan of proceeding to
Fort Fisher, and he directed that the transports follow the
naval vessels in the followincr order :
GUNBOATS.
McClellan "
Livingstone "
Verona " .
Tonawanda"
De Molay "
Thames "
Champion "
Commodore Dupont"
Montauk "'
Idaho."
TRANSPORTS.
by the " Euterpe."
" "Atlandc."
" " Prometheus."
" " General Lyons."
" " California."
" " Weybosset."
"NorthPoint."
" " Russia."
" " Blackstone."
356 History of the Seventh Regiment
The "North Point" and " Blackstone"' were hospital
vessels. The gale which had been continuous thus far
now started in afresh ; the transports were obliged to
put to sea for safety, and occupied the time by cruising
about. Indications looked very much like a regular
"norther," as was sometimes the case in this climate dur-
ing the colder months of the year. The sea was so rough
that the " General Lyons," on which were the Third and
Seventh New Hampshire, was obliged to cruise about all
night. During the night one man from the Third New
Hampshire was lost overboard, by a sudden lurching of
the vessel ; the vessel was turned about and a search
made, but under the existing circumstances it was wholly
useless and of no avail. The name of the man was
Charles Brown, a substitute recruit.
Of this storm Commissary Sergt. James M. Seavey, in
his diary kept at the time, says :
"January 10, commenced blowing last night at 12
o'clock. Has blowed ever since. Sea runs ver}- high.
Weighed anchor at davlight and stood out to sea. Have
been running south all day. The gale has not abated 3'et
(3 p. :m.). Could not set the table in the cabin to-day.
Had to eat our ' grub' sitting on the floor. The waiter who
brought us our tbod would come from the pantry with a
plate of food for someone, when the ship would give a
sudden lurch, and away would go the waiter — plate,
'grub,' and all — across the cabin floor into someone's lap
or into someone's stateroom, head foremost. One waiter
who was carrying a rice pudding was pitched headlong
into a stateroom in such a manner that the pudding com-
pletely covered his face, and as he picked himself up he
was a ludicrous sight to behold. Potatoes were rolling in
all directions, making it dangerous to step upon one.
" A captain was seen trying to eat his dinner sitting at
the table, when all at once a crash was heard, and upon
New Hampshire Volunteers.
357
looking in that direction the captain was seen lying on his
back, with his head and shoulders in someone's state-
room and his feet and legs out in the cabin, with his food
spread over his face and body. As I am writing this, I
can hear the dishes and all moveable things about the
cabin going from one side of the ship to the other every
time the vessel makes a lurch, at railroad speed, and it is
death and destruction to all glassware and frail things."
On the morning of the nth, as the storm had somewhat
abated, our vessel ran in near the shore and anchored.
During the afternoon we had three days' rations issued,
and were ordered to be ready to go ashore the next morn-
ing. We were tumbling about on the water in this w^ay
until the 12th, when, the weather having changed and the
FORT FISHER WHEN IT FIRST APPEARED IX SIGHT.
water having become smoother, the naval fleet started for
Fort Fisher, the war vessels in advance, and each of the
ten gunboats having its accompan3'ing transport.
It was a grand sight. The leading vessels were out of
sight before ours had started, and still there w^ere others
to follow. It was the best illustration we ever saw of
what we learned in our schoolboy days regarding the
rotundity of the earth, the last thing visible of the more
distant vessels being the tops of the masts just before they
disappeared from view. The next morning the continuous
mounds of Fort Fisher appeared in sight.
At daybreak on the 13th, our gunboats began shelling
the woods and shore north of the fort, in order to clear
those places of rebels, that our troops might effect a land-
358
History of the Seventh Regiment
ing, which was begun about an hour later. We were in
plain sight of the fort, which presented a sight never
before seen by us. It had the appearance of a long
row of immense hay-cocks, and we wondered sometimes
where so much sand could have been found with which to
construct such great mounds and in such numbers. On
the 13th, the troops commenced to land at 8 o'clock a. m.,
and before night were all landed on the beach above the
fort, in small boats manned by sailors from the fleet, and
many amusing incidents occurred during the landing.
As the boats were rowed up to the beach, the heavy
waves would recede, and for an instant the bow of the
boat would rest upon the sand, when the order would be
A NEARER VIEW OF FORT FISHER.
given to jump, which order was supposed to be executed
on the instant, in order to be out of and clear of the next
incoming wave. The men being in heavy marching
order, and judging from the size of their knapsacks,
perhaps a little top-heavy, could not all execute the move-
ment promptly at the right moment, and those who were
late in the execution of the command would invariably be
caught by the next big roll, when they would find them-
selves in water perhaps ten feet deep. Man}^ came near
being drowned, and were very fortunate in getting off
with only a thorough drenching. A very broad smile was
caused by those who witnessed the misfortune which befell
New Hampshire Volunteers. 359
an officer, in a brand new uniform, whose foot slipped
just as he was ready to jump, sending him headlong into
the water. The sailors pulled him out by the collar, and
seemed much pleased at the opportunity to lend a hand at
his rescue. The officer did not belong to the Seventh, but
was, we were informed later, a newl}' detailed staff officer.
Again, two company cooks, who had been closely watch-
ing this operation of jumping, were anxiously waiting their
chance to land. They were in charge of quite an accu-
mulation of sugar and coffee belonging to their company,
and resolved to keep it dry if possible ; in order to do
so, one fastened the bag of sugar around his neck, and
the other secured the bag containing the coffee in a like
manner around his own. They jumped just quick enough
to get caught in one of the largest of the incoming waves.
The one having charge of the sugar was fished out just in
time to save his life, while the one having the coffee
came near being drowned, but was finally rescued in an
exhausted condition by one of the sailors belonging to the
boat, but the sugar and coffee were spoiled.
The comrades of our regiment who were with that expe-
dition will never forget the comical attempts they were
compelled to make on the beach on that cold January day
at wringing the salt water from their clothes. The land-
ing of the troops occupied the time and attention of every-
body while it was in process, and the operation was not
completed until about 5 o'clock, after which the gunboats
devoted their undivided attention to the fort, pitching in
their shells until long after dark.
As soon as the whole of Colonel Abbott's brigade was
landed they were formed in line with the troops under
General Paine, when General Ames proceeded to form a
line across the peninsula, about two miles above Fort
Fisher to prevent the rebel troops from reinforcing their
garrisons at Fort Fisher and Fort Buchanan. On this
360 History of the Seventh Regiment
line, which extended from the Atlantic Ocean to Cape
Fear River, earthworks were at once thrown up, facing
outward from the direction of Fort Fisher, and the pickets
in front had some slight skirmishes with a small body of
Confederates, but as yet no considerable force had
appeared from the direction of Wilmington.
The 14th was occupied by the navy in shelling the fort,
and from the transports were landed artiller}--, mules, am-
munition, rations, and other paraphernalia, which betok-
ened siege operations, should the coming attack fail to
give us possession of the stronghold ; and at night General
Terry and Admiral Porter arranged the details of the
battle which was to be participated in on the morrow by
both land and naval forces.
There is so much regarding the taking of Fort Fisher to
be carefully weighed and understood — the matter having
led to many long controversies and even to a congressional
investigation — that it is next to impossible to write about
the capture of this noted earthwork and not include an
account of both attacks, General Butler, General Terr}-,
Admiral Porter and the navy, and the famous powder-
boat. To do this I shall quote from the otiicial reports,
first giving a description of the fort. The lollowing
description is from the Third New Hampshire Regimental
history :
FORT fisher.
"A cursory description of the fort, and its value to the
Confederacy, will first be of interest. It was located on
the southerl}' end of a long and narrow spit of land, lying
on the easterly side of the entrance to Cape Fear River,
the latter being the highway, by water, to Wilmington.
There was a pretence, to be sure, of blockading this port,
but to no purpose. It was notoriously true that blockade-
runners went in and out, almost at will, with the result to
be expected : the rebels traded all they chose, and Wil-
mington was their chief port of entr}'.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
361
" In general shape, looking at it from a more southerly
point, the fort looked like an immense figure ' 7 ' ; while
a view from the other point — say from the point of attack
— had one been 'up in a balloon,' the appearance would
have been like a huge letter 'L.' The fort was not a
continuous work, but rather a series of works, and a bird's-
eye view resembled a row ( shaped as described ) of
immense hay-cocks. The top of the '7' — or the bottom
of the ' L' — formed the land face, which was the point
of approach and attack, while the longer remaining part
formed the sea face. Along the land front (which practi-
THE MOUND BATTERY.
cally extended from Cape Fear River to the sea) was a
strong palisade (some call it a stockade), extending from
water to water, near the centre of which was a sally-port.
At the extreme point of the spit of land was Fort Buchanan,
a strong work; while opposite to it (across the mouth
of the river) lay Fort Caswell, of no mean calibre. At
the extreme southerly point of the fort itself was an extra
large work called the Mound Battery. With this general
description, the reader must for the present be content, as
he will obtain further descriptions in the account itself at
various points of its narration."
362 History of the Seventh Regiment
Althouoii the Seventh was not present at the tirst attack
on Fort Fisher, the official reports of the engagement will be
the more interesting as many reasons have been published
as the cause of the failure of the expedition to accomplish
its purpose, and again for the reason that the second expe-
dition was successful.
The forces composing the first expedition were : First
Brigade, Brevet Brig. Gen. N. M. Curtis ; which was on
the Steamers "C. Thomas" and " Weybosset." About
five hundred of this brigade landed first, and quite precip-
itately, and a little later the remaining portion of this
brigade landed more deliberately. This five hundred con-
sisted of the One Hundred and Forty-second New York,
and about fifty of the One Hundred and Twelfth New
York. It was a portion of this brigade that was left on
shore till the 27th. The place of landing was about three
miles north of Fort Fisher, and was made under the super-
vision of Brigadier-General Graham's Naval Brigade.
The Second Brigade was under command of Col. Galusha
A. Pennypacker, on the steamers " Perrit L. Moore" and
" Idaho," and was landed. The Third Brigade was under
command of Col. Louis Bell, on the steamers ''Baltic"
and " Haze," and was landed. The Sixteenth New York
Battery, Captain Lee, was on the steamer " Starlight."'
The following is the official report of General Butler to
General Grant, of the first attack, and will be found quite
explanatory regarding the result and very interesting :
Headquarters Department of Virginia
AND North Carolina.
Ar:\iy of the James, In the Field, Jan. 3, 1S65.
General, — On the 7th of December last, in obedience to
your orders, I moved a force of six thousand five hundred
efficient men, consisting of General Ames's division of the
Twentv-fourth Corps, and General Paine's division ot the
Twenty-fifth Corps, under command of Major General
New Hampshire Volunteers. 363
Weitzel, to an encampment near Bermuda. On the Sth,
the troops embarked for Fortress Monroe. On the 9th
(Friday), I reported to Rear Admiral Porter that the
army portion of the conjoint expedition directed against
Wihnington was ready to proceed. We waited there till
Saturday, the loth, Sunday, the nth, and Monday, the
1 2th. On the 12th, Rear Admiral Porter informed me
that the naval fleet would sail on the 13th, but would be
obliged to put into Beaufort to take on board ammunition
for the monitors. The expedition having become the sub-
ject of remark, and fearing lest its destination should get
to the enemy, in order to divert from it all attention, on
the morning of Tuesday, the 13th, at 3 o'clock, I ordered
the transport fleet to proceed up the Potomac, during the
day, to Matthias Point, so as to be plainly visible to the
scouts and signal men of the enem}^ on the northern neck,
and to retrace their course at night and anchor under the
lee of Cape Charles.
Having given the navy thirty-six hours' start, at 12
o'clock noon of the 14th, Wednesday, I joined the trans-
port fleet ofl' Cape Henry and put to sea, arriving at the
place of rendezvous ofl' New Inlet, near Fort Fisher, on
the evening of the 15th, Thursday. We then waited for
the navy Friday, the i6th, Saturday, the 17th, and Sun-
day, the iSth, during which days we had the finest pos-
sible weather and the smoothest sea. On the evening of
the i8th. Admiral Porter came from Beaufort to the place
of rendezvous. That evening the sea became rough, and
on Monday, the 19th, the wind sprang up freshly, so that
it was impossible to land troops ; by the advice of Admiral
Porter, communicated to me by letter, I directed the trans-
port fleet to rendezvous at Beaufort. This was a matter of
necessity, because the transport fleet, being coaled and
watered for ten days, had already waited that time, to
wit: from the 9th, the day on which we were ready to
sail, to the 19th.
On the 20th (Tuesday), 21st (Wednesday), 2 2d (Thurs-
day), and 23d (Friday), it blew a gale. I was occupied
in coaling and watering the transport fleet at Beaufort.
The "Baltic," having a larger supply of coal, was enabled
to remain at the place of rendezvous, with a brigade on
364 History of the Seventh Regiment
board of twelve hundred men, and General Ames reported
to Admiral Porter that he would cooperate with him.
On the 23d, I sent Captain Clark, of my staff', from
Beaufort on the fast-sailing, armed steamer "Chamber-
lain," to Admiral Porter, to inform him that on the evening
of the 24th I would again be at the rendezvous with the
transport fleet, for the purpose of commencing the attack,
the weather permitting. At 4 o'clock on the evening of
the 24th, I came in sight of Fort Fisher, and found the
naval fleet engaged in bombarding it, the powder vessel
having been exploded on the morning previous, about
I o'clock. Through General Weitzel I arranged with
Admiral Porter to commence the landing under cover of
the gunboats as early as 8 o'clock the next morning, if
possible, as soon as the Are of the Half Moon and Flag Pond
Hill batteries had been silenced. These are up the shore
some two or three miles above Fort Fisher. Admiral Por-
ter was quite sanguine that he had silenced the guns of Fort
Fisher. He was then urged, if that were so, to run by
the fort into Cape Fear River, and then the troops could
land and hold the beach without liability of being shelled
by the enemy's gunboats, the " Tallahasse " being seen in
the river. It is to be remarked that Admiral Farragut
even had never taken a fort except by running by and
cutting it oft' from all prospect of reinforcement, as at
Fort Johnson and Fort Morgan, and that no casemated
fort had been silenced by naval Are during the war ; that
if the admiral would put his ships in the river, the army
could supply him across the beach, as we had proposed
to do Farragut at Fort St. Philip : that, at least, the
blockade at Wilmington would be thus effectual, even if
we did not capture the fort. To that the admiral replied
that he should probably lose a boat by torpedoes if he
attempted to run b}-. He was reminded that the army
might lose five hundred men by the assault, and that his
boat would not weigh in the balance, even in a money
point of view, for a moment with the lives of the men.
The admiral declined going by, and the expedition was
deprived of that essential element of success.
At 12 o'clock noon of the 25th (Sunday), Captain
Glisson, commanding the covering division of the fleet,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 365
reported the batteries silenced and his vessels in position
to cover our landing. The transport fleet, following my
flag-ship, stood in within eight hundred yards of the
beach, and at once commenced debarking. The landing
was successfully effected. Finding that the reconnoiter-
ing party just landed could hold the shore, I determined
to land a force with which an assault might be attempted.
Brevet Brigadier-General Curtis, who deserves well for
his gallantry, immediately pushed up his brigade within a
few hundred yards of Fort Fisher, capturing the Half
Moon Battery and its men, who were taken ofl^ by the
boats of the navy. This skirmish line advanced to within
seventy-five yards of the fort, protected by the glacis,
which had been thrown up in such form as to give cover,
the garrison being completely kept in their bomb-proofs
by the fire of the navy, which was very rapid and contin-
uous, their shells bursting over the work with very consid-
erable accuracy. At this time we lost ten men, wounded
on the skirmish line by the shells from the fleet. Quitting
my flag-ship, I went on board the "Chamberlain" and
ran in within a few hundred yards of the fort, so that it
w^as plainly visible. It appeared to be a square-bastioned
work of very high relief, say fifteen feet, surrounded by
a wet ditch some fifteen feet wide. It was protected from
being enveloped by an assaulting force by a stockade
which extended from the Ibrt to the sea on one side and
from the marshes of Cape Fear River to the salient on the
other. No material damage to the fort as a defensive
work had been done. Seventeen heavy guns bore up the
beach, protected from the fire of the navy by traverses
eight or ten feet high, which were undoubtedly bomb-
proof shelters for the garrison. With the garrison kept
within their bomb-proofs, it was easy to maintain this
position ; but the shells of the navy, which kept the enemy
in their bomb-proofs, would keep my troops out. When
those ceased falling, the parapet was fully manned.
Lieutenant Walling, One Hundred and Forty-second
New York, pressed up to the edge of the ditch, and cap-
tured a flag which had been cut down by a shell from the
navy. It is a mistake, as was first reported to me, that
any soldier entered the fort. An orderly w^as killed about
a third of a mile from the fort, and his horse taken.
^66 History of the Seventh Regiment
In the meantime the remainder of Ames's division had
captured two hundred and eighteen men and ten commis-
sioned officers of the North Carolina Reserves and otlier
prisoners. From them I learned that Kirkland's and
Hagood's brigades of Hoke's division had left the front of
the Army of the James, near Richmond, and were then
within two miles of the rear of my forces, and their skir-
mishers were then actualh- engaged ; that the remainder
of Hoke's division had come the night before to Wilming-
ton, and were then on the march, if they had not already
arrived. I learned also that these troops had left Rich-
mond on Tuesday, the 20th. Knowing the strength of
Hoke's division, I found a force opposed to me, outside of
the works, larger than m}' own. In the meantime the
weather assumed a threatening aspect. The surf began
to roll in so that the landingr became difficult. At this
time General Weitzel reported to me that to assault the
work, in his judgment and in that of experienced officers
of his command, who had been in the skirmish line, with
any prospect of success was impossible. This opinion
coincided with my own, and much as I regretted the
necessity of abandoning the attempt, yet the path of duty
was plain. So strong a work as Fort Fisher had not
been taken by assault during the war, and I had to guide
me the experience of Port Hudson, with its slaughtered
thousands in the repulsed assault, and the double assault
on Fort Wagner, where thousands were sacrificed in an
attempt to take a work less strong than Fisher, after it
had been subjected to a more continued and fully as
severe fire. And in neither of the instances I have
mentioned had the assaulting force in its rear, as I had,
an army of the enemy, larger than itself. I therefore
ordered that no assault should be made, and that the
troops should re-embark. While superintending the prep-
aration for this, the fire of the navy ceased. Instantly the
guns of the fort were fully manned, and a sharp fire of
musketry, grape, and canister swept the plain over which
the column must have advanced and the skirmish line was
returning. Working with what diligence we could, it was
impossible to get the troops again on board before the sea
ran so high as to render further re-embarkation, or even
the sending of supplies on shore, impossible. I la}' by
New Hampshire Volunteers. 367
the shore until 11 o'clock the next day (Monday, the
26th), when, having made all proper dispositions for
getting the troops on board, I gave orders for the trans-
port fleet, as fast as the}' were ready, to sail for Fortress
Monroe, in obedience to my instructions from the lieuten-
ant-general.
I learned from deserters and prisoners captured that the
supposition upon which the lieutenant-general directed the
expedition, that Wilmington had been denuded of troops
to oppose General Sherman, was correct; that at the time
when the army arrived off Wilmington, there were less
than four hundred men in the garrison of Fort Fisher and
less than one thousand within twenty miles. But the
delay of three days' good weather — the i6th, 17th, and
i8th — waiting for the arrival of the navv, and the further
delay of the terrible storm of the 21st, 22d, and 23d, gave
time for troops to be brought from Richmond, three divi-
sions of which were either there or on the road. The
instructions of the lieutenant-o-eneral to me did not contem-
plate a siege. I had neither siege-trains nor supplies for
such a contingency. The exigency of possible delay, for
which the foresight of the commander of the armies had
provided, had arisen, to wit: the larger reinforcement of
the garrison. This, together with the fact that the navy
had exhausted their supply of ammunition in the bom-
bardment, left me with no alternative but to return with
m}' troops to the Army of the James.
The loss of the opportunit}' of Friday, Saturday, and
Sunda}', the i6th, 17th, and i8th, was the immediate
cause of the failure of the expedition. It is not my prov-
ince even to suggest blame to the navy for their delay of
four days at Beaufort. I know none of the reasons
which do or do not justify it. It is to be presumed they
are sufficient. I am happy to bring to the attention of the
lieutenant-general the excellent behavior of the troops,
both officers and men, which was all that could be desired.
I am under special obligations to Captain Glisson, of
the " Santiaso de Cuba," for the able and efficient manner
in which he covered our landing : to Captain Alden, of the
" Brooklyn," for his prompt assistance and the excellent
gunnery with which the " Brooklyn" cleared the shore of
all opposers at the moment of debarkation. Lieutenant
368 History of the Seventh Regiment
Farquhar, of the navy, having in charge the navy boats
which assisted in the landing, deserves great credit for the
energy and skill with which he managed the boats through
the rolling surf. Especial commendation is due Brigadier-
General Graham and the officers and men of his naval
brigade for the organization of his boats and crews for
landing and the untiring energy and industr}^ with which
they all labored in re-embarking the troops during the
stormy night of the 25th and the da3^s following. For this
and other meritorious services during the campaign since
the ist of Mav, which have heretotbre been brought to
the notice of the lieutenant-general in my official reports,
I w^ould respectfully but earnestly recommend General
Graham for promotion. The number of prisoners cap-
tured by us was three hundred, including twelve officers ;
also two heavy rifled guns, two light guns, and six cais-
sons. The loss of the army was one man drowned, two
men killed, one officer captured, two accidentally w^an-
dered through our pickets, and ten men wounded while
upon the picket line by the shells of the navy. Always
chary of mentioning with commendation the acts of my
own personal stati\ yet I think the troops who saw it will
agree to the cool courage and daring of Lieut. Sydney B.
DeKay, aide-de-camp, in landing on the night of the
25th, and remaining aiding in re-embarkation on the 27th.
For the details of the landing and the operations, I beg
leave to refer you to the reports of Major-General Weitzel,
commanding the division landed. Trusting my action will
meet with the approval of the lieutenant-general, the
report is respectfully submitted.
Benj. F. Butler,
To Lieut. Gen. U. S. Grant, Major-General.
Commanding Annies of the U. S.
By the official reports of Rear x\dmiral Porter during
these operations against Fort Fisher, it will be readily
seen that he was anything but friendly toward General
Butler, and did not use that courtesy, in speaking of the
part taken by the army, that should have been accorded
a commanding offiicer, and we have failed to see the
GEN. qUIXCY A. GILLMORE.
GEN. TKUMAN SKVMOUK.
GEN. ALFRED H. TERRY.
GEN. JOSEPH R. IIAWEEY
New Hampshire Volunteers. 369
hearty cooperation by the naval commander of the expe-
dition that was expected by General Butler. As a sample
of his daily reports, we give the following, which wall
explain the feeling which existed and to which we have
referred :
Flag-Ship " Malvern,"
Off New Inlet, N. C, December 27, 1864.
Sir, — My dispatch of yesterday will give you an ac-
count of our operations, but will scarcel}' give you an idea
of my disappointment at the conduct of the army authori-
ties, in not attempting to take possession of the forts, which
had been so completely silenced by our guns. They were
so blown up, burst up, and torn up, that the people inside
had no intention of fighting any longer. Had the army
made a show of surrounding it, it would have been ours ;
but nothing of the kind w^as done. The men landed,
reconnoitered, and hearing the enemy was massing troops
somewhere, the order was given to re-embark. They
went away as soon as a majority of the troops were on the
transports; and it coming on to blow rather fresh, about
seven hundred were left on shore. They have been there
ever since, without food or water, having landed with
only twenty-four hours' rations. I opened communication
with them this morning, and supplied them with provi-
sions. To show that the rebels have no force here, these
men have been on shore two da3's without being molested.
I am now getting them off, and it has taken half the
squadron, with the loss of many boats, to assist. I can't
conceive what the army expected when they came here.
It certainly did not need seven thousand men to garrison
Fort Fisher. It only requires one thousand to garrison all
these forts, which are entirely under the guns of Fort
Fisher. That taken, the river is open. Could I have
found a channel to be relied on in time, I would have put
the small vessels in, even if I had got a dozen of them
sunk ; but the channel we did find was only wide enough
for one vessel at right antrles, and we were not certain
of soundings. There never was a fort that invited sol-
diers to walk in and take possession more plainly than
Fort Fisher; an officer got on the parapet even, saw no
24
370 History of the Seventh Regiment
one inside, and brought away the flag we had cut down.
A soldier goes inside, through a sally-port, meets in the
fort, coming out of a bomb-proof, an orderly on horse-
back, shoots the orderly, searches his body, and brings
away with him the horse and communication the orderly
was bearing, to send up field pieces. Another soldier goes
into the fort, and brings out a mule that was stowed awa}^ ;
another soldier, who went inside w^hile our shells were
falling, shot his musket into a bomb-proof, where he saw
some rebels huddled together, and was not molested.
Ten soldiers who went around the fort were wounded by
our shells. All the men wanted was an order to go in.
We have been shown the weakness of this work. It can
be taken any moment in an hour's time, if the right man
is sent with the troops. They should be sent here to stay :
to land with a month's provisions, intrenching tools, guns,
and coehorn mortars. Ten thousand men will hold the
whole country. The rebels have been able to send here,
all told, about four thousand men. Seventy-five of them
gave themselves up to the navy, and two hundred and
eighteen gave themselves up to the reconnoitering party.
If I can't do better, I will land the sailors, and try if we
can't have full credit for what we do. If General Hancock,
with ten thousand men, were sent down here, we could
walk right into the fort.
I am, etc.,
David D. Porter,
_ ^^ ^ ,,, Rear Admiral.
To Hon. Gideon Welles,
Secretary of Navy, Washiiigioii, D. C.
General Whiting, the Confederate commander says he
had, on the iSth of December, six hundred and sixty-
seven men, and on the 23d was reinforced by four hun-
dred and ten men ; that on the 24th the fire of the fleet
disabled five guns, and on the 25th four guns, two of the
latter being on the left, looking up the beach, leaving
nineteen in position. The mines were undisturbed.
In a later report on December 30, speaking of the troops
composing the garrison. General Whiting says he had to
New Hainipshire Volunteers. 371
coax the Junior Reserves, a body of troops of two hun-
dred and fifty men, to come out from the bomb-proofs to
repel a possible assault ; that the heavy weather of Wed-
nesday and Thursday, after the arrival of the fleet, was the
salvation of the fort.
General Weitzel testified before the Congressional Com-
mittee that among the troops he found opposing him were
the Thirty-fourth North Carolina of Kirtland's brigade of
Hoke's division of Longstreet's corps, which the soldiers
from the Army of the James had been fighting in Virginia
since the previous May.
The t'ollowing commvmication from General Butler to
Admiral Porter is interesting :
25 December, 1864.
Upon landing the troops and making a thorough recon-
noissance of Fort Fisher, both General Weitzel and
myself are fully of the opinion that the place could not be
carried by assault, as it was left substantially uninjured,
as a defensive work, by the navy fire. We found seven-
teen guns protected by traverses, tw'o only of which were
dismounted, bearing up the beach, and covering a strip of
land, the only practicable route, not more than wide
enough for one thousand men in line of battle. I shall
therefore sail for Hampton Roads as soon as the transport
fleet can be got in order.
The troops of the first expedition were landed by the
naval brigade, — a well drilled and disciplined body of
sailors under General Graham. The troops composing
the second expedition were not landed by this brigade,
although landed by naval boats and crews.
The northern or land face of the fort, covering four
hundred and eighty yards, had twenty-one guns ; the sea
face, thirteen hundred yards, seventeen guns. The para-
pets were twenty-five feet thick and averaged twenty feet
high ; while the traverses were higher by about ten feet
and sloped back to about eight or twelve feet thick.
372
History of the Seventh Regiment
There were thirty bomb-proots, ^vith a floor area of four-
teen thousand five hundred feet.
Thus ended the first attack, and the results were quite
discouraging ; the troops were returned to \^irginia, and
Admiral Porter feehngly wrote the Department that he
was very sure the fort could be taken with a force under a
competent officer.
Secretar}- Welles of the Navy Department telegraphed
General Grant on the 29th of December, urging him to
furnish a sufficient force to insure the fall of Fort Fisher,
and says that the telegram " is sent at the suggestion of
the President." And finally says that "if the requisite
force cannot be furnished, the fleet will have to dis-
perse and cannot be again assembled" ; on the same day
Admiral Porter wrote the Navy Department that he had
sent most of his fleet, for deception purposes, to Beaufort,
one or two at a time, to look as if going away for repairs,
and further says that could he depend upon the sailors, he
would ask no army force : but he sa3's a large part of the
crews are green, and that sailors cannot stand the concen-
trated fire of regular troops. He again refers to his origi-
nal proposition for twelve thousand men. In concluding,
he begs that the fleet be not broken up, but permitted to
remain until found impossible to take the fort.
December 31, Secretary Welles informed Admiral Por-
ter that a competent force, properly commanded, was to
be sent immediately by General Grant, and would proba-
bly be ready to leave Hampton Roads the following Mon-
day or Tuesday, which at once signified that a second
attack on this stronghold was about to be made and that
every available means was to be used to make an assault
successful. In this second expedition was Ha\vle}""s bri-
gade, which was the Second Brigade of the First Division
of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. On this expedidon
this brigade was commanded by Col. Joseph C. x\bbott,
of the Seventh New Hampshire.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
173
PLAN OF THE NAVAL ATTACK OX FOUT FISHER, X. C.
374 History of the Seventh Regiment
The Seventh from the time of its landing, on the 13th,
was fully occupied in skirmishing, doing picket duty and
entrenching until the 15th, on which day, everything
being in readiness, the attack upon Fort Fisher com-
menced by a heav}' bombardment by the fleet about 9
o'clock in the mornincr a desultory tire havinor been
kept up during the night by a portion of the naval vessels.
It had been arranged that the assault should be made at 3
p. M., by both the land forces and the nav}- ; the column
from the na\'y consisted of four hundred marines and six-
teen hundred sailors, and was to assault on the sea face of
the fort, while the troops were to assault from the land
side. The bombardment b}' the navy was terrific, and it
is doubtful if there ever was a naval enfjacrement in which
such a storm of shells were thrown into a tort as were
thrown into Fort Fisher between 9 o'clock a. m. and
3 o'clock p. M., averaging seventy or more per minute,
and at 2 p. m. prepartions were made for the attack. At
3 p. M. the order to assault was given and the column of
marines and sailors moved up the beach in the direction
of the fort, while Curtis's, Pennypacker's and Bell's bri-
gades attacked from the land side in the order named.
The naval column was quickly repulsed, but the troops
approaching from the land side were successful, and about
dark Abbott's brigade, which had been left on the picket
line to prevent reinforcements from reaching the rebel
garrison from the direction of Wilmington, were ordered
into the assaulting column as a support for the troops
already engaged, who had as yet been only partiall}' suc-
cessful, making the fourth brigade engaged in the assault.
The Seventh entered at the gates and openings in the
palisades, and passed around the foot of the mounds
until opposite those which had not yet been captured, and
were then ordered to march by the right flank and begin
to ascend the mounds. A charge quickly drove the rebels
New Hampshire Volunteers. 375
from their breastworks, on reaching which we immedi-
ately jumped inside, and soon had the Confederates on
the run for Fort Buchanan, w^iich was situated still farther
down on the peninsula ; those who could not get to Fort
Buchanan took refuge in the many bomb-proofs with
which this fort abounded. The troops in the fort success-
fully charged one mound after another until everything
was in our possession, and the rebels who had taken ref-
uge in the magazines and bomb-proofs surrendered.
Many prisoners were taken, and many deeds of personal
valor were performed by men of the different companies.
It was about 10 o'clock at night when the whole of the fort
was in the possession of our troops. Sergeant-Major
Rand compelled several rebels to surrender to him, and
First Sergeant Curtice, of Company D, captured a rebel
captain of a North Carolina regiment, who very reluc-
tantly surrendered his sword and belt to the sergeant.
The attention of the commanding officer was then turned
toward Fort Buchanan, and the whole of Abbott's brigade
and one colored regiment, the Twenty-se^■enth United
States, were at once ordered outside and south of the fort,
and formed in line of battle facing Fort Buchanan which
was to be the objective point. The men, flushed with
recent victory, hailed with cheers the order of " forward."
The commander of this earthwork finding further conten-
tion useless, quickl}- surrendered, and this fort and its gar-
rison, and all those who had escaped from Fort Fisher,
fell into our hands. This fort mounted two heavy guns.
This completed the surrender to the Union forces of these
immense fortifications, which had been considered impreg-
nable. It was a crushincr blow to the Confederacv, as it
completely closed the Cape Fear River and effectually
closed the port of Wilmington.
Altogether our forces had captured at this second attack
on Fort Fisher, one hundred and twelve commissioned
376 History of the Seventh Regiment
officers, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one en-
listed men, one hundred and sixty-nine pieces of artillery,
nearly all of which were heavy guns, over two thousand
stand of small arms, full supplies of ammunition, and a
large quantity of commissary stores. The guns were
mostly of English manufacture, and of the very best pat-
tern. Some of them were found boxed just as they had
been imported. Those which had been mounted around
the fort were badlv knocked to pieces, showing the accu-
racy and et^ect of the tire from our fleet. Around one gun
of very heavy calibre lay its entire crew, having been
killed by one of our shells, which was the more noticeable
from the fact that this was a very unusual casualty : some
of these immense guns were literally thrown from the par-
apets down inside the fort, and were broken and otherwise
injured by the shot and shells thrown by our fleet. The
quartermaster's and commissary's buildings had been
knocked into very small pieces of kindling wood.
After the battle was over, and during the night, a mag-
azine was blown up inside the fort, by which many soldiers
lost their lives. The Fourth New Hampshire was a
heavy loser by this explosion, being stationed in its imme-
diate vicinitv- It will probably never be known just how
this explosion happened, although it was thought at the
time that some rebel had caused it for the sake of revenge,
but the writer has always surmised that it might have been
some thirsty " Yank," foraging for whiskey, perhaps, who
accidentally did the mischief.
The news of the capture of Fort Fisher could not reach
those vessels already on the way to run the blockade ; as
we had captured the rebel signal-service men who had
been stationed at Fort Fisher, they were brought forward
and compelled to signal every vessel which appeared, just
as was customary when the fort was in possession of the
rebels. The consequence was that for some days the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 377
blockade-runners continued to come in, and the reader can
imagine for himself the complete surprise of the officers
and crews of those vessels when they found into whose
hands the}- had fallen.
As General Terry was entrusted with the immediate
command of the second and successful expedition to cap-
ture Fort Fisher we give his official report, without which
any account ot the taking of this noted stronghold would
be sadly incomplete :
General, — I have the honor to submit the following
detailed report of the operations which resulted in the cap-
ture of Fort Fisher and the recapture of Fort Caswell,
and the other works at the mouth of Cape Fear River.
On the 2d instant, I received from the lieutenant-general,
in person, orders to take command of the troops destined
tor the movement. They were : Thirty-three hundred
picked men from the Second Division of the Twenty-
fourth Army Corps, under Brig. Gen. (now Brevet Maj.
Gen.) Adelbert Ames ; the same number from the Third
Division of the Twenty-lifth Army Corps, under command
of Brig. Gen. Charles J. Paine; fourteen hundred men
from the Second Brigade of the First Division of the
Twenty-tburih x\rmy Corps, under Col. (now Brevet Brig.
Gen.) J. C. Abbott, Seventh N. H. Volunteers; the Six-
teenth N. Y. Independent Battery with four three-inch
guns; and Light Battery E, Third U. S. Artillery with
six light twelve-pounder guns. I was instructed to move
them Irom their positions in the lines on the north side
of the James River to Bermuda Landing, in time to com-
mence their embarkation on transport vessels at sunrise
on the 4th instant. In obedience to these orders the move-
ment commenced at noon of the 3d instant. The troops
arrived at the landincr at sunset, and there bivouacked
r • • •
for the night. The transports did not arrive as soon as
they were expected. The tirst of these made its appear-
ance late in the at"ternoon of the 4th. One of them, the
"Atlantic," was of too heavy draught to come up the
James. Curtis's brigade, of Ames's division, was there-
tore placed on river steamboats and sent down the river
0/
/S History of the Se\'i-:nth Reglmext
to be transferred to her. The embarkation of the re-
mainder of the force commenced at sunset of the 4th,
and was completed at noon of the 5th. Each vessel, as
soon as loaded, was sent to Fortress Monroe, and at 9 p. m.
ot the 5th the whole ileet was collected in Hampton
Roads. The troops were all in hea\'y marching order with
tour days" rations (from the morning of the 4th instant)
in their hax'ersacks and fort\- rounds of ammunition in
their boxes. No horses, wagons, or ambulances were
taken and the caissons of the artillery were left behind,
but in addition to the ammunition in the limber chests,
one hundred and hfty rounds per gun in packing-boxes
were embarked.
I went down the i"i\'er personally with the lieutenant-
general, and on the wa\' recei\"ed from him additional
instructions and the information that orders had been given
tor the embarkation of a siege train to consist of twentv-
lour thirty-pounder Parrotts and twent\' coehorn mortars,
with a detail ot artillerists and company- of engineers, so
that in case siege operations should become necessary, the
men and materials for it might be at hand. These troops,
under command of Brig. Gen. H. L. Abbott, were to tbl-
low me to Beautbrt, X. C. and aw;iit orders. It was not
until this time that I was informed that Fort Fisher was
the point against which I was to operate. During the
evening of the 5th, orders were given for the transports to
proceed to sea at 4 o'clock next morning : and accompany-
ing these orders were sealed letters to be opened when ot^'
Cape Henry, directing them to rendezvous, in case of
separation from the t^ag-ship, at a point twenty-ri\e miles
oti' Beaufort, N. C. The vessels sailed at the appointed
hour. During the 6th instant, a se\'ere storm arose, which
so much impeded our progress that it was not until the
morning of the 8th instant, that my own vessel arrived at the
rendezvous. All the others, excepting the Hag-ship of Gen-
eral Paine, were still behind. Leaving; Briiiadier-General
Paine to assemble tl\e other vessels as thev should arri\'e,
I went to Beaufort Harbor to communicate with Rear
Admiral Porter, commanding the North Atlantic Blockad-
ing Squadron, with whose tieet the forces under my com-
mand were destined to cooperate.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 379
During the 8th instant, nearly all the vessels arrived at
the rendezvous ; some of them required repairs to their
hulls, damaged by the gale : some repairs to their ma-
chinery ; others needed coal or water. These vessels
were brought into the harbor or to the outer anchorage,
where their wants were supplied. All the others remained,
until the final sailing of the expedition, some twenty or
twenty-five miles off the land.
The weather continued so unfavorable as to afford no
prospect that we would be able to make a landing on the
open beach of Federal Point until Wednesday, the nth
instant. On that day Admiral Porter proposed to start,
but at high water there was still so much surf on the bar
that the iron-clads and other vessels of heavy draught
could not be gotten over it. Our departure was therefore
delaved till the next dav. On the mornincr tide of the
1 2th, the vessels in the harbor passed out, and the whole
fleet of naval vessels and transports got under way for
this place. As we were leaving, the vessels of General
Abbott's command came in sight, and orders weie sent to
them to follow us. We did not arrive ofl' Federal Point
till nearly nightfall ; consequently, and in accordance
with the decision of the admiral, the disembarkation of the
troops was not commenced until the next morning. Our
subsequent experience full}- justified the delay. It would
have been extremely difficult to land the men at night.
At 4 o'clock A. M. of the 13th, the in-shore division of
the naval vessels stood in close to the beach and to cover
the landing. The transports followed them, and took
position as nearly as possible in a line parallel to and
about two hundred yards outside of them. The iron-clads
moved down to within range of the fort, and opened fire
upon it. Another division was placed to the northward of
the landing, placed so as to protect our men from any
attack from the direction of Masonboro Inlet. At 8
o'clock nearly two hundred boats, besides steam tugs,
were sent from the nav}- to the transports, and the disem-
barkation of men, provisions, tools, and ammunition sim.-
ultaneously commenced. At 3 o'clock p. m. nearly eight
thousand men, with three davs' rations in their haversacks
and lorty rounds of ammunition in their boxes, six days'
supply of hard-bread in bulk, three hundred thousand
38o
History of the Seventh Regiment
additional rounds of small arm ammunition, and a sufficient
number of intrenchino- tools, had been safely landed. The
surf on the beach was still quite high, notwithstanding the
weather had become very pleasant, and owing to it some
of the men had their rations and ammunition ruined by
w^ater. With this exception, no accident of any kind
occurred. As soon as the tro(3ps had commenced land-
ing, pickets were thrown out. They immediately encoun-
tered outposts of the enemy, and shots were exchanged
with them, but no serious engagement occurred. A tew
prisoners were taken, from whom I learned that Hoke's
rebel division, which it was supposed had been sent further
south, was still here, and that it was his outposts which
we were meeting.
The first object I had in view after landing was to throw
a strong defensive line across the peninsula, from the Cape
Fear River to the sea, facing Wilmington, so as to protect
our rear from an attack while we should be engaged in
operating against Fisher. Our maps indicated that a
good position for such a line would be found a short dis-
tance above the head of Myrtle Sound, which is a long,
sh allows piece of water separated from the ocean by a
sand-pit of about one hundred yards in width, and com-
municates with it by Masonboro Inlet. It was supposed
that the right fiank of a line at that point would be pro-
tected by the sound ; and being above its bend, that we
should be able to land supplies in quiet water there. Our
landing-place was selected with reference to this idea.
An examination, made after we landed, showed that the
sound, for a long distance above its bend, was so shallow
as to ofier no obstacle to the passage of troops at low tide ;
and as the further down the peninsula we should go, the
shorter would be our line across it, it was determined to
take up a position where the maps showed a large pond
occupying nearly one third of the width of the peninsula,
at about three miles from the fort. Shortly before 5
o'clock, leaving Abbott's brigade to cover our stores, the
troops were put in motion for the last named point. On
arriving at it, the "pond" was found to be a sand-flat,
sometimes covered with water, giving no assistance to the
defense of a line established behind it. Nevertheless, it
was determined to get a line across at this place, and
I
New Hampshire Volunteers. 381
Paine's division, followed by two of Ames's brigades,
made their way through. The night was very dark.
Much of the ground was a marsh and illy adapted to the
construction of works, and the distance was found to be
too great to be properly defended by the troops which
could be spared from the direct attack upon the fort. It
was not until 9 o'clock p. m. that Paine succeeded in
reaching the river. The ground still nearer the fort was
then encountered, and found to be much better adapted to
our purposes ; accordingly the troops were withdrawn
from their last position, and established on a line about
two miles from the work. They reached their tinal posi-
tion at 2 o'clock A. M. of the 14th instant. Tools were
immediatel}' brought up, and entrenchments were com-
menced. At 8 o'clock a (jood breastwork, reachingr from
the river to the sea, and partially covered by abattis, had
been constructed, and was in a defensible condition. It
was much improved afterwards, but from this time our
foothold on the peninsula was secured.
Early on the morning of the 14th, the landing of the
artillery was commenced, and by sunset all the light guns
were gotten on shore. During the following night they
were placed in the line, most of them near the river, where
the enemy, in case he should attack us, would be the least
exposed to the fire of the gunboats. Curtis's brigade of
Ames's division was moved down toward Fisher durincr
the morning : at noon his skirmishers, after capturing on
their way a small steamer which had come down the river
wdth shells and forage for the garrison of the fort, reached
a small unfinished outwork, in front of the west end of the
land front of the work. General Curtis, Lieutenant-Col-
onel (now Brevet Brigadier-General) Comstock, the chief
engineer of the expedition, and myself, under the protec-
tion of the fire of the fleet, made a caretul reconnoissance
of the work, getting within six hundred yards of it. The
report of General Comstock, which, with its accompan}--
ing map, is appended hereto, gives a full description of it
and its condition at that time. As a result of the recon-
noissance, and in view of the extreme difficulty which
might be expected in landing supplies and the material
for a siege on the open and tempestuous beach, it was
decided to attempt an assault the next day, provided that
382 History of the Seventh Regiment
in the meantime the fire of the navy should so far destroy
the palisades as to make one practicable. This decision
was communicated to Adniiral Porter, who at once placed
a division of his vessels in a position to accomplish this
last named object. It was arranged, in consultation with
him, that a heavy bombardment from all the vessels
should commence early in the morning and continue up to
the moment of the assault ; and that even then it should
not cease, but should be directed from the point of attack
to other parts of the work. It was decided that the assault
should be made at 3 o'clock p. m. : that the army should
attack on the western half of the land face, and that a
column of sailors and marines should assault at the north-
east bastion. The fire of the navy continued during the
night.
At 8 o'clock A. M. of the 15th, all of the vessels, except
a division left to aid in the defense of our northern line,
moved into position ; and a fire, magnificent alike for its
power and accuracy, was opened. Ames's division had
been selected for the assault. Paine was placed in com-
mand of the defensive line, having with him Abbott's
brigade in addition to his own division. Ames's first bri-
gade, (Curtis's), was already at the outwork before men-
tioned and in trenches close around it, his other two
brigades (Pennypacker's and Bell's) were moved at noon
to within supporting distance of him. x\t 2 o'clock p. m.
preparations for the assault were commenced. Sixty
sharpshooters from the Thirteenth Ind. Volunteers, armed
with the Spencer repeating carbine, and Ibrty others, vol-
unteers from Curtis's brigade, the whole number under
command of Lieutenant-Colonel Lent, of the Thirteenth
Ind. Volunteers, were thrown forward at a run to within
one hundred and seventy-tive yards of the work. They
were provided with shovels and soon dug pits for shelter,
and commenced firing at the parapet. As soon as this
movement commenced, the parapet of the fort was
manned, and the enemy's fire, both of musketry and
artillery, opened. As soon as the sharpshooters were in
position, Curtis's brigade was moved forward by regiment
at the double-quick into line at about four hundred and
seventy-five yards from the work. The men there lay
down. This was accomplished under a sharp fire of
New Hampshire Volunteers. 383
musketr}' and artillery, from which, however, they soon
sheltered themselves by digging shallow trenches. When
Curtis moved from the outwork, Pennypacker was brought
up to it. Bell was brought into line two hundred yards in
his rear. Finding that a good cover tor Curtis's men
could be found on the reverse slope of a crest fifty yards
in the rear of the sharpshooters, they were again moved
forward, one regiment at a time, and again covered them-
selves in trenches. Pennypacker followed Curtis, and
occupied the ground vacated by him, and Bell was brought
up to the outwork. It had been proposed to blow up and
cut down the palisades. Bags of powder, with fuses
attached, had been prepared, and a party of volunteer
axemen organized : but the fire of the navy had been so
effective during the preceding night and morning that it
was thought unnecessary to use the powder. The axe-
men, however, were sent in with the leading brigade, and
did good service by making openings in portions of the
palisading which the fire of the navy had been unable to
reach.
At 3.25 o'clock p. M. all the preparations were com-
pleted, the order to move forward was given to Ames, and
a concerted signal was made to Admiral Porter to change
the direction of his fire. Curtis's brigade at once sprang
from their trenches, and dashed forward in line. Its left
was exposed to a severe enfilading fire, and it obliqued to
the right so as to envelope the left of the land front. The
ground on which it moved was marshy and difficult, but it
soon reached the palisades, passed through them, and
effected a lodgement on the parapet. At the same time
the column of sailors and marines, under Fleet-Capt.
K. R. Breeze, advanced up the beach in the most gallant
manner, and attacked the northeast bastion : but exposed
to a murderous fire, they were unable to get up the
parapet. After a severe struggle and a heavy loss of
valuable officers and men, it became apparent that noth-
ing could be effected at that point, and they were with-
drawn. When Curtis moved forward, Ames directed
Pennypacker to move up to the rear of the sharpshooters,
and brought Bell up to Pennypacker's last position ; and as
soon as Curtis got a foothold on the parapet, sent Penny-
packer in to his support. He advanced, overlapping
384 History of the Seventh Regiment
Curtis's right, and drove the enemy from the heavy pali-
sades, which extended from the west end of the land face
to the river, capturing a considerable number of prisoners.
Then pushing forward to their left, the two brigades
together drove the enemy from about one quarter of the
land face. Ames then brought up Bell's brigade, and
moved it between the work and the river. On this side
there was no regular parapet, but there was abundance of
cover at^brded to the enemy b}- cavities from which sand
had been taken for the parapet, the ruins of barracks and
storehouses, the large magazines, and by traverses, behind
which they stubbornly resisted our advance. Hand-to-
hand fighting of the most desperate character ensued, the
huiie traverses of the land face beintr used successively by
the enem}' as breastworks, over the tops of which the con-
tending parties fired in each other's faces. Nine of these
were carried, one after the other, by our men.
When Bell's brigade was ordered into action, I foresaw
that more troops would probably be needed, and sent an
order for Abbott's brigade to move down from the north
line, at the same time requesting Captain Breeze to replace
them with his sailors and marines. I also directed General
Paine to send me one of the strongest regiments of his own
division. These troops arrived at dusk, and reported to
General Ames. At 6 o'clock Abbott's brigade went into the
fort. The regiment from Paine's division — the Twenty-
seventh United States (colored). Brevet Brig. Gen. A. M.
Blackman commanding — was brought up to the rear of
the work, where it remained under fire for some time, and
was then withdrawn.
Until 6 o'clock the fire of the navy continued upon that
portion of the work not occupied by us, after that time it
was directed on the beach to prevent the coming up of
reinforcements, which it was thought might possibly be
thrown over from the right bank of the river to Battery
Buchanan. The fighting for the traverses continued till
nearly 9 o'clock, two more of them being carried. Then
a portion of Abbott's brigade drove the enemy from their
last remaining stronghold, and the occupation of the work
was completed. The same brigade, with General Black-
man's regiment, was immediately pushed down the point
to Battery Buchanan, whither many of the rebels had
GO\'. NATllANll.i. S. I5EKKV.
GO\'. JOSEPH A. GIEMORE.
GOV. FREDERICK SMYTH.
NATT HEAD, ADJT. GEN.
New Ha:\ipshire Volunteers. 385
retreated. On reaching the battery, all of the enemy who
had not been previously captured were made prisoners.
Amono- them were Major-General Whitino- and Colonel
Lamb, the commandant of the fort. About 4 p. m. Hoke
advanced against our north line, apparently with the
design of attacking it, but if such was his intention, he
abandoned it after a skirmish with our pickets. During
the day Brevet Brig. Gen. H. L. Abbott, chief of artillery,
was busily engaged in landing artillery and ammunition,
so that if the assault failed, siege operations might at once
be commenced. Consequent to the fall of Fort Fisher,
the enemy during the night of the i6th and 17th blew up
Fort Caswell and abandoned both it and their very exten-
sive works on Smith's Island, at Smithville and Reeves
Point, thus placing in our hands all the works erected to
defend the mouth of the Cape Fear River. In all the
works were tbund one hundred and sixty-nine pieces of
artillery, nearly all of which are heavy, over two thousand
stands .of small arms, considerable quantities of commis-
sary stores, and full supplies of ammunition. Our prisoners
numbered one hundred and twelve commissioned officers
and nineteen hundred and seventy-one enlisted men.
I have no words to do justice to the behavior of both
officers and men on this occasion. All that men could do
they did. Better soldiers never fought. Of General
Ames I have already spoken in a letter recommending his
promotion. He commanded all the troops engaged and
was constantly under lire. His great coolness, good judg-
ment and skill were never more conspicuous than in this
assault. Brigadier-General Curtis and Colonels Penny-
packer, Bell, and Abbott, the brigade commanders, led
them with the utmost gallantry. Curtis was wounded
after fighting in the front rank, rifle in hand. Penny-
packer, while carrying the standard of one of his regi-
ments, was the first man in a charge over the traverses.
Bell was mortally wounded near the palisades. Briga-
dier-General Paine deserves high praise for the zeal and
energy displayed by him in constructing our defensive
line, a work absolutely essential to our success. Brevet
Brigadier-General Blackman deserves mention for the
prompt manner in which he brought his regiment up to the
25
386 History of the Seventh Regiment
work and afterwards followed up the retreating enemy.
To Brevet Brigadier-General Comstock. aide-de-camp on
the staff of the lieutenant-general, I am under the deep-
est obligations. At every step of our progress I receiv^ed
from him the most valuable assistance. For the final suc-
cess of our part of the operations, the country is more
indebted to him than to me.
Col. George S. Dodge, chief quartermaster, Army of
the James, accompanied me as chief quartermaster of the
forces under my command. His able and energetic per-
formance of his multifarious duties was all that could be
wished for, and reflect the highest honor upon him. Sur-
geon Norman S. Barnes, U. S. Volunteers, medical
director, and Surgeon A. J. H. Buzzell, Third N. H.
Volunteers, medical inspectors of the expedition, dis-
charged their laborious duties on the field and in the hos-
pital in a manner most creditable to their ability and
humanity. I desire to express my highest appreciation of
the services of these officers. I shall have the honor to
submit a supplementary report in reference to those subor-
dinate officers and enlisted men who distinijuished them-
selves on this occasion.
I should signally fail to do my duty were I to omit to
speak in terms of the highest admiration of the part borne
by the navy in our operations. In all ranks, from Admi-
ral Porter to his seamen, there was the utmost desire not
onh' to do their proper work, but to facilitate, in every
possible manner, the operations of the land forces. To
him, and to the untiring efforts of his officers and men, we
are indebted that our men, stores, tools, and ammunition
were safely and expeditiously landed, and that our
wounded and prisoners were embarked for transportation
for the North. To the great accuracy and power of their
fire it is owing that we had not to confront a formidable
artillery in the assault ; that we were able, with but little
loss to push forward the men, preparatory to it, to a point
nearlv as favorable for it as the one they would have occu-
pied had siege operations been undertaken and the work
systematically approached. The assault of the sailors and
marines, although it failed, undoubtedly contributed some-
what to our success ; certainly nothing could surpass the
perfect skill with which the fleet was handled by its com-
1
New Hampshire Volunteers. 387
mander. Every request which I made to Admiral Porter
was most cheertully compHed with, and the utmost har-
mony has existed between us from the outset to the pres-
ent time.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your
obedient servant,
Alfred H. Terry,
JMajor- General.
Brig. Gen. J. A. Rawlins,
Chief of Staf, City Point, Va.
The following are extracts from the landing orders of
the naval column :
" Land out of gunshot of fort. Boats when unloaded to
be pulled off and hung to the stern of the " Nansemond,"
(anchored), Lieutenant Preston to have charge of the
men with shovels : he to run up as near fort as he can
without risking a single man, then rapidly throw up rifle-
pits, three and a half feet deep, same height in front
(seven feet in all ). The marines then go into them in
three squads. Advance again, dig another trench, while
another line of sappers reaches the first line and digs it
deeper ; and so on, alternating. These trenches to flee to
in case of grape and canister by the enemy. No move
forward to assault until army moves to assault. The sail-
ors to go on parapet with a rush, cutlass and revolver in
hand ; marines to follow closely ; and when reach para-
pet, lie down and pick oft' the enemy. The sailors then
to charge the field pieces and kill the gunners. Sailors
to then secure the mouths of the bomb-proofs, giving no
quarter if the enemy fires after they get into the fort.
Flags to be kept rolled up till parapet is reached. If the
Mound Battery fires into Fisher after the sailors get in,
every three men will seize a prisoner, pitch him over the
walls, then get into the bomb-proofs or behind the works
for protection."
388
History of the Seventh Regiment
This naval column was made up of small details from
the ditierent war vessels of the fleet. A portion of this
force was supplied with shovels and picks, and was in
command of Lieut. S. W. Preston, of the navy. The
marines who were to act as skirmishers were under com-
mand of Second Lieut. L. E. Fagan, of the U. S. Marine
Corps. The column landed about a mile up the beach,
and marched to the fort along the beach in column by the
left flank, keeping this formation until reaching the pali-
sades, which proved a serious obstruction. During all
this time they were subjected to a terribly effective fire
from the fort, and had lost heavily, both in otficers and
men. Lieutenants Preston and Porter were killed early
in the assault, and the fire from the fort was so heavy that
the column was forced to retreat, with a loss of about
sixty-five killed and two hundred wounded. The lack of
success on the part of this column seems to be largely due
to the fact that their assault was made a little too early, as
the land forces had not yet reached the fort, and probably
to the fact, in part, that the column had no previous organ-
ization and drill as an assaulting column, and owing to
this condition confusion could hardly be avoided, although
there seemed to be no lack of valor.
Towards night the naval column was ordered to relieve
Abbott's brigade, on the right of the line towards Wil-
mington, as that brigade had been ordered into Fort
Fisher.
From Confederate reports and from Colonel Lamb's
statement, we learn that he got about three hundred and
fifty men as reinforcements, January 15, from General
Bragg, these men being trom Colonel Graham's brigade,
and that they arrived via Battery Buchanan, where they
were landed from a steamer. He had about fifteen hun-
dred and fifty before these reinforcements arrived. At 6
o'clock p. M. Friday, the 13th, the rebel losses to that time
New Hampshire Volunteers. 389
had been two killed and forty-one wounded. On the 14th,
the casualties were more than double the previous day,
and more than ten per cent of the garrison had been
killed or wounded by 2 o'clock p. m., Sunday, the 15th.
Colonel Lamb wired General Bragg at 1.30 p. m., Satur-
day, the 14th, that he (Bragg) ought never to have
allow^ed the enemy to extend his lines to the river bank ;
and if permitted to remain there, the reduction of the fort
was only a question of time. Before the assault every
gun, save one ten-inch columbiad, was destroyed, the use
of all but one Napoleon rendered impracticable, every
wire leading to the mines ploughed up, and the palisade
such a wreck as actually to offer a protection to the
assailants. On the 13th, Colonel Lamb says he had twent}'
guns bearing on the beach, supplemented by one mortar
and four Napoleons : a palisade in front, pierced for mus-
ketry and constructed in irregular lines, and numerous
sub-terra mines, capable of blowing up the beach from
river to sea for more than a hundred yards in front of the
works. At 1.25 o'clock p. m. of the 15th, Colonel Col-
quit was assigned to the command of Fort Fisher, but did
not report, as Colonel Lamb says, until after the fort had
been taken ; but he was told that even then the fort could
be retaken if Bragg could land a fresh brigade, as the
enemy was more or less demoralized by the resistance they
had met.
Previous to the attacks by the Union forces, Colonel
Lamb's command extended over a line twenty miles in
length, from New Inlet to Masonboro. He took com-
mand of the works July 4, 1862. When he fell he turned
the command over to Captain Munn. The reinforcements
of the 15th were the Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth South
Carolina, who arrived just previous to the assault. In his
report Colonel Lamb says :
" There were three lines of mines in front of the work,
390 History of the Seventh Regiment
and I intended at the moment of assault to explode one of
them, and thus paralyze the assailants, giving me time to
man the parapet with all my reserves. At the final rush
I gave the signal, but there was no response, the tremen-
dous fire of the fleet having ploughed up all the connecting
wires and rendered the mines harmless. As that was
their main defense and it failed, I rather expected the men
would be disheartened, but they fought with redoubled
vigor. As soon as the sailors and marines retreated, I
moved the whole of my available infantry, some eight hun-
dred men, to dislodge the enemy, who had captured the left
salient, two gun chambers adjoining, and were busy en-
trenching inside my work. The heroic General Whiting,
who had rushed to the parapet and encouraged the troops to
repel the naval brigade, now led the van: and receiving
two wounds in endeavoring to reach a Federal standard
bearer, was carried to the rear. A hand-to-hand fight on
the parapet and over a traverse ensued ; while in the
work, from behind everything that would yield the slight-
est protection to my men, a rapid fire was poured into the
advancing three brigades. The enemy halted in the face
of our desperate assault. I then had the two heavy guns
on the mound, and two from another battery on the sea
face, turned on this column ; and these, with the two guns
of Battery Buchanan, seemed to have a demoralizing
effect, as their fire slackened and their flags disappeared
from the tops of the traverses. Believing that General
Bragg would now attack, I telt that a determined charge
on our part would cause a retreat of the enemy, and we
could regain the work. I passed down the lines, and
officers and men with the wildest enthusiasm promised to
follow me. The forward movement stopped with my fall,
and afterward the enemy, having been strongly reinforced,
began an advance, which, though stoutly and even reck-
lessly resisted for five hours (until all of the ammunition
New Hampshire Volunteers. 391
had been expended), resulted in the capture of the whole
work. Afy appeals to the officers and men to continue
the strugo-le after I had fallen, was because General Lee
had sent me word that the fort was necessary to keep open
the gateway to supply his army with food and clothing
from abroad ; and I desired to prolong the resistance so
long as there was a chance for Bragg to come to our
assistance and recall the enemy to its own defensive line."
General Whiting and staff arrived at the fort on Friday
afternoon, the 13th, amidst a terrific bombardment. To
the charcre of Bragg, that the garrison of Fort Fisher had
a pecuniary interest in the blockade-running business,
Colonel Lamb, after denying the charge, says at one time
he was notified that ten bales of cotton were at Liverpool
subject to his order, and he immediately ordered it sold
and the proceeds to be used in buying two one-hundred-
and-thirty-pounder Whitworth rifled guns, and ammuni-
tion for the same for Fort Fisher. He got part of the
ammunition, but the guns only got as far as Nassau.
Alter the repulse of the first expedition under Butler,
Colonel Lamb asked Bragg for hand grenades, and sub-
marine torpedoes to place where the fleet had anchored,
neither of which he ever got. During the sixty hours of
continuous battle his men were unable to provide a single
meal, but subsisted upon uncooked rations and corn-meal
coflee. They had lost their blankets and overcoats at the
attack of the first expedition, by the destruction of their
quarters, and requisitions for their replacement were
unheeded.
One account of the assault on Fort Fisher says : "About
the time that it was evident that the naval attack was not
to succeed, there emerged from the scrubby wood north of
the fort the troops destined to assault the place. These
were veterans from the Army of the James. Rough-
looking, with I'rowsy clothing and disheveled hair and
392 History of the Seventh Regiment
beards, after long and hard experience on the transports,
these soldiers had their arms clean and bright and car-
tridge boxes filled with forty rounds, while they aligned
and dressed in line of battle as coolly and precisely as if
on parade. Probably not a man among them who had
not been 'in' a dozen times betbre. There was but little
fuss about it, and no noise of either bugling or verbal com-
mands. Then suddenly at a ' right shoulder shift' and a
' double-quick,' the line swept across the sandy plain."
Ames's division was selected for the assault. Paine's
division and Abbott's brigade were with the defensive line.
(Abbott's brigade was withdrawn from the defensive line
and put into the fight at the critical moment and completed
the victory. )
In Major Trickey's (Third New Hampshire) account of
the assault, speaking of the assaulting column, he says :
" Night was now closing around them. Curtis, Penny-
packer, and Bell have fallen — the latter died next morn-
ing ; the others are thought to have received their mortal
wounds. The commander of near!}- every regiment is
killed or wounded. The desolation among the heroes in
the ranks is frightful. Fighting ceases for a moment
from mere exhaustion. Reinforcements are now the one
thing needful, and speculation as to the result without that
important element will do no sort of good. Terry is equal
to the emergency. With the sailors and marines he
relieves on the right of Paine's line his old brigade, veter-
ans of twenty bloody battles and four desperate assaults.
[This was Abbott's brigade, and was composed in part of
the Seventh New Hampshire, under command of Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Rollins.] This brigade enters the fort by
the postern gate just as darkness is shutting down. Upon
arriving inside the fort we open fire with our Spencers
(seven-shooters), soon silencing the enemy in our imme-
diate front. Then charging the rebels we drove them
New Hampshire Volunteers. 393
from one traverse to another until nine more are in our
possession. The brigade was now placed in proper posi-
tion and charged the whole line, with a momentum no
power could stop."
According to the report of Admiral Porter the fleet fired
about fifty thousand shots and shells and had as many
more on hand. His source of supply was Beaufort, N. C,
which could be reached by two different ways in ten
hours. He claims that he was verv short of coal, and had
he not been supplied b}- the arm}- transports the expedi-
tion would have been a failure. Nearly every rifled gun
in the fleet burst. Two fifteen-inch guns burst on the
monitors. A few days after the surrender of Fort Mala-
kofl' to the combined armies of the French and English,
which they had been months in capturing, he visited that
stronghold, and saj's it was not to be compared with Fort
Fisher. It is said the "Ironsides" did the most accurate
firing.
To prevent the rebels reinforcing the garrison of Fort
Fisher, eleven of the gunboats were directed to greatly
elevate their guns so as to drop shells into the river beyond
the fort.
The historian of the Third New Hampshire says :
"It was currently reported at the time that 'Private
Miles O'Reilly ' was in New York city when the good
news reached there. He was now a citizen, but full of
military spirit — and possibly of other kinds. [He was
formerly Lieut. Col. Charles G. Halpine, of the Forty-
seventh N. Y. \"olunteers, and was at one time acting
assistant adjutant-general of the Department of the South,
and well known in the old Tenth Corps.] He at once
courted the muses and produced a quantity of poetry [for
which he had always been especially noted] apropos to
the occasion :
394 History of the Seventh Regiment
sherry terry porter.
" Let us drink in golden slierry.
As we oft have drank before,
Let us drink to General Terry,
Long of head and body — very ;
To our own dear Alfred Terry,
Of the old Tenth Army Corps.
Fill to Porter and to Terry —
They are names that we adore ;
From Connecticut to Kerry,
Some in grog and some in sherry —
' To the admiral and Terry!'
Deep libations let us pour.
" ' Private Miles O'Reilly' led a large crowd of adher-
ents into a convivial place : and though the police had
been sent for, they kindly permitted him to repeat his
poem, treat his personal admirers; and then, forming a
procession, they (and he) marched to the police station ! "
At the terrible explosion in the fort early on the morning
following its capture, it is reported that upwards of a
hundred of Bell's brigade were killed, and many were
buried never to be exhumed. There were also about
thirty wounded rebels. Besides these, there were about
ninety wounded by the explosion, not buried b}'' it. The
One Hundred and Sixth-ninth New York was the greatest
sufferer, losing about forty killed and sixty wounded.
It was reported that the price of i\our in Richmond the
day before the capture of Fort Fisher was $i,ooo per
barrel ! This had advanced to $1,250 on the iSth, while
gold was $70 and calico was $25 per yard.
The part that the Seventh New Hampshire took, par-
ticularly in this second attack upon Fort Fisher, is also
told by the adjutant of the regiment. First Lieut. John H.
Horsfall, in his diary written each day. It is an authentic
record, and commences with the regiment settled down
New Hampshire Volunteers. 395
quietly in camp at Laurel Hill, Va., and as was at that
time presumed, in winter quarters. It gives the position
of the regiment on January i, 1S65, as in camp near
Laurel Hill, Va., on the left of the line of the First Divi-
sion of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, joined on our left
by Ames's division of the same corps, and situated about
five miles from Jones's Landing on the James River.
The Seventh was in the First Division (Terry's), while
Ames's division on our left was the Second Division.
Our camp was about seven miles from Richmond, on the
right of the New Market road. We picketed our own
front. We w^ere also the left of the Second Brigade
(Hawley's). On January 2, the diary states that the
troops composing the first expedition to Fort Fisher had
just settled dow'n again in camp, having been unsuccesstul.
At 3 o'clock A. M. on the 3d, marching orders were
received, and the company commanders w-ere notified by
Lieutenant-Colonel Rollins, in his quarters. The diary
says that at 11 o'clock a. m. the line was formed in heavy
marching order, each man taking a piece of shelter tent ;
at 12 M. moved by the right flank, passing brigade head-
quarters, marching tow'ards Jones's Landing, the brigade
under command of Colonel Abbott, and Lieutenant-Col-
onel Rollins in command of the regiment. Crossed the
pontoon bridge at 2 o'clock p. m., and here a heavy snow-
storm set in, which made the march very uncomtbrtable.
Bivouacked in the edge of a piece of woods at 5 o'clock
p. M., near Bermuda Hundred, and about tu^o miles from
the landing. The night was cold and uncomfortable, and
the men got very little sleep. The regiment lay in the
edge of the wood all day on the 4th, waiting for orders.
The troops of the Second Division and the colored troops
were embarking all day at the landing. On the 5th, at 3
o'clock a. m., received orders to "fall in"; did so, and
marched to Bermuda Hundred Landing, where the regi-
396 History of the Seventh Regiment
ment arrived about 7 o'clock a. :m., and at once embarked
on the steamer " General Lyons." Just previous to the
embarkation, Adjutant Horsfall says he visited a place
called " Union Dining Saloon," and found live men of our
regiment in bed, who were taken on board, losing their
arms and equipments, which had been left in the bivouac
in the woods. Sailed at 9 o'clock a. m., and at 7 o'clock
p. M. arrived off Fortress Monroe. On the 6th, sailed
from Fortress Monroe at 4 o'clock a. m., and passed Cape
Henry Light at 8 o'clock a. m., with a steady sea, but
towards evening the sea became heavy, causing much
sea-sickness among the men.
On the 7th, still at sea and very rough, causing the
steamer to roll considerablv- Guards were mounted daily,
the Seventh and Third New Hampshire furnishing them
alternately. The Third were aboard the steamer with
us. It was found that clothing and sutler's stores were
disappearing rapidly, and also commissary stores in the
hold, especiallv sugar, and everyone seemed to be eating
it below. Still at sea on the Sth ; arrived off Beaufort,
N. C about 7 o'clock a. m., and a portion of the naval
fleet were in full view to the southeast, the remainder
being in Beaufort Harbor. At noon received orders to
anchor until further orders. Received a signal from the
steamer " Eliza Hancox," if rough, to move nearer the
bar. The weather was very cold, and the steamer rolled
heavily. Several cases of fever and ague were reported
among the men.
On the 9th, weighed anchor at 7 o'clock a. m., and
steamed around nearly all day, keeping about twenty-flve
miles from and south of Beaufort, N. C, and about tifty
miles from New Inlet, Cape Fear River. Had inspection
by companies on board, and some of the ammunition was
found to be wet and in bad order. Furloughs were
received for J. Lynch, of Company G, and J. A. English,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 397
of Company E, to go to Massachusetts to testify in regard
to enlistment trauds. The sky was clear overhead, and a
slight swell of the ocean was noticeable at noon. Cape
Lookout Light was in plain view at 4 o'clock p. m., as
was also Fort Macon. Still at sea on the loth, with
rising wind from the southeast at noon, with a very heav}^
sea. Still at sea on the nth; at 2.30 o'clock a. m. the
cry was raised of a man overboard, which proved to be a
man named Brown, belonging to the Third New Hamp-
shire. He was lost. At sunrise slight westerly wind,
with sea not so rough. Clear sky and quite pleasant.
At 10 o'clock A. M. anchored olf Beaufort, N. C, and at
2.30 o'clock p. M. the steamer " C. W. Thomas," General
Terry's dispatch boat, came alongside and announced
" Dispatches," which were received by Captain ^Nloore,
of our brigade stall'. The orders were to sail in line, pre-
ceded by the steamer "Prometheus"; also to land the
men in heavy marching order, with three days' rations.
Anchored all night by order. Still at sea on the 12th.
At 7 o'clock A. M. naval fleet in full view, the monitors
taking the lead out of Beautbrt harbor. A smooth sea
and tine overhead. At 9 o'clock a. :m. received orders for
our steamer to get into line, which was done. A man in
Company K, Charles A. Norton, shot himself through
the hand and wrist, and the forearm was amputated by
Assistant Surgeon Kimball, of the Third New Hamp-
shire. The transports and naval i\eei in line w-ere a tine
sight. Anchored about midnight at a distance of about
seven miles from shore.
On the 13th still at sea. Raised anchor and steamed
into line as before. Came in sight of Half Moon Battery,
on the North Carolina shore, about six miles north of Fort
Fisher, about 7 o'clock a. :m. ; at 8 o'clock a. .m. the navy
opened on the battery and woods adjoining. The firing
was very rapid for a short time. At 11 o'clock a. m. the
398 History of the Seventh Regiment
regiment was transferred to the gunboat " Nansemond."
Were landed about noon from surf-boats, and many got
completely wet through. The regiment was at once
formed on the beach and moved to a point near the Half
Moon Battery, and in the evening were moved nearer
Fort Fisher and bivouacked. A heav}- bombardment of
Fort Fisher was kept up by the naval fleet. On the morn-
incT of the 14th the weather was cloudy. The regiment
lay about five miles from Fort Fisher. The bombardment
of the fleet continued. Our forces captured a small stern-
wheel steamboat on Cape Fear River, loaded with ammu-
nition and corn meal, and was a novel looking craft. The
siecre train was being landed to-day. The regiment is sta-
tioned about a half-mile from the picket line facing Wil-
mington. A little firing occurred on the picket line
during the day, but three shots fired fi'om a gun in the
Half Moon Battery silenced the firing on the picket line.
At night the detail for fatigue was tw^o hundi-ed men. At
11.30 p. M. the regiment bivouacked for the night. The
detail for fatigue was for the purpose of assisting in the
construction of a heavy line of breastworks, extending
from the Atlantic Ocean to Cape Fear River.
Sunday, the 15th, the weather was fine and warm.
The morning report showed eight commissioned officers
and two hundred and ninety-seven enlisted men present
for duty. At 8.30 a. m. the regiment was moved towards
Fort Fisher, and at 10 a. m. the regiment was deployed
in single file in the breastworks running across the penin-
sula, and facing north towards Wilmington, relieving the
Third Brigade (Colonel Bell), Second Division (Ames's),
at 12 M. The fire from the fleet on Fort Fisher w^as very
heavy. The skirmish line of Curtis's brigade within one
hundred feet of the fort, and commanding the enemy's
cruns. The sallv-port of the fort cannot be closed on
account of the heavy fire from the navy. The inside of
New Hampshire Volunteers. 399
the fort can be seen by the advance line. At 3 p. m. the
Thh-teenth Indiana with Spencer carbines on the counter-
scarp of the tort, and the guns in that portion of the fort
cannot be fired in consequence. The enemy were dis-
covered landing troops at Battery Buchanan from Cape
Fear River. Some of our gunboats commenced shelling
their advance, thereby preventing the landing of all of
them. About 4 p. m. the fire from the fleet slackened.
The marines and seamen in line and form a part of the
assaulting column. Ha\"e just visited the flying hospital
near by, and found the surgeons and their assistants very
busy with lance and saw.
Noticed a newspaper correspondent (Merriam), glean-
ing information from one of General Ames's staff" officers
who had been wounded in the leg. x\bout 5 p. m. received
orders to "fall in," which we did at once, the Seventh and
the other regiments of Abbott's brio-ade, leaving; their
knapsacks, marched out of the works down the beach
toward Fort Fisher. Were relieved in the breastworks
by the remnant of the body of marines and sailors who
had survived the assault. Arrived at the sally-port of the
fort about 7 p. m., having moved rapidly, where we were
halted to await further orders. Here three men were
wounded on the bridge crossing the ditch, which sur-
rounded the fort. At 10 p. m. received orders to enter
the fort, where dismounted cannon, dead bodies and
wounded men met our gaze ; in fact, it was sickening, but
we could not linger, as we had orders to move rapidly.
The Seventh ascended the stairs over the fifth traverse,
and moved inside the stockade. Charged the northeast
angle and three traverses in good shape, driving the rebels
out and capturing man}- prisoners. Corporal Peterson, of
Company B, here captured a flag. At the base of the last
traverse formed in line and w^ere joined by the Sixth
Conn. Volunteers, when we moved on the Mound Battery,
400 History of the Seventh Regiment
where Captain Edgerly, of the Third New Hampshire,
hauled down and captured the garrison flag and gave it
to Colonel Abbott, he gave it to General Terry, who
accompanied us. The Seventh then advanced on Bat-
tery Buchanan, throwing out Lieutenant Whipple and ten
men as skirmishers. Arriving at the battery it was at
once surrendered by one of General Whiting's statf' officers,
with its guns (four spiked ), and about tifteen hundred
officers and men as prisoners. Here Lieutenant-Colonel
Rollins and Adjutant Horsfall each procured a horse,
formed the prisoners in line and marched them to General
Terry's headquarters, arriving in camp at 5 a. m., of the
i6th. There were tifty-six guns captured in the fort proper,
one of which was an Armstrong, one-hundred and tifty-
pounder, reported to have been a present to Jeff. Davis.
The rebels had comfortable quarters in the bomb-proofs,
and their rations consisted of one third of a pound of bacon
or pork and one pound of flour or corn meal. The pris-
oners expressed themselves, generally, as tired of the war.
The Seventh lost in the action of the 15th : two men killed,
eight wounded, and one missing, supposed killed. An
explosion occurred in the fort early on the morning of the
i6th, caused either through carelessness or electricity by
the enemy, resulting in the loss of over two hundred men,
one hundred and seventy -five of whom belonged to Colo-
nel Bell's brigade. They w'ere, as far as practicable,
taken up and buried. The Seventh is still in the line of
detensive works, facing Wilmington.
On Tuesday, the 17th, the weather was fine and clear.
Visited Fort Fisher, and saw large fatigue parties removing
the sand and debris caused by the explosion. So far they
had got out about one hundred and fifty bodies which were
being buried. One of the traverses was completely filled
with sand. Some of the bodies w-ere quite warm. The
One Hundred and Sixty-ninth N. Y. Volunteers suffered
New Hampshire Volunteers.
401
the heaviest by the explosion. Saw a large number of
naval officers visiting the fort ; on the iSth, the diary says
that Lieutenant-Colonel Rollins visited Fort Fisher and
Battery Buchanan ; he had a conversation with Major-
General Whiting and Colonel Lamb, of the Thirty-sixth
N. C. Volunteers, who were prisoners of war, and who
expressed themselves as very much surprised at our dar-
ing attack, and could not imagine what our hopes were ;
but he told them it was our way of doing things.
After the battle of Fort Fisher the Seventh was busily
engaged for some days guarding prisoners who were
aw^aiting transportation north, atl;er which they were en-
gaged in skirmishing and doing picket duty. Fort Ander-
son on the Cape Fear River, and nearer to Wilmington, was
still in the hands of the Confederacy. Sherman was then
on his way up through South Carolina, and would advance
on the east side of the river, our troops being on the same
side ; it was also necessary that the gunboats, the best
flanTcers that an army ever had, should advance up the
river about the time the troops moved, but the gunboats
could not run up until the torpedoes and other obstruc-
tions had been removed from the river and its several
approaches. Meanwhile many blockade-runners were
being signaled in, and had to be taken care of.
'• OLD GLORY
402 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER x:x:ii.
the engageinient at half ]moon battery. — :marching
toward wilmington. arrival of the twenty-
THIRD ARMY CORPS, OF SHERMAn's ARMY. THE
SEVENTH ENTERS WILMINGTON. PAROLED PRISON-
ERS. BATTLE OF NORTH EAST FERRY. THE LAST
BATTLE. A FLAG OF TRUCE. GENERAL ABBOTT
APPOINTED A COMMISSIONER FOR THE EXCHANGE OF
TEN THOUSAND PRISONERS OF WAR. GRAND RECEP-
TION OF OUR UNION PRISONERS FROM THE REBEL
PENS. ORDERED INTO WILMINGTON. RELIEVING
TROOPS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD AR:MY CORPS.
REVIVAL OF THE OLD TENTH ARMY CORPS. PRO-
MOTIONS.
Adjutant Horsfall's diary further informs us that on
January 19 the Seventh received orders at 10.30 a. m. to
"fall in," in light marching order, and moved out of the
line of works and up the beach on a reconnoissance, and
were halted near Half Moon Battery, where a full supply
of ammunition was procured and distributed to the men.
The rebels on the other side of the lagoon to which the
Seventh had arrived, moved rapidly into their rifle-pits.
Colonel Abbott immediately communicated with a naval
officer whose vessel was on his flank, who at once opened
fire upon the enemy's works. Companies H and K were,
with fifty men of the Seventh Conn. Volunteers, at once
deployed as skirmishers, being armed with Spencer car-
bines, and they immediately commenced crossing the
lagoon ; upon reaching the opposite side, the firing became
New Hampshire Volunteers. 403
quite rapid, and two men of the Seventh Connecticut
were wounded on the skirmish line. Our recriment was
moved nearer the skirmish line, with the left near a piece
of woods. Arrivintv near a small collection of buildings,
about one and one hall" miles from the beach, our advance
engaged the rebels, and drove them into their rifle-pits.
Our men got near their lines, and Lieutenant Whipple
was ordered to take seventy men and flank the enemy's
position : Companies A, B, H, and E w^ere detailed,
advanced rapidly along the edge of the woods, and on the
double-quick flanked the rifle-pits, capturing fifty pris-
oners and driving the remainder into their main works,
killing and wounding several. The remainder of the reg-
iment immediately advanced into a cornfield, and formed
line facing the woods ; here pickets were posted, and the
regiment remained until 6 o'clock p. m., when orders
were received to fall back. The pickets were at once
relieved, and after burning a house near our lines, the
regiment started on the return, reaching camp about 7.30
o'clock p. .Ai., in a heavy rain. At 3 o'clock p. m.
Sergeant Dickey, of Company D, had been sent to com-
municate with the right of General Paine's division, who
were supposed to be on our left ; he found them some two
miles distant and tailing back, which, of course, neces-
sitated the withdrawal of the troops on his right. The
Seventh lost seven men wounded and two missing.
The 20th was very wet and uncomfortable. The cap-
ture of two blockade-runners was reported, which was
accomplished by means of a pilot of a captured vessel,
who knew the code of signals used by the Confederates.
The detail for picket duty on this date was one officer and
ninety men. The 21st was very wet and showery. The
men began feasting on fried mullet, which were caught
in large quantities by fishing parties detailed for the pur-
pose. On the 22d, the regiment was engaged in rebuilding
404 History of the Seventh Regiment
their quarters. There was some firing on the picket line.
Commenced placing abattis in tront of the line of breast-
works facing Wilmington, which have been rebuilt and
put in good shape for defense. On the 23d, the regiment
was engaged on their quarters and on the breastworks.
The detail for picket was two officers and sixty men. On
the 24th, it was fair and cool. Private Thomas Smith,
of Company C, deserted from the picket line, and is sup-
posed to have been killed while doing so, as he was shot
at several times by Sergeant Brown and other pickets
near by. The regiment was still at work on the breast-
works, engaged in covering the works with turf, on the
25th, and the picket detail was two officers and sixty
men. On the 26th, the regiment was at work on the
breastworks and abattis. The detail for picket was twenty
men. From the 27th to the ^ist, there was nothing of
any particular interest, the regiment furnishing the usual
details for picket and fatigue duty, and through the success
of the fishing detail were furnished with plenty of fresh
fish almost dail}'.
The commissions issued during the month of January
were : Sergt. Maj. Edwin D. Rand, to be captain of
Company B, to date from January i, 1865 : Sergt. George
W. Page, of Company B, to be first lieutenant of same
company, to date from January i, 1S65 : Sergt. John A.
Rand, of Company F, to be first lieutenant of same com-
pany, to date from December 29, 1864. Henry S. Bunton
was enlisted and appointed hospital steward, to date from
December 28, 1864.
It seemed as though we had never seen our troops in
such good spirits as we noticed during the past month.
On the other hand, we found the rebel prisoners generally
down-hearted and tired of fighting. Many of them said
they had done their last fighting, and were ready to take
the oath of allegiance to the United States. Among
New Hampshire Volunteers. 405
other troops captured at Fort Fisher was the remnant of
the Twenty-first S. C. \"olunteers (Confederate), which
had fought us at Morris Ishmd, Chester Station, Drury's
Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, and Deep Bottom. Whenever
we had captured prisoners from this regiment, they had
always been strong rebels, and seemed to sincerely and
heartily espouse the cause of the Confederacy, and were
read}' to fight the Union armies to the last ; but when we
captured the remainder of this regiment at Fort Fisher,
we found there had been a great change with them in this
respect, and most of those with whom we conversed were
ready to take the oath of allegiance and come back into
the Union.
Again in the adjutant's diary we find that February i
the weather was fine and warm, the usual details for duty
were made, and that owing to the success of the party
detailed for catching fish, the regiment had fried mullet
and garfish for supper. Corp. Matthew Brady, of Com-
pany A, and Private Charles Moore, of Company E,
deserted near Fort Fisher, and were supposed to have got
off on some of the vessels in the river.
On the 2d, commissions for Captains Coburn, Whipple,
Lawrence, McCabe and Lieutenants Dennison and Brown
arrived. The regiment still at Federal Point. The
weather was colder ; owing to a northeast wind, the water
was quite rough, and the fishing detail caught only catfish
and garfish, these fish driving away the mullet. Twelve
men were detailed to cut abattis for the earthworks. No
detail for picket ; on the 3d, an application was made to
have all members of the regiment who were on detached
service relieved and returned to duty. One officer and
sixty men detailed for picket. There was some shelling
between one of the monitors and a rebel battery on the
south side of the river. Privates Patrick Curtis, of Com-
pany A, and Henry McCabe, of Company D, deserted
4o6 History of the Sp:venth Regiment
from the picket line. February 4, the weather was q[uite
warm. An order was issued for all pickets and guards
who had been relieved from a tour of duty, to discharge
their pieces at 9 o'clock a. m. A detail to cut abattis and
for fishing purposes was made as usual. Nothing of
material interest occurred from this date until the 7th,
when a large number of transports appeared off the shore,
loaded with United States troops, which proved to be the
Twenty-third Army Corps, under command of Major-
General Schotield, whose flag-ship was the steamer " At-
lantic." On the 8th, Company C and Privates Henry
Jones, of Company I, and John M. Wilson, of Company
E, were ordered to report to Captain Lamb, assistant
quartermaster, for detached service to guard a w^agon
train. Two officers and sixty men were detailed for
picket duty. One and one half hours' drill in the morn-
ing and the same for atternoons was ordered daily. Pri-
vates Peter Sinclair, of Company H, and John Gannett,
of Company B, deserted from the picket line. On the
9th, Captains Lawrence, Whipple, and Coburn were
mustered, according to their respective commissions, by
Capt. F. A. Kendall, of the Fourth N. H. Volunteers,
who was acting; chief musterino- officer on the staff' of
General Ames. On the loth, Lieutenant Dennison was
mustered on his commission. The regiment still at Fed-
eral Point. At II o'clock p. :si. received orders to move
in heavy marching order, with three days' rations.
At 8 o'clock on the morning of the nth, the regiment
fell into line with the other troops and marched up the
beach, the Third New Hampshire and Seventh Conn.
Volunteers, being deployed as skirmishers. They drove
the rebel pickets in and took fifty-four of them prisoners.
At this place our troops lay before the rebel works all day
establishing a line of pickets where the rebel picket line
had been. At night the troops fell back to Flag Pond
New Hampshire Volunteers. 407
and established a new line of works. It had been found
impracticable during the day to make an assault upon the
rebel works, as there was a creek running through a
swamp which extended all along their front — to cross
which would necessitate wading up to our waists in water,
besides there were bushes and briers to impede our prog-
ress, all this would have to be done under a heavy tire
from the enemy. This line of works extended from Cape
Fear River to an inlet from the ocean, and separated from
it by a narrow strip of land. The Cape Fear River being
in our possession w^e had the advantage of a tiank fire
from our gunboats on the rebel lines. jNIajor-General
Schofield with the larger part of the Twenty-third Army
Corps w'ere on the west side of the river, while the forces
that came with Brigadier-General Terrv were on the east
side of the river, and all were under command of General
Schofield. The forces on the west side were very suc-
cessful.
x\gain turning to the adjutant's diary we find that on
February 11, at 8 a. m., the regiment broke camp and
formed line and filed out of the breastworks and moved
across Flag Pond, with the Seventh Connecticut as skir-
mishers in advance. The Third New Hampshire captured
about sixty of the enemy in their rifle-pits. The regiment
was then moved up to a piece of woods, and Companies
F, I, G, E and K, were ordered out as skirmishers. Cap-
tain Lawrence advanced with Companies G and I, and,
with Captain Whipple with Company K, found the enemy
and drove them into their main works. Captain Coburn
commanded the reserve for the skirmish line. Skirmished
all day, when we had orders to fall back to Flag Pond, at
6 p. M., leaving the Third New Hampshire, Seventh Con-
necticut and Sixteenth New York in the rifle-pits. The
casualties were : Privates Louis Herpin, Company G,
wounded in the wrist; x\bel A. Hibbard, Company G,
4o8 History of the Seventh Regiment
wounded in the head ; William Hugo, Company I, wounded
in the side: Corporal James F. Spiller, Company I,
wounded in the ankle. The regiment bivouacked that
night upon the beach.
On the 1 2th, the regiment was ordered on picket, reliev-
ing the Third New Hampshire, Seventh Connecticut, and
Sixteenth New York. There was no firing on the picket
line, from which we got a good view, and could see them
making embrasures in their works. About 9 o'clock p. m.
the Third Division of the Twent3*-third Army Corps were
seen moving down the beach, which caused considerable
alarm until it was learned who they were. The weather
was very cold. On the night of the 12th, an expedition
was sent up the beach for the purpose of getting in the
rear of the enemy, but were prevented from accomplishing
their purpose owing to the depth of water in the inlet.
Later, a portion of a pontoon bridge was sent up for their
use, but getting stalled on the beach before reaching its
destination, it was ordered to be returned, and the troops
of the expedition returned before daylight on the morning
of the 15th.
While encamped at this place, an incident occurred that
was quite interesting at the time. Colonel Rollins wanted
to get hold of a rebel newspaper, and as the pickets
seemed on good terms he shook a paper over the breast-
works to call their attention : they held up a newspaper in
answer to the colonel, who asked his orderly to go out and
make the exchange. The orderly was a "sub," but was
a good man, had been severely wounded through the
shoulder, and had once been a lieutenant in the Prussian
army. He took the paper, jumped over the breastworks,
and started to meet a "Johnny," as he supposed, from the
other side, when the crack of a rifle was heard and a
bullet plowed through the orderly's hair on top of the
head, causing him to return at once to the colonel, who
New Hampshire Volunteers. 409
coolly remarked, "I guess the 'Johnnies' don't like
Dutchmen"; while the orderly was indignant and thought
the remark " poor pay " for the danger he had just
experienced.
On the 13th, the regiment was relieved from the picket
line by the Sixth Connecticut, and went into camp at
Flag Pond, between the pond and the beach, which was a
very uncomfortable place. On the 14th, the morning
report showed eight officers and two hundred and tifty-two
men for duty. Detail for picket was three officers and
one hundred and fifty micn. Quite a body of troops were
moving up the beach, with a pontoon train, and it looked
as though thev were to attempt to cross a lagoon beyond
our right. On the 15th, Surg. Sylvanus Bunton was
detailed at the Base Hospital by Special Order No. 32,
February 14, 1S65, Headquarters U. S. Forces, Federal
Point, N. C. On the i6th, the Twenty-third Army Corps
moved across the river, and the pontoon train moved from
our left. Detail for picket, three officers and one hundred
and fifty men. On the 17th, the regiment received orders
to be prepared to move at a moment's notice, and on the
i8th, had a detail for picket of five officers and two
hundred men.
At da3'light on the morning of the 19th, our pickets
found that the Confederates had evacuated their works
during the night. About 2 o'clock a. m. our pickets were
advanced beyond our lines, and took five prisoners. The
regiment broke camp at 10 o'clock a. im., and moved
to the picket line; about 2 o'clock p. m. advanced in
force, the Second Brigade marching over the Masonboro
Sound road, and occupied the right of the Union lines,
while the colored troops who marched over the Telegraph
road occupied the left. During this march Company D
was on the advance guard as far as the bridge, about ten
miles from Wilmington, but found no enemy. Along the
4IO History of the Seventh Regiment
line of our march we passed many houses, the occupants
being mostly women and children, who Ictrgely professed
to be on the Union side. One hundred and tifty men
were detailed for picket duty, but were relieved about 8
o'clock p. M., when the regiment fell back a short distance
and entrenched, completing the earthworks at midnight.
On the morning of the 20th, the recriment had breakfast
at 4.30 o'clock, and formed line at 7 o'clock a. m. ; at 9
o'clock A. M. moved across the bridge, marched about
four miles on the Masonboro Sound road, then crossed over
the Telegraph road on the left, over which we marched in
rear of the Second Division. General Ames's and Paine's
divisions were in advance. The regiment formed line of
battle about four miles from Wilmington, bivouacked for
the night, and were held in reserve. Earthworks were
thrown up by Ames"s and Paine's divisions. There was
some skirmishing and some artillery firing by the rebels.
February 21, an issue of fresh beef was made to the
regiment, and we moved into the line of works constructed
the previous night. Ames's division moved to the lett,
and advancing, found the enemy, who at once retired.
In the direction of Wilmington dense clouds of smoke
could be seen rising all the atlternoon, and a few shells
were tired by the rebel artillery, who seemed to think they
annoyed us in that way.
On the 22d, Washington's Birthday, the regiment fell
in at 7 o'clock a. m., and advanced with other troops
toward Wilmington, our brigade at the head of the col-
umn, the Third New Hampshire in advance and on the
skirmish line, and the Seventh next in line. We entered
Wilmington about 10 o'clock a. m. without opposition,
passing through the heavy fortifications, which seemed to
us to be the strongest field works we had seen during the
service. They were constructed with a broad, deep moat
in front, which was filled with water, and the works were
New Hampshire Volunteers. 411
very heavy. The white inhabitants seemed apparently
enthusiastic, and the colored people, who were the first to
greet us, were jubilant. We entered the city with colors
flying and music from our drum corps, and General Terry
and stafl' rode at the head of the column. The streets
through which we marched were lined with people — both
white and black, of all ages and conditions — and at two
diflerent houses on our line of march the women hung out
the stars and stripes, which were heartily cheered by our
men as the}' passed by. The owners said they had kept
them hidden away since the commencement of the w-ar.
One woman was noticed with a large tray tilled with
cooked sweet potatoes and fried ham, wdiich she dealt out
to the men as the}' marched by.
We found the government property, such as machine-
shops, most of the saw-mills, and military stores in ashes,
the ruins of some of them still smoulderincj'.
We were halted on the north side of the city for a short
rest when skirmishers were thrown out and advanced to
Smith's Creek, and soon discovered the bridge at this
point to be on fire ; our skirmishers at once became engaged
w'ith the rebel rear fjuard who had been left to insure the
destruction of the bridge. A couple of pieces of artillery
were sent forward and soon sent the rebels away. The fire
on the bridge was soon extinguished by the skirmishers of
the Third New Hampshire, and the troops soon crossed
over in pursuit of the retreating enemy. After crossing the
bridge and advancing a short distance we were halted for
about two hours, and the Third New Hampshire was re-
lieved on the skirmish line by detachments from the Sixth
Conn. Volunteers, and from the Seventh New Hampshire.
When within about a mile of the river at North East
Ferry, skirmishing had commenced and lasted until about
S o'clock in the evening. In the rear guard of the Confed-
erates were about fifty cavalry. Our skirmishers reached
412 History of the Seventh Regiment
the river about 7 o'clock p. m., but the raih-oad bridge at
this place had been burned, and the enemy's pontoon
bridge was not to be seen, the rebels having cut it loose
on our side and the current of the river had swung it
around to the opposite side where it was discovered next
morning. For an hour the tiring was kept up by the
skirmish line at the river.
That portion of the regiment not on the skirmish line
was halted in line of battle a short distance before reach-
ing the river, on the right of the road and in a cornfield.
After stacking arms the men built up fires and began cook-
ing their coffee preparatory to eating their supper which
consisted of hard-tack and coffee. Many of the men had
not 3-et finished their frugal meal, when, about 9 o'clock
p. M., the rebels opened on us with a heavy volley of mus-
ketry from the opposite side of the river. Undoubtedly the
men were a tempting mark as they stood around the bright
fires in the darkness. The men were not long in putting
out the fires and getting into line. Fortunately the fire of
the rebels was high, and but one man was slightly
wounded. Colonel Rollins at once took a detachment of
one hundred men down to the river bank but found no
enemy and soon returned to the bivouack in the cornfield.
On the 23d, the regiment lay on the bank of the North
East River all day. Received orders at night to go into
camp where breastworks were thrown up, and had the
usual picket detail. At night it commenced raining.
Resuming the narrative of our history, we find that
when everything was in readiness an advance was ordered,
and kept up until Wilmington fell into our hands, Feb-
ruary 22, 1865, the Seventh New Hampshire being the
second regiment that entered the city. The sights we
saw that day are seen but once in a lifetime, and then
only by a fevv. One little Union flag particularly, gen-
uine stars and stripes, was seen timidly fluttering from the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 413
second-story window of a house, and w-as lustily cheered
by the troops. We really wanted to know the history of
that flag — exactly how it came there, just when it last
saw the sunlight, and who it was that had so sacredly
kept it for so many years, fondly hoping for just such an
event, that it might once again wave " o'er the land of the
free.'* But the orders to '' keep the ranks "were strictly
enforced, consequent!}' our curiosity was never satisfied.
Again, the unbounded joy of the colored people could
only be appreciated by being seen. It was expressed
according to their different temperaments ; some by sitting
on the ground, rocking to and fro, lustily shouting,
" Bress de Lord! Bress de Lord I We knowed you 's
comin' ! We knowed Massa Linkum's sojers would
come ! " Others were shouting and singing, dancing and
hugging each other, and showing the gladness of their
hearts in various ways ; while many, and by far the most
intelligent of the race, exhibited their happiness in a more
business-like manner, by confiscating all the tobacco they
could get their hands on and at once giving it to the
"Yankee soldiers." Some were noticed, who stood like
posts and seemed utterly dumb wath amazement. And all
this demonstration brought forcibly to mind that during
the entire period of the war no colored man ever pla3'ed a
Union soldier false, for they were instinctively our friends.
On this march the rebels who were retreating had a
strong rear guard of cavalry, which gave us considerable
trouble by dashing suddenly down on our skirmish line,
often causing our reserves to be brought up on the double-
quick. Several companies of the Seventh were upon this
skirmish line all day, as they pushed on and through
Wilmington, Company D occupying a position on the
extreme right; many times they were compelled to go
on more than a double-quick, as the line of skirmishers
went swinging around to the left at different times on the
414 History of the Seventh Regiment
course of its march, as it followed the retreating rebels out
beyond Wilmington. When the regiment started out in
the morning on this skirmish and march, many of the men
were without shoes, and this we noticed in particular in
Company D ; but before night most of these men had
supplied themselves from the rebel cavalrymen who had
been killed during the day on the skirniish line.
Skirmishing along in this manner, North East Ferry,
on North East River, ten miles above Wilmington, was
reached about dark, and just as our line was nearing the
banks of the river, they received the first infantry fire they
had encountered that day. Our line at once dropped upon
the ground and did some rapid firing, which seemed a fit-
ting ending of the day's work, for they had been constantly
marching and fighting since sunrise in the morning. The
attack by the rebels was a determined one, and the volle3's
of musketry were quite heavy, but fortunately did very
little harm, as the rebel bullets went singing on over our
heads on their way to the rear, for which we were pro-
foundly thankful. It soon became apparent that some-
thino; more than a skirmish line was in front of us to
dispute the passage of the river; the brigade supporting
us at once formed in line of battle, charged over us to the
front, and soon had the rebels flying across their pontoon
bridge, barely allowing them time enough to cut loose the
end of the bridge, which was swung around by the
current to their side of the river.
This was really the last fighting the Seventh ever did,
and their carbines belched forth their deadly contents
towards the enemy for the last time as the men lay on the
crround near the banks of the river that niorht, just as the
darkness was gathering around, and they were doing
their level best to drive the enemy " over the river." We
did not realize this fact at that time, for it seemed so
foreign to the events to which we had become so well
accustomed.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 415
After stopping at North East Ferry a short time, doing
picket duty and building earthworks, the regiment, with
the rest of General Abbott's brigade, was ordered back to
Wilmington to form a part. of the provost guard in that
city. The men were allowed to pull down some old
unoccupied buildings, and use the lumber tor camp pur-
poses, consequently we soon had very comfortable quar-
ters, which seemed a great luxur\- : tor during the past
3'ear we had lived a large portion of the time under a
shelter tent, and much of the time without even that,
being manv times compelled to lie down, after a weary
march, on a muddy roadside or on the edge of some old
plowed field, where the ground was nearly as soft and
muddy as the roadwav ; and as we are often reminded
by cringing pains and stit^ened joints of the exposures
and hardships of those campaigns, it does not seem so
very strange that the survivors look old and grav, and
doubled up in a crooked wa}- — a twinge of rheumatism
in each limb, every inch of mucous membrane catarrhal,
with dyspeptic stomachs, and chronic diseases which must
hurry them to the grave.
While the regiment was stationed at North East Ferrv,
negotiations were carried on by a flag of truce, for the
bringing in of a large lot of Union prisoners, as it was said
that arrangements had been made for the exchange of ten
thousand prisoners ; our troops made quite extensive prep-
arations to receive them, building arches which were
appropriately trimmed with flags at the landing connected
w^ith the pontoon bridge, which had now been properly
replaced, and by the advance of the Twenty-third Army
Corps on our left, the enemy had continued their retreat,
leaving us in full possession.
It appears that the rebels had concentrated at Wilming-
ton a large number of our men, transferring them from
prison pens larther south, on account of the advance of
.i6
IIis'j'OKY OF 'j^iiE Seventh Regiment
Sherman, and just bt-toi'e tlie evacuation ot' Wilmington
thev sent a llag of truce to General Terry otTerino- to
exchange a few hundred. Supjiosing it a ruse to gain
time, and not knowing there were any prisoners there,
Terrv declined to negotiate ; therefore, upon the advance
of our forces, all who could walk were started further
n(jrlh bv the rebels, the others, numbering about three
hundred, were paroled and were in hospitals or cared for
bv citizens. General SchoHeld made arrangements to
exchange ten thousand, and appealed to the Sanitary
Commission and others North to prepare for them.
We now witnessed one of the most pitiful sights which
it was our lot to look upon during the whole war, as those
prisoners, mere shadows and skeletons, came hobbling
along we lervently thanked God that we had escaped
their hardships and privations. Xot one of them, was
completeh' clothed. x\ few had on the top of what was
once a pair of shoes : others had their feet wound with
rags, while man\' were ba.refooted. A few had on a
small part of a pair of pants, and a blouse, many were
withou.t hats or caps, but they all seemed happy to get
once more into "God's country," as they expressed it.
That thev felt a sense of relief and safety as they passed
under the old Hag, for which the\' had endured so much,
was apparent to all spectators. So enfeebled and reduced
was their condition, that, tor several weeks following their
arrival inside our lines, the death-rate was fearful.
Our chaplain, tiie Re\'. Joseph C Emerson, wh.o came
from Fisher\-ille, now Penacook, N. H., and who had
been continually with us until his capture at New Market
Heights, \'a., on the 29th of September, 1864, was ex-
changed and returned to the regiment January 14, 1S65,
while we were near Foil Fisher, and on the 20th of the
same month, he was mustered out of the service, llis
treatment during captivit\" had so atlected his health that
New Hampshire Volunteers. 417
he found it an utter impossibility to further follow the for-
tunes of the regiment. He was a good man, and at the
commencement of the war was a Methodist clerg3'man.
The men all loved him as a good, honest man ; faithfully
he performed the duties of chaplain and postmaster in the
regiment, at times having in his charge large sums of
money, which our soldiers were sending to their families
and relatives at home. After the close of the rebellion he
settled in Florida, where he was the presiding elder of the
East Florida district. A few years later he was drowned
by the capsizing of his skitf', while crossing the St. John's
River.
February 24, the adjutant was sent, by General Abbott,
outside the lines under a flag of truce, with dispatches for
Major-General Hoke, of the rebel army. He met the
rebel vidette on the railroad, about two and one half miles
out; saw Lieutenant Butler of the Second S. C. Cavalry,
who was very courteous and desired to talk very much.
Returned to camp all right. General Abbott was appointed
commissioner for the purpose of exchanging ten thousand
prisoners. Colonel Hatch was the rebel commissioner
who came in to see General Abbott regarding the
exxhange of prisoners. On the 25th, it was rainy and dis-
agreeable. One hundred men were detailed for fatigue
duty to construct earthworks. On the 26th, it was also
rainy. Major Durgin, Captain Dennison, and fifty men
were detailed as a guard in Wilmington. On the 27th, the
detail for picket was three ofiicers and one hundred and
twenty-five men ; on the 28th, the regim.ent was mustered
by Colonel Rollins.
On March i, many of the officers and men went out to
the railroad bridge to meet a body of one thousand paroled
Union officers. On the 2d, the whole brigade was ordered
to Wilmington, and at once broke camp and proceeded on
our march over wet and muddy roads, arriving at our
27
4i8 History of the Seventh Regiment
destination abont noon, and went into camp at the north
end of the city. We found the Twenty-third Army Corps
encamped about the cit}- and being paid. The Fifth Ten-
nessee was encamped near our left. The men found a
place where they could buy soft bread — the tirst they had
seen since leaving Virginia.
A portion of our brigade was at once detailed for pro-
vost duty, and the several duties which had devolved upon
the Twenty-third Corps were assumed by Terry's troops.
On the afternoon of the 4th, all of the men of the Seventh
who were in camp and not on dut}', numbering about one
hundred, were detailed with Captain Paul Whipple, of
Company K, to go on a tour of picket duty across Cape
Fear River, two miles west of our camp. They relieved
a detachment of the Twenty-third Army Corps who had
fixed up quarters in splendid style, expecting to remain
for a long time. One of the comrades who was on the
detail describes the quarters as follows :
"We found good shanties built of boards, with floors
laid, and bunks for four in each, and all we had to do was
to put our shelter tents on for a roof to make the thing
complete. I had better quarters than I had before seen
during my service. My shanty was furnished with a
small mahogany centre-table, three cane-seated chairs,
one office chair, numerous kettles to cook with, and straw
to sleep upon. The living was equally good, of which
the following bill of fare is a sample :
"Yesterday for breakfast and dinner we had sausages
and sweet potatoes, cider apple-sauce, hard-tack, butter,
and coffee. To-day we had baked beans for breakfast ;
for dinner, beef's liver and heart with sweet potatoes.
We expect to have lamb and chicken to-morrow."
At the end of a week the detail again returned to camp.
On the 5th, the Twenty-third Corps moved from the city
to the outskirts. Our men now had considerable leisure
New Hampshire Volunteers.
419
time, and devoted a large share of it to getting passes,
which were given to the men quite freely, and strolling
about the city, frequently attending the theatre in the even-
ing and making acquaintances among the inhabitants.
But go wherever we might, a military guard or patrol was
ever present to preserve order and discipline, but this did
not deter the men from having a good time and enjoying
themselves hugely. On the 14th, a mass meeting was
held by the Union people of the city to discuss the situa-
tion ; on the same date a large number of refugees came
in Irom Fayetteville. On the 15th, a large quantity of
commissary stores passed through the citv en route for
Sherman's army. On the 17th, three hundred wounded
men from Sherman's army arrived in the city.
On the 19th, the regiment had dress parade, and had
orders to continue them. In the forenoon many of the
men availed themselves of the opportunity to attend
church, and obtained passes to do so. It had been a long
time since we had enjoyed the privilege of attending
divine services in a church or " meeting-house," and it
seemed like "home once more" to have the chance to
attend church, and see women and children, and hear the
singing of sacred music b}' the choir ; and it seemed so
homelike to go into houses inhabited by families, and to
see citizens walkincr in the streets.
Another large lot of Union refugees came in from Sher-
man's army on the 22d and 23d, and Goldsboro was
reported captured. On the 24th, firing was heard up the
river, and on the morning of the 25th, the city became
wildly excited over a large fire which was discovered at
the corner of Market and Front streets. On this date two
steamers laden with exxhanged prisoners left Wilmington
for the North, and on the 26th, another steamer departed
with our own sick and wounded soldiers for Northern
hospitals.
420 History of the Seventh Regiment
A part of the Thirteenth Corps of Sherman's army
arrived from Hihon Head, S. C, on the 27th, and at once
left for the interior. On the evening of the 28th, Doctor
Buzzell, the surgeon of the Third New Hampshire, died
of disease. The loss was deeply felt, as he was well
known throuorhout the whole brigade.
A War Department order, No. 49, dated the 27th,
placed all troops in North Carolina not belonging to
corps in General Sherman's army, under command of
Maj. Gen. A. H. Terry, to constitute the Tenth Army
Corps. This corps had lost its identity when merged
with other troops to make up the Twenty-fourth Army
Corps. This order revived the old Tenth Army Corps,
which had long been the pride of Gillmore, Birney, and
Terry.
During the month of March the following commissions
were issued in the Seventh New Hampshire :
Col. Joseph C. x\bbott, to be brigadier-general U. S.
Volunteers, by brevet, for gallant services at the capture
of Fort Fisher, N. C, to date from January 15, 1865 ;
Lieut. Col. Augustus W. Rollins, to be colonel U. S.
Volunteers, by brevet, for gallant and meritorious conduct
at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C, to date from March
13, 1865 ; First Lieut, and Adjt. John Green, to be cap-
tain U. S. Volunteers, by brevet, for gallant and meritori-
ous conduct at the storming of Fort Fisher, N. C, to date
from March 13, 1865 ; Sergt. Eri Poor, Jr., of Company
A, to be first lieutenant in same company, to date from
March I, 1865 ; but for some reason Sergeant Poor
declined to be mustered, and was afterwards promoted to
first sergeant of his company, which position he held until
the muster-out of the regiment. Sergt. James S. French,
of Company H, was promoted to tirst lieutenant of same
company, to date from March 7, 1865. Second Lieut.
George Roberts, of Company F, who had been severely
New Hampshire Volunteers.
421
wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Olustee, Fla.,
was exchancred March i, and came back to the regiment
at North East Ferrv while we were in North Carolina,
having been about a year in rebel prisons. He had in the
mean time been promoted to the captaincy of his company,
F, but having suffered severely during his captivity, the
state of his health forbade further active service, and con-
sequently he was mustered out of service March 12. His
commission as captain was dated December 22, 1864.
On the 27th, First Lieut. Heber J. Davis, of Company B,
who will be well remembered as a former sergeant in
Company K, and who had been severely wounded on two
different occasions, was honorablv discharged on account
of wounds.
THE STARS AND BARS, FLAG
OF THE SOUTHERN CON-
FEDERACY.
422 History of the Seventh Regiment
CHAPTER ZKXIII.
A PORTION OF Sherman's army arrives from hilton
head, S. C. THE FALL OF RICHMOND. THE STARS
AND STRIPES AGAIN FLOAT OVER FORT SUMTER.
NEWS OF lee's SURRENDER. THE ASSASSINATION
OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. GENERAL SHERMAN VISITS
WILMINGTON. THE SEVENTH IN THE "ARMY OF
THE OHIO.*' — RECRUITING ORDERED STOPPED. DE-
PARTMENTS TO REDUCE EXPENSES. RECRUITS WHO
ENLISTED IN 1862 ORDERED TO BE MUSTERED OUT.
ARRIVAL OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
AT WILMINGTON. THE SEVENTH ORDERED TO
GOLDSBORO. THE RECRUITS OF 1862 FINALLY
MUSTERED OUT. BATTALION DRILLS. MUSTER-
OUT ROLLS ORDERED TO BE MADE OUT. THE
SEVENTH MUSTERED OUT OF SERVICE JULY 20, 1865.
THE LAST DRESS PARADE IN "DIXIE." THE
REGIMENT ORDERED HOME. BREAKING CAMP AND
EN ROUTE TO RALEIGH, N. C. ARRIVAL AT REAM's
STATION, VA. — THE MARCH TO PETERSBURG.
ARRIVAL AT CITY POINT, WHERE THE REGIMENT
EMBARKS FOR NEW YORK. ARRIVAL AT NEW LON-
DON, CONN., EN ROUTE FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE.
ARRIVAL AT CONCORD, N. H. THE RECEPTION.
FINAL PAY AND DISCHARGE. DISSOLUTION OF THE
ORGANIZATION. THE SEVENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE NO
MORE.
On the 2d of April, 1865, there was another arrival
of a portion of Sherman's army from Hilton Head, and,
like the previous portion, it at once pushed out into the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 423
country. On the 4th, we were paid for four months,
although the government was owing us for six. On the
6th, we received the news of the fall of Richmond, and
everyone was jubilant. On the 7th, orders were issued to
be ready to move with three days' rations, but this order
was countermanded on the 8th. On the 9th, Capt. Paul
Whipple and Lieut. George F. Robie were sent with a
detail of seventy-three men to guard the railroad above a
place called North East Ferry. During this day a salute
of two hundred guns was fired from Fort Fisher to cele-
brate the fall of Richmond. On the 14th, General Scho-
field directed that a salute of one hundred guns be hred —
rebel guns and rebel ammunition — in honor of the resto-
ration of the stars and stripes over Fort Sumter, and on
this day we learned of Lee's surrender. On the i8th, we
learned of the assassination of our beloved president, Abra-
ham Lincoln, at Ford's Theatre, in Washington, D. C,
which cast a gloom over all the troops ; and it was not safe
for anyone to express their approbation of the deed to a
Northern soldier. On the 21st, the citizens of Wilming-
ton held a public meeting to express their sympathy and
sorrow over the death of the president. On the 22d, the
troops were again elated by receiving news of the fall of
Mobile. On the 28th, General Sherman passed through
Wilmington on his way to Charleston, and there was a
great rush to see the hero of the " March to the Sea."
On the 30th, the regiment was mustered for pay and for
one instalment of bounty for the re-enlisted men. An
order issued by the War Department, No. 58, during the
month of April, required that all company funds exceed-
ing the sum of $100, should be turned over to the Subsist-
ence Department, but whether this was to be forfeited to
the United States or was merely placed for safe keeping
we could not learn. An order was also issued directing
all bureaus of the War Department to reduce expenses.
424 History of the Seventh Regiment
The regiment was engaged on duty in the city and on
picket duty at ditierent stations along the lines of railroad,
and the details were sometimes quite heavy, but the duties
were not severe. The pickets established along the line
of the railroads were merely as a safeguard to the
trains running between Wilmington, Goldsboro, and other
points. Mav 2, the regiment exchanged their Spencer
carbines for Springfield rifled muskets.
May 4, almost everything in the property line, of little
or no real value, was condemned by an officer especially
charged with that duty. About the 7th of May, Maj.
H. L. Grant, of the Sixth Conn. Volunteers, was ap-
pointed provost marshal of Wilmington, and Capt. George
F. McCabe, of Company C, Seventh New Hampshire,
was appointed assistant provost marshal : one hundred
and twenty-five men from the different regiments of our
brigade were detailed as provost guard, and remained on
that duty until relieved by the colored troops on June 7,
previous to our departure for Goldsboro.
On the 8th, Chief Justice Chase arrived in Wilmington,
and was received at the wharf by a detail from the provost
guard, who acted as a guard of honor.
On the 15th, we learned that we were in the '• Depart-
ment of North Carolina, Army of the Ohio." On the
25th, General Schofield promulgated a War Department
order, that troops ready to be mustered out in the Depart-
ment of North Carolina rendezvous at New Berne and
Wilmington, and instructions were issued that muster-out
rolls and all other papers and records be boxed up and
placed in command of an officer, who shall attend the
boxes to the place of discharge at state rendezvous, and
there deliver them to the mustering officer of that place.
At 4 o'clock p. M. on this day. General Hawley reviewed
the regiment.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 425
By General Order No. 79, of the War Department,
issued during tlie month of May, it was directed that the
resignations of general, field, and staff officers be received
until the 15th, and after that date the adjutant-general to
begin mustering out those unemployed or not needed.
During this month all recruiting was ordered stopped,
expenses were ordered to be reduced, and preparations
were made to greatly reduce the army in the field. The
only commission issued to the Seventh Regiment during
May was to Commissary Sergt. James M. Seavey, of the
non-commissioned staff, who was promoted to first lieuten-
ant in Company A, to date from May i, 1865.
On the ist of June, lists were ordered to be made of all
men whose term of service would expire before September
30, 1865, and an order was issued to at once muster out
all men who had enlisted in 1862.
The Hon. Gideon Welles, secretary of the navy, arrived
at Wilmington on the 2d, and received marked attention
from both the army and nav}'.
On the 3d, our brigade was placed under heavy march-
ing orders, and on the afternoon of the 4th, the Third
New Hampshire started for Goldsboro. Our regiment
was ordered to strike tents, and all our compan}- and reg-
imental baggage was loaded aboard steamers, in readiness
to proceed to Smithville at the mouth of Cape Fear
River. On the morning of the 5th, the Seventh New
Hampshire started for Smithville, colored troops having
arrived in Wilmington for the purpose of relieving our
brigade. On the 6th, the Seventh Connecticut followed
us to Smithville, and on the 7th, the Sixth Connecticut
arrived, leaving the city of Wilmington wholly in charge
of the colored troops.
On the 8th of June, the three regiments of our brigade
stationed at Smithville received orders to proceed to
Goldsboro, and the next day were conveyed to Wilming-
426 History of the Seventh Regiment
ton by steamer. At daylight on the loth, our regiment
went aboard cars which were to take us to Goldsboro.
This was the first opportunity for transportation by rail
which had been accorded the regiment during our service
in the South. The coaches were not elegant, as most of
them were platform cars, but it was a tar easier and more
comfortable way of getting to our destination. We arrived
at Goldsboro about i o'clock p. :\i., and found it to be a very
pleasant town, situated about eighty miles from Wilming-
ton, at the junction of four railroads. The streets were
regularly laid out, the dwelling-houses looked pleasant
and neat, and were mostly constructed of wood and well
shaded with trees. The location was health3s but the
sanitary condition of the town was very poor at the time
of our arrival there.
We found the Third New Hampshire had arrived some
days previously, and with the Seventh came the rest of
our brigade, the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut, and once
more General Abbott's brigade was all together.
The tents of our regimental camp w^ere pitched around
the court house, the building itself being occupied by the
line officers as quarters, while the tents of the field officers
were in front of the court house and on the opposite side
of the street. The men might have been perfectly con-
tented here, but their anxiety to get home predominated.
Everything at this post was favorable for us — good rations,
the best of water, and light duty, and the country around
abounded in blackberries, which could be had for the
picking. But alas for poor human nature ! Our " subs"
and weaker men could not stand the prosperity offered,
and on the 14th, a considerable quantity of whiskey was
stolen, and a wild time was the result.
It seems that a platform car, on which, among other
stores, was a barrel of whiske^^, had broken loose from a
train about a mile out on the railroad toward New Berne,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 427
and come to a standstill on the track : some of the men
in the Sixth Conn. Volunteers discovered it, and getting
under the car bored a hole up through the car and whiskey
barrel. The result was thj\t all lovers of the ardent were
soon supplied with a full canteen free of cost. The indis-
cretions committed by the more worthless portion of our
men, caused the regiment, later on, to be ordered out
about two miles from the city.
Our 1862 recruits were mustered out at 10.30 a. m. on
the 20th, with their discharges dated the 26th. Scarcely a
third of the original number were present with the regi-
ment, some of them having been killed and others mus-
tered out previously on account of wounds, while others
had suffered and died in rebel prisons. It is worthy of
note that a better class of men than the recruits we received
in 1862, never went into the service, and a perusal of our
regimental roster will show the reader how exceedingly
well and how faithfully these recruits served their coun-
try, and fullilled their enlistment contract with the United
States.
On the 25th of May, they bade us farewell, and took the
I o'clock p. M. train for the muster-out camp at New Berne,
N. C, where they arrived at 4 o'clock p. m., the same
day.
The men thus discharged, who w^ere to be sent to Con-
cord, N. H., from our brigade, consisted of twenty-nine
men from the Third New Hampshire and thirty men from
the Seventh New Hampshire. Adjt. Lemuel N. Jack-
man, of the Third N. H. Volunteers, was detailed by Maj.
Gen. J. D. Cox to conduct these discharged men to New
Hampshire.
They remained in camp at New Berne until the 27th,
when they were sent by rail to Moorehead City, N. C,
reaching there about sunset, at once went aboard the
steamer " Starlight," a very slow tub of a boat, and the
428
History of the Seventh Rechmext
next moniinjj; at 4 o'clock put to sea. The weather was
liot and still. The\- reached Fortress Monroe. \^a.. at
noon on the 29th : at 5 o'clock v. M. left for New York,
where thev arrived and anchored at quarantme at 2.30
A. M. on the morninL;" of Juh- i. and at 7 o'clock a. .m.
landed at pier Xci. 11. in the City of New York. Here
thev were marched to the Ixittery and waited until 4.30
o'clock p. M., when the\" went aboard the Sound steamer
" Citv of Boston " : a half-hour later left for New London,
Conn., where thev arrived early the next morning", and at
once took the cars for Worcester, Mass.. where the}'
arrived at 6 o'clock, Sunda\' morniuL:!;. July 2. They
went to the Soldiers" Home where they were well ted
and cared for during the da}' by the good people of that
cit\'. and on the morning of the 3d took the 6.30 train tor
Concord. N. H., reaching there at nocm.
With the Fifth Regiment of N. H. \'olunteers. they
marched to the state house, then to the American House,
where thev were furnished an excellent dinner. They
then reported at Camp Rendez\"ous and got passes to go
home — for the next dav was the Fourth of July, and, ot
course, e\'er\'bod\' went home to celebrate that da}' among
their families and friends. The passes were granted to
Julv 7, when the men reported back to camp at Concord,
were paid in full and receix'ed their discharge from the
service of the United States, after having faithfully per-
formed their part in the restoration of the Union, which
the\' had so solemnh" promised to do three vears before.
On the 30th of June, the regiment was mustered for pa}'
and for an instalnient of bount\' for those who had \'eter-
anizeci.
General Order No. 114, from the War Department,
dated the 5th, perniitted discharged soldiers to retain their
knapsacks, ha\'ersacks, and canteens without charge.
During the month of June. Augustus L. Litchtield. ot
Companv F, was promoted to be sergeant-major, to date
New Hampshire Volunteers. 429
from June 15, and Thomas Bush, of Company I, was pro-
moted to be commissary-sergeant, to date from June 15.
As the morning of the ist day of July dawned upon our
camp we knew we were surely getting near the end of our
military life. General Abbott, who had been granted
leave of absence to bury his wife, returned on the 5th, and
assumed command of the brigade. On the 6th, w-e were
ordered to appear on battalion drill twice each day ; to
these drills the men did not take kindly. The hours tor
these drills were trom 5 to 6 a. m., and from 5.30 to 6.30
p. M. On the 8th, an order was read at dress parade,
stating the order in which the various regiments were to
be mustered out. On the loth, work was commenced on
the muster-out rolls ; the necessar\' papers were made out
for turning over to the quartermaster's department, all ord-
nance, camp and garrison equipage, except that w^iich
each man carried, and after long and tiresome labor the
rolls were completed, examined, and approved.
On the 19th, we had our last battalion drill, and on the
20th, the regiment was formally mustered out of service,
and the war service of the gallant old Seventh New
Hampshire was ended. It was a great day with us, and
will linger long in memory. We shall never forget the
date, and after our muster-out the regiment formed on
dress parade, which was held for the last time in " Dixie."
On Saturday, the 22d, the regiment broke camp for
the last time, at 2 o'clock p. m., and started by rail for
Raleigh, N. C, where we arrived at 5 o'clock p. m. and
bivouacked tor the night. Probably most of the survivors
of the regiment will remember some of the " larks" in
which some of them took a conspicuous part at this place.
As we were entering the city, with the train moving very
slowly, someone noticed a small grocery on one of the
streets running alongside the track, and about fifty of the
men jumped off and went into the store ; in a few moments
430 History of the Seventh Regiment
they came out loaded with goods, and if the proprietor
had anything left after that visit, it must have been
because he carried a tremendous stock of goods to begin
with. But as near as we were able to judge, the store
was cleaned out, even to the wrapping-paper. At about
the same time a darkey with a mule and cart loaded with
melons hove in sight on the other side of the train, and
another fifty jumped oft' and went for the melons, which
were all landed on the cars, but somehow we quickly lost
sight of the driver and team.
All day Sunday the regiment stopped in Raleigh, and
on Monday left for Petersburg, Va., via Gaston. The
rails from Gaston to Ream's Station had been relaid from
the old rails, which had been torn up and bent by our
cavalry during the war to prevent their being relaid, and
consequently they were very crooked after the}' were
down, it being almost an impossibility to straighten such
terribly crooked rails so as to make them of much use
permanently. But for the time being they were made
to answer, although the trains were obliged to proceed
very slowly and cautiously in order to keep on the irons at
all. From Ream's Station to Petersburg, a distance of
thirteen miles, the rails had not then been relaid, conse-
quently the regiment was obliged to march that distance,
arriving in Petersburg at 9 o'clock that evening. At noon
on Wednesday, the 26th, the regiment left Petersburg for
City Point, where they embarked on the steamer " Nor-
folk " for New York, where they arrived at quarantine at
9 o'clock p. M. on the 28th, and the next day the steamer
proceeded up to the wharf for coal and water.
While the " Norfolk " lay in quarantine oft' New York,
some of the men managed to get ashore, as they some-
times will do, even though very strict orders may be
issued and the utmost vigilance observed ; however, they
got pretty happy by the time they were again aboard, and
New Hampshire V^olunteers. 431
those who were on the " Norfolk " that night will never
forget the antics of the man belonging to Company K,
who went up to the masthead. The orders of the officers
for him to come down availed nothing, until an order was
issued to shoot him if he did not come down at once,
when he descended pretty lively, not even stopping to
take a last look around the harbor before commencino- his
descent. And then there was a little " unpleasantness,"
caused b}' a couple of " non-coms," who refused to obev
orders, thinking they were so near home that thev were
no longer under military restraint or discipline. Again
there was ''old Burke," of Company C, who wanted to
light the whole regiment, as usual when he got pretty
happy. He somehow got hold of an old sword and a
ramrod, and felt equal to any emergency ; and the officer
of the day, at that particular time, can vouch for the fact
that Burke was a very ugly customer to handle that night.
But like all other seemingly long nights it came to an
end, and at 7 o'clock the next morning we were in New
London, Conn., the steamer having had orders to proceed
to that place in the early part of the evening. Here we
were again in old New England, returning over the same
route we had traveled when we went to the front, a full
regiment strong.
How gladly the old veterans welcomed the sight of the
hills and stone-wall fences of our dear old New England I
How really good it seemed to look once more upon such
old-time familiar landscapes I It had been a long three
years since many of us had seen New England scenery,
and many an eye, that had been as dry, apparently,
during the whole enlistment, as the sands of Morris Island,
moistened at the sight.
Here we at once took cars, which were found in wait-
ing, and proceeded via Worcester, Nashua, and Manches-
ter, arriving in Concord, N. H., at 3 o'clock p. m., where
432 History of the Seventh Regiment
we were met by the state officials and the many friends of
the regiment, and were given a hearty welcome, and an
address tendering the thanks of the State, by Gov. Fred-
erick Smyth. The regiment then went into camp to await
hnal discharge and payment, which was not accomplished
until August 8, 1865 ; and then, bidding each other an
affectionate good-bye, the comrades separated, going
" hither and yon," each in the direction of his respective
home, to meet again ncvc?-, with few exceptions, on this
side of that mysterious river which all must sometime
cross, and where many of our comrades, who came not
then with us, had long been awaiting our arrival " over the
river," and undoubtedly those comrades are yet watching
the ferry until the last one of our old regiment shall have
crossed over, and the formation again be complete on the
"other side." And one by one we are surely going,
but a few more years at most will be needed to accomplish
the purpose. The Seventh New Hampshire had ceased to
exist as quickly and quietly as though each comrade had
"folded his tent and silently stolen awa}'."
The regiment had been in twenty-two engagements,
besides numerous skirmishes, which, at times during our
service, were of almost daily occurrence. These engage-
ments and skirmishes were fought in Florida, North and
South Carolina, and Virginia. But one other regiment
from New Hampshire suffered as severely in loss of offi-
cers killed in action, during its entire service, as the
Seventh New Hampshire ; only two other regiments from
the State lost as many men killed in action : more men
from the Seventh died in rebel prisons than from any
other regiment from New Hampshire ; the Seventh lost
more officers than any other Union regiment in any one
engagement during the war. The whole number of men
mustered into the regiment was seventeen hundred and
nineteen, of which five hundred and ten were mustered
New Hampshire Volunteers. 433
out at the expiration of their term of service ; two hundred
and eleven died of disease. The regiment on its return to
Concord numbered three hundred and twenty men and
twenty-two officers, and of these less than one hundred
were original members who left the State in 1861. Of the
original field and staff only one remained.
The following members of the Seventh were commis-
sioned into other organizations :
Private John M. Thompson, of Company E, commis-
sioned as first lieutenant First S. C. V^olunteers (colored),
March 19, 1863 ; Private H. H. Summers, of Company
H, as second lieutenant Fifth N. H. Volunteers, July 24,
1863 ; Private jMahlon E. Davis, of Company C, as cap-
tain First S. C. Volunteers (colored), June 5, 1863 ; Pri-
vate C. A. Dow, of Company C, as second lieutenant U. S.
Colored Troops, August i, 1863; Sergeant George W.
Darrah, of Company K, as second lieutenant Eighteenth
N. H. Volunteers, October 20, 1864; First Sergeant John
Brown, of Company G, as captain of the Sixteenth N. H.
Volunteers, December 12, 1862; Corporal Thomas F.
Dodge, of Company B, as second lieutenant of the Eight-
eenth N. H. Volunteers, November 11, 1864 ; Second Lieu-
tenant H. F. W. Little, of Company E, as first lieutenant
Fourth U. S. Colored Troops, October 11, 1864, and first
lieutenant and adjutant Twenty-ninth U. S. Colored
Troops, January i, 1865, breveted captain and major ; Ser-
geant William J. Harding, of Company A, as first lieu-
tenant Thirty-eighth U. S. Colored Troops, March 8,
1865, and was afterwards promoted to captain.
During its service the Seventh New Hampshire was at
Camp Hale, Manchester, N. H., from October 16, 1861,
to January 14, 1862 ; at White Street Barracks, New York
city, 79 White street, from January 15 to Februar}- 13,
1S62 ; at Fort Jefferson, Fla., from ^^larch 9 to June 16,
28
434 History of the Seventh Regiment
1862 ; at Beaufort, Port Royal Island, S. C, from June
22 to September i, 1862: at St. Augustine, Fla., from
September 3, 1862, to May 10, 1863, (five companies,
under Colonel Putnam, were attached to the Second Bri-
gade, Terry's Division, Tenth Army Corps, from April 4
to 12, 1863) ; at Fernandina, Fla., from May 10 to June
7, 1863 ; at Hilton Head, S. C, from June 8 to 16, 1863 ;
at Folly Island, S. C, from June 17 to July 10, 1863,
(attached to the First Brigade, Vodge's Division, Tenth
Army Corps, June 20, 1863) ; at Morris Island, S. C.
from July 10 to December 20, 1863, (attached to the Third
Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps, July 19,
1863 ; and First Brigade, First Division, Tenth Army
Corps, November 23, 1863) : with the United States forces
at St. Helena Island, District of Hilton Head, S. C, from
December 21, 1863, to February 4, 1864 ; in Florida, from
Jacksonville to Olustee, from February 8 to April 14,
1864, (attached to the Second Brigade, First District of
Florida, February 4, 1864) ; in Virginia from April 21,
1864, to January 5, 1865, (attached to the Third Brigade,
First Division, Tenth Army Corps, April 23, 1864; Sec-
ond Brigade, First Division, Tenth Arm}- Corps, May 3,
1864; Second Brigade, First Division, Twenty-fourth
Army Corps, December 4, 1864) ; in North Carolina from
January 13 to July 24, 1865, (attached to the Second Bri-
gade, First Division, Tenth Army Corps, March 27,
1865). During the regiment's service in Virginia, it was
in the Army of the James, and during a portion of the
time the Seventh was in North Carolina, it was in the
Army of the Ohio.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 435
official list of battles and engagements in which
the seventh new hampshire participated.
Morris Island, S. C. . . . . July 10, 1863
Fort Wagner (first assault) . . . July 11, 1863
Fort Wagner (second assault) . . July 18, 1863
Siege of Fort Wagner, Morris Island,
S. C July 10 to Sept. 7, 1863
Siege of Fort Sumter, S. C. . Sept. 7 to Dec. 20, 1863
Olustee, Fla. ..... Feb. 20, 1864
Chester Station, Va. .... Ma}- 9, 1864
Lempster Hill (near Chester Station), Va. May 10,1864
Drury's Bluff, Va May 13-16, 1864
Bermuda Hundred, Va.,
May 18, 20, 21, June 2-4, 18, 1864
Near Petersburg, Va. .... June 9, 1864
Ware Bottom Church, Va. , . . June 16, 1864
Deep Bottom, Va. .... Aug. 16, 1864
Siege of Petersburg, Va. . Aug. 24 to Sept. 28, 1864
New Market Heights, Va. . . . Sept. 29, 1864
Near Richmond, Va. .... Oct. i, 1864
New Market Road (near Laurel Hill, or
near Chapin's Farm), Va. . . . Oct. 7, 1864
Darby town Road, Va. . . . Oct. 13, 27, 28, 1864
Fort Fisher, N. C. .... Jan. 15,1865
Half Moon Battery, Sugar Loaf Hill,
near Federal Point, N. C. . . Jan. 18, 19, 1865
Sugar Loaf Battery, N. C. . . . Feb. 11,1865
North East Ferry (near Wilmington),
N. C Feb. 22, 1865
In concluding the history of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire, I again cordially thank those veterans and comrades
who have so kindly rendered me all the assistance in their
power, and I am under great obligations to the comrades
of the regiment for the patience they have manifested
toward me while I have been preparing the book, which I
436
History of the Seventh Regiment
can well assure them is a work of no small magnitude.
The history has been accomplished under almost unsur-
mountable ditiiculties, in order that the surviving members
of our regiment and the families of our deceased comrades
may have an historical record of the regiment, the memory
of which will ever be dear to their hearts, and will be
fondly cherished by their posterity.
Seventh Ne\v Hampshire, the regiment of Putnam
and Abbott, and, dear reader, your regiment and mine,
FOREVER FAREW^ELL.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 437
CHAPTER XXIV.
ODD CHARACTERS. ESCAPE FROM ANDERSONVILLE.
DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE CHARLESTON EXPEDI-
TION OF APRIL, 1S63. GILLMORE MEDALS. LIEUT.
JOHN H. Worcester's sword. — the recruits of
1862. — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EXPERIENCES IN
REBEL PRISONS.
The men will nearly all remember Private Charles G.
Pyer, of Company D, who was one of the original mem-
bers of the regiment and stuttered badly ; in fact, his was
one of the worst cases we ever knew. He once very
earnestly requested us to assist him in breaking the habit,
and we commenced by advising him to hold a small stick
firmly between his teeth while attempting to converse.
He got along ver}- well until the conversation became
exciting, when he would invariably drop his stick, and
return at once to the old jaw-breaking method. Once
while the regiment was at Fort Jefferson, Fla., he hap-
pened on a guard detail of which Sergt., afterwards
Lieut. William F. Spalding was in charge. It was at
that time customary for the newly mounted guard to
appear in their dress uniforms ; after guard-mount the
first relief would at once be posted, and the second and
third reliefs would go to their quarters two or three at a
time, with the permission of the officer "of the guard or of
the sergeant in charge of their respective reliefs, and don
their fatigue dress tor the remainder of the day. The
first relief was allowed the same privilege upon being
relieved at the end of the first tour. On this day Pyer
438 History of the Seventh Regiment
had been posted with the first relief, and was, of course,
off duty as soon as the second relief was posted. Sergeant
Spalding being in charge of the first relief, Pyer went
to him for permission to go to his quarters to change
his dress, and approaching him and saluting, began as
follows :
" S-s-s-s-s-sergeant, c-c-c-c-can I g-g-g-g-go — "
The sergeant, who quickly anticipated what was wanted,
and who was too nerv}^ to desire the prolongation of the
query under existing circumstances, at once replied when
Pyer had proceeded thus far :
"Yes, for God's sake, go!" which answer was taken
by Pyer in good part, as it saved him much time and lots
of chin-work.
There was also, in Company H, a man by the name of
Dwinnells, who had an impediment in his speech, which
was not in the form of stuttering, but in the shape of
horrid contortions of the mouth before articulation of the
words he was about to speak ; and really, he could not
get over the English language much, if any, faster than
P3'er. It was very amusing to see those two men get
together at Fort Jefferson, Fla., and attempt conversation.
Private Pyer was mustered into the United States serv-
ice November 6, 1861, and re-enlisted February 28, 1864 ;
while on his furlough he was taken sick and never returned
to the regiment, and was afterwards discharged. Private
Warren P. Dwinnells was mustered into the United States
service December 14, 1861, and was discharged for dis-
ability at Fort Jefferson, Fla., June 20, 1862.
Swain, of Company D.
His rank was that of private ; a generous, good-hearted
fellow, whose motto was, "My comrades first, myself and
strangers afterwards." His was not an isolated case, for
we frequently met similar characters in the different
New Hampshire Volunteers. 439
branches of the service ; but his peculiarities went far
toward making the soldier-life of his companions merry in
the extreme, both on the march and in the held, and
caused many a ray of sunlight to flit across the dull,
monotonous routine of camp and garrison duty. Many
times after a long and tiresome march have we been
induced to forget our weariness and indulge in a hearty
laugh at some of the many mishaps of this mischievous
fellow. Nothing suited him better than an order to forage
upon the enemy, and a brigade composed of men of his
stamp would have sufficed to transfer the whole South to
the Provinces at short notice. He was one of the very
few in our corps who, when the army was on the march
through some of the dreary portions of the enemy's
country, always put in an appearance with his haversack
and canteen filled with the best the country afforded for
miles around ; and if extra or tresh provisions were called
for, he could almost invariably furnish them.
At one time when we had been at the front constantly
driving the enemy, and having no facilities for obtaining
rations, after suppressing our hunger thirty-six hours, we
were regaled by Swain with a feast consisting of raw
ham, uncooked rice, and broken corn cake, all of which
he had filched from the retreating enemy, who in their
hurried flight had divested themselves of everything but
gun and ammunition. Whenever we pitched our camp in
any settled portion of the country, or as soon as we would
become settled down in garrison, his quarters were sure to
be furnished at once with all the delicacies of the season,
without regard to the markets. We can never forget the
hearty laugh at his expense, and the mingled look of
regret and chagrin which pervaded his countenance one
nicrht down in Florida, where our command was at that
time doing garrison duty. It was in old St. Augustine.
440 History of the Seventh Regiment
Our company had conceived the idea of keeping a few-
swine for the benefit of our larder, and Swain was depu-
tized to procure them as best he could.
In one of his private scouting expeditions he had dis-
covered the coveted porkers at a place about two miles out,
the owner of which had peremptorily refused to sell any-
thing to a "mud-sill." But armed with an old flour bar-
rel, our man started one dark night on his " confiscation"
errand, and deftly eluding our picket posts, was soon on
his way back with two little porkers nicely ensconced in
the barrel ; but when nearing our lines some unusual noise
elicited a challenge from the nearest picket, when his
haste caused him to make some evolutions not laid dowm
in the regulation tactics ; the bottom of the barrel at that
moment dropping out gave the porkers their liberty, and
our hero, after wading a half-mile of saltmarsh, fording a
creek, and tearing his uniform into tatters in trying to
force his wa}- through the chaparral and Spanish bayonet,
found his way into the barracks just in time to answ^er to
his name at reveille in a hurried and crestfallen manner.
At another time, one of the companies belonging to the
command had arranged to have a barbecue, after a nearly
obsolete Southern fashion, and had procured a medium
sized pig, which, after being dressed, was to be roasted
whole in the lariie o-arrison oven : but iust before the feast
the oven was found to be empty, and not the least clue to
the whereabouts of their property. But it was a remark-
able fact that the company to which Sw^ain belonged, had
roast pork for two or three days after.
Having been stationed at old Fort Marion one winter, it
so happened that on the detail on one of the tours of guard
duty, our name and that of Swain chanced to appear upon
the same relief, or division, w^hich, in a military manner,
was promptly posted, and during the "wee sma' hours
avant the tw^al," we took occasion to visit each sentinel in
New Hampshire Volunteers. 441
an official capacity. Arriving at post No. 12, at the basin
or boat landing, we found the only resemblance to any-
thincr on dutv was an Entield rifled musket sticking by the
bayonet in the sand, fitted up with cap, blouse, and equip-
ments, and one of the boats was found missing. Know-
ing our man so well, the misdemeanor was not reported,
and taking the musket we stood duty in his stead until
about time for a relief, when a commotion was observed
on the water-side, and we captured the runaway sentinel
and a larcre boat load of fresh fish. For the largest one
in the lot we agreed to be silent, and the men had as man}^
dishes of fish that day as the cooks could devise ways to
serve.
At this fort there was also a large oven, where the dif-
ferent companies of the command put in their pork and
beans, brown bread, etc., each Saturdav night, that they
might have a real New England breakfast on the follow-
ing Sunday morning, each company contributing its share
of the wood for heating. The beans were ahvays placed
in large iron mess-kettles, and the letter of each company
chalked thereon. Now it so happened that on one partic-
ular Saturday night the kettles marked " D" were the last
ones put in the oven, unknown to Swain, prior to sealing
the door for the night. In the early morning, before day-
light, Compan}- D was quietly awakened and invited to
partake of hot baked beans and bread. They did the
repast justice, and then threw the kettles into the sea to
obliterate all chances of detection. When our cooks went
for rations in the morning there was nothing for Compan}'
D, and the joke was so good there was never anything
said about that breakfast afterwards. A portion of the
brown bread stolen belonged to Company A.
In astonishment we saw Swain drive up to the quarters
one da}', after one of his usual scouting expeditions, in
possession of a mule team and a load of wood which he
captured ten miles outside of St. Augustine, Fla.
442 History of the Seventh Regiment
At the battle of Olustee we missed him. He was taken
prisoner early in the fight, and after undergoing the
starvation process which was so cheerfully meted out by
the so called Confederate Government to our men in the
prison pen at Andersonville, he succumbed to disease, and
grave No. 7,040 marks the last resting place of Private
Charles Swain, of Company D, of the Seventh New
Hampshire, whose memory will ever be cherished, his
many adventures kept fresh in mind at the annual reunion
of our command, and forgotten only when the last com-
rade shall have passed to "that bourne from whence no
traveler returns."
Sergt. Martin M. Bowles, of Company C.
A very quiet, as well as unique, character was Sergt.
Martin M. Bowles, who enlisted as a private in Company
C, was mustered into service in that company December
3, 1S61 ; was promoted to corporal July 4, 1862 ; was
wounded on Morris Island, S. C, July iS, 1863 ; was pro-
moted to sergeant December 28, 1863 ; was captured at
Olustee, Fla., February 20, 1864; escaped from Ander-
sonville prison, and returning to his regiment was mus-
tered out with the original three years' men, December 22,
1864.
The following account of his escape from the prison pen
at Andersonville will be very interesting to the survivors
of our regiment, amona; whom Sergeant Bowles was well
known, and will, perhaps, refresh the memory of man}^ of
the comrades who were at that time captured, and were
fortunate enough to live to be eventually exchanged or
paroled, and as very few ever succeeded in escaping we
will relate the incident as Sergeant Bowles related it to
the historian.
At the battle of Olustee, Fla., it was the misfortune of
Sergeant Bowles to be taken prisoner of war by the rebel
soldiery, the situation at that moment being such that he
New Hampshire Volunteers. 443
was obliged to submit quietly, although very reluctantly ;
and with many others ot" the Union army was marched to
the rear of the rebel lines under a strong escort, after
having been robbed of their money and other personal
effects, and having undergone the usual catechism of
interrogatories by those who seemed to be in authority,
being heartily cursed, of course, for the very unsatisfac-
tory replies made thereto, and subjected to many gross
insults, unbecoming even a military rabble, and especially
the representatives of the so called Southern chivalry.
He was then ordered to be confined in the nearest jail,
from which, after a few days, he was taken to Ander-
sonville and duly incarcerated within that noted prison
stockade, where the worst of trials and hardships were
forced upon the prisoners ; and as the days passed wearily
by, many of them became convinced that a sentence to
the infernal regions could not have been a worse fate.
After a time, being placed in command of a "squad"
of prisoners, according to the prison rules, he was entitled
to an extra ration ; but a double dose of the uncooked,
tilthy stuff issued by the rebel government to the prisoners
was not enough to half satisfy the hunger of a sick man,
to say nothing of a healthy person. x\t1:er a few weeks of
this duty he was fortunate enough to get detailed as one
of a party to collect wood and unload and deliver rations ;
and had the privilege granted him, while on this duty,
of sleeping near the garrison cook-house, just outside the
stockade. While on this detail he made the acquaintance
of a sergeant belonging to a Georgia regiment at that time
composing a part of the rebel garrison, who, in a very
gentlemanly sort of way, furnished many little courtesies
whereby he was enabled to gather much information
regarding the topography of the country about him, the
direction of certain routes, and the distance to the Union
lines or outposts, etc. Recruits were coming in, also,
444 History of the Seventh Regiment
from Sherman's arm}-, from whom he gathered much
information, all of which was carefulh' stored in his
" knowledge box " to serve on a future occasion.
After a time an order for exchange for those from
Sherman's army was issued, and a copy of a newspaper
was placed in his way by one who was friendly inclined
towards him — for the prison rules strictly prohibited
papers — and he learned that a train would be dispatched
upon a certain night and would arrive at Andersonville, to
be at once loaded with the required freight, viz., Sher-
man's men, and started immediately for the front, where,
by the cartel, the prisoners were to be exchanged. Upon
mature deliberation he thought this might be his only
chance, and at once determined to take advantage of it.
Accordingly he made all the arrangements possible under
the circumstances, taking good care, meanwhile, to avoid
suspicion, and having been presented with a small pocket
compass by a Western soldier who had been exchanged,
he hoped by its aid and the intbrmation already gathered,
to be able to make his way through the countr}- to
Atlanta, Ga.
The train arrived at the appointed time, and it so hap-
pened that his detail was at work at a storehouse near
by loading rations, it being quite dark ere the duties were
completed and the storehouse locked. While marching
from there to the quarters in the darkness, which was
the more intense owing to a fine, drizzlincr rain, tliree of
the detail, including Sergeant Bowles, who had resolved
to make the attempt, took advantage of this favorable
opportunity while crossing the railroad, and ensconced
themselves in one of the many freight cars comprising
the train, which was awaiting the arrival of the prisoners ;
finding a long, wide board lying loose upon the bottom of
the car, they very quietly placed themselves under it and
on the side farthest from the open door, and soon had the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 445
pleasure of hearing the roll-call of the prisoners to be
exchanged. From the noise without Sergeant Bowles
became convinced that guards vvere searching the cars to
see if all were empty. They soon appeared at the car
door, and his courage went down below the freezing-
point, but again revived as he saw the guard make a
hurried search, occasionally thrusting his bayonet into the
remotest corners, while the dim flashes of the corporal's
lantern outside but partially lighted up the interior. The
car was pronounced empty, and the prisoners crowded in,
but the three escaping prisoners kept very quiet until the
train was under full headway and well away from the
stockade, when they quietly raised themselves to a "living
perpendicular" and mingled with the crowd. They hoped
their absence from their usual quarters would not be ascer-
tained until morning, as kind comrades had volunteered to
personate their voices at roll-call, and by that time they
would be on their march beyond the terminus of the
railway.
Shortly after sunrise the train was stopped, and all
hands were ordered out and given in charge of a cavalry
escort, who were to march them to the place of rendez-
vous. The appearance of this cavalry was extremely
wretched, but they carried a sort of a self-confident air,
and seemed to borrow no trouble about any of the prison-
ers trying to make their escape.
At noon they were halted near a plantation for a short
rest, and to give the guards time to eat a lunch of corn-meal
porridge and refill their canteens with water from the plan-
tation well. Sentinels were stationed around them, the time
being occupied by the prisoners about as they pleased.
Going to the well for water, someone carelessly asked the
guard stationed over the bucket how far they were from
Atlanta. Upon learning the distance, one of the prisoners
asserted that it was in a certain direction, while another
446 History of the Sev'enth Regiment
purposely disputed it; the guard innocently settled the
dispute by pointing in the right direction. This was
enough, and the three supernumerary prisoners at once
started out awkwardly to see how railroads were con-
structed in the South, as one lay near them, although it
had loner since been useless on account of some of the
rails being gone and others partly twisted and crooked in
various ways, they were told, by raids of the Union
cavalry. Almost before he could realize it. Sergeant
Bowles and his two companions had carelessly blundered
outside of the line of sentinels, and the attention of those
nearest having been called in another direction, they were
not for the moment noticed, and at once took advantage of
these circumstances to secrete themselves in a low culvert,
which extended under and across the railway. Once
under cover they made the quickest possible time until
the}- reached the bank of a small creek a few hundred
yards away, when, proceeding a small distance up stream,
they crossed and struck out for a small piece of woodland,
closely following a line of hedge for better concealment.
Upon reaching the cover of the woods they stopped a few
moments to rest, and, from their hiding-place, could
plainly discern the party they had so unceremoniously left
about twenty minutes before. With much gratification they
heard distinctly the orders given them to "fall in," and
watched them move slowly away. As soon as the column
had disappeared the fugitives commenced their journey,
relying wholly upon the compass in possession of Sergeant
Bowles for direction ; proceeding cautiously forward they
kept under cover of woodland b}' day and avoided roads
by night. Finding a turnip patch, adjoining a large plan-
tation, they confiscated all the rations they could conven-
iently carry after appeasing their hunger. Thus fortified
they made the best of their way, crawling into some dense
thicket for sleep at midday.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 447
Twice they narrowly escaped capture. Once when they
had just stowed themselves away for sleep, a large cav-
alry patrol passed in the immediate vicinity. At another
time, coming to the brow of a hill at midnight, and taking
observations from one of the tallest trees, they found, to
their astonishment, a long line of picket fires in their front,
which caused them to make a long detour to the left, and
thev only managed to pass them after man}- observations
by working their way through a piece of marshy ground,
lying between two picket posts, which, upon closer investi-
gation, they found to be picketed by rebel cavalry. They
had now to proceed with greater caution for fear of meet-
ing their videttes.
After some hours of tedious travel they noticed what
appeared to them to be a picket of the Union army, and
upon nearer approach at daylight, from a perch in a tree,
they saw^ a line of bluecoats as far as the eye could reach,
and even then they dared not trust their eyes until some of
the ofiicers were seen moving about, when they became
convinced that they were near the Union outposts. With
lighter steps they then approached one of the picket posts
near a deserted plantation house, for they had resolved to
defer their usual midday sleep until they were inside of
those lines, and although the course led them directly
across an open field, they were not discovered until a detour
had been made to the right and around the house, and
they came up in the rear of the pickets, who were as much
astonished on seeing them as the escaping prisoners were
upon observing the lack of good discipline under which
the pickets were laboring, as Sergeant Bowles affirmed
that he could easily have captured the whole picket post
which comprised a sergeant and three men belonging to
an Ohio regiment which had been mustered for one hun-
dred days' service.
448 History of the Seventh Regiment
Being now safe from recapture or starvation, they
greedily partook of rations otiered, and after a short rest
were conducted to the rear where they were delivered to a
provost officer who duly receipted for, and at once sent
them into Atlanta, feeling highly jubilant to lind that they
had out-marched the prisoners for exchange with whom
they had started from Andersonville, who arrived twelve
hours later. i\fter the usual trials and tribulations of
being knocked around provost guard-houses, and of being
turned over and receipted for from one officer to another,
each one was, as soon as circumstances would permit,
forwarded to his respective command, thereby saving the
so called Confederate Government the trouble of exchang-
ing them or making a record of the number of their
graves.
William Mason.
Private William Mason, of Company D, was one of the
unique characters, who, at the commencement of the war,
drifted into the army. He was mustered in with Company
D, No\'ember 6, 1861 ; and at Fort Jefferson, Fla., was
detailed to act as regimental armorer ; was for a time
detailed as tireman to run one of the huge " condensers,"
with which the garrison was provided with fresh water.
He was detailed as regimental armorer on Morris Island,
S. C, and re-enlisted for another term of three years on
March 14, 1S64 ; served with his company during the
summer of 1S64 ; was promoted to sergeant, January i,
1S65 ; was mustered out with his company, July 20, 1S65,
and died at Great Falls (now Somersworth), N. H., a few
years ago.
At the time of his enlistment we remember his hair was
partially gray, and it was said that he was an old man-ot-
wars-man, having served many years in the British navy,
and he had all the appearances that went to make up such
a character.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
449
At one time when we were in Virginia, and after a hard
day's labor in rolling up ponderous logs with which to
build a line of breastworks — for we had just established
a new line of defense, after severe fighting on the north
side of the river James — we gathered around our camp-
fire, and it being in the month of October, the heat from
the fire of hard-wood logs was quite comfortable, for the
evenings were beginning to be rather chilly. After par-
taking of our coffee and " munching " a few old " B. C. 1 "
hard-tack, with a goodly slice of salt pork, fried or broiled
on the end of a ramrod, we took to our pipes and story
telling ; as we had quite a number of new men who had
lately joined us — mostly '' subs," however — some one of
them had brought with him a couple of pairs of boxing-
gloves, and by the light of our fire some of the men
proposed that we have a little sport with them. Many of
the " subs," being from the large seaport cities and gen-
erally hard tickets, had been somewhat familiar with the
rules and exercises of the prize-ring before their entry
into the service. Of course such sport soon gathered a
crowd from all the regiments near us. A man would step
out, put on a pair of the gloves, and call upon anyone to
put on the other pair and stand before him, w^hen one or
the other would soon get knocked into the middle of the
regiment next to us, when the standing man would call for
another comrade to come before him. So the sport went
on until a good share of the crowd around the fire had
been the standing man, and in turn been unceremoniously
knocked out of time, when a tall, sinewy, hard-looking
"sub" had the "floor," and kept it for several rounds.
Finally, after much persuasion. Private Mason, w^ho had
been sitting quietly by the fire enjoying the sport, con-
sented to put on the gloves. As he had been in the navy
before the war, we mistrusted that he pretty well under-
stood the "manly art of self-defense," but as yet he had
29
450
HlS^TORV OF THE SEVENTH RegIMENT
kt-pl •' shath',"" not caring;", exick-nth'. to take ]")art in the
programme. Me had alway cornphiined of partial blind-
ness after chirk, and by daylight was rather short-sighted,
ha\'ing to wear ghisses to aid him most of the time. After
makincr some remarks al)out not seeing his adversar\- very
jilainly, owing to the darkness, he squared oil", and after
a few parries made a quick pass, knocking his man end
o\'er end for a number of rods, with a blow that would
have stove in the end of a Dutch regiment, at the same
time saying that if he had his spectacles along with him.
he thought he could do better. This higly elated the
men. and now, ha\'ing found that he was an expert, no
one cared to face him, and our " Bill" was " boss ot the
yard,"" and was never afterwards bantered to put on
o'loves.
Tin-: Expedition to Charleston. S. C, and the
Attack on Fort Sumter, in April, 1^63.
The following description of this expedition is given by
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill, who was present with his compan}'.
H. one of the companies of the Se\"enth Xeu' Hampshire
ordered from St. Augustine. Fla., where the regiment was
at that time stationed, under Colonel Putnam, to join the
expedition :
"On Frida\', March 27, 1863, the steamer 'Cossack"
arrived at St. Augustine, Fla., trom Hilton Head, S. C,
with orders for Colonel Putnam to take live companies of
his regiment and proceed at once on the steamer to Hilton
Head, to join an expedition, the objective point being, as
we supposed, Cliarleston, S. C, Companies B, F, H, I,
and K, were selected and ordered to be in readiness for
inspection the following da\' at 10 o'clock a. m., and go
aboard the 'Cossack." Adjt. H. G. Webber and Asst.
Surg. Henry Boynton of the regimental stafT were to
accompanx' the battalimi. The men were ordered to take,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 451
besides their arms and equipments, one change of under-
clothing, their overcoats, and blankets, leaving their dress
coats, hats, and other things at St. Augustine. The
weather was so rough on Saturday that the battalion did
not go on board the steamer until Sunday afternoon, when
they at once started for their destination. Thev had pro-
ceeded but a short distance when a severe squall came up,
and, before the}- had reached the bar, thev were obliged to
anchor. As soon as the squall had abated so that it was
safe to raise the anchor, the steamer was taken back to St.
Augustine, and anchored ot^' Fort Marion, where she
remained until toward night on Monday. In the mean
time the storm had been ver}- severe and the water on the
bar was exceedingl}' rough. Colonel Putnam was very
anxious to obey orders and report promptly at headquar-
ters of the department, and on this account, no doubt, the
steamer started sooner than her captain or the pilot
thought it prudent. The 'Cossack' was a crazy old boat,
and the rough sea outside was liable to materially change
the channel over the bar, which was composed of quick-
sand and liable to change under such circumstances.
" The captain of the steamer, who seemed to be a rough
old sea-dog, desired to wait a day or two longer for the
sea to become smoother, but the colonel was bound to go,
and the old native pilot said he would pilot them over.
On reaching the bar, the waters were white with foam as
they rolled up the shallow channel, which was only
eleven feet deep at high tide, while the steamer, which
was quite heavily loaded, drew nine feet.
"The pilot got into his dory to ' flag' the steamer along
the channel over the bar. The engineer of the boat was
heard to say, 'Shall I put on all steam, captain?' the
captain in his grufl' voice replying, 'Yes, if we've got to
go to hell, let us go quick ! '
452 History of the Seventh Regiment
"Twice the old steamer struck on the sand-bar with a
thump, as she came down in the trough of the sea, and
the men began to wonder if this was to end their soldier-
ing. The steamer and the pilot were alternately hidden
from each other as they were tossed up and down on the
rough waves, which frequently broke over the deck of the
steamer. Getting safely over the bar, they at once pro-
ceeded on their rough voyage toward Hilton Head, stop-
ping at Fernandina, Fla., the next day, long enough to
take on board five companies of the Seventh Conn. Vol-
unteers (Colonel Hawley's regiment).
" They arrived at Hilton Head about noon, Wednesday,
April I, and were at once ordered ashore. New 'A'
tents were issued to the men, and they went into camp
near and north of the hospital. Sunday morning, April
5, the battalion left Hilton Head on the new headquarters
dispatch steamer ' General Hunter,' and proceeded at
once to Stono Inlet, S. C, to await the result of the bom-
bardment of Fort Sumter by the iron-clads of our navy.
" It was a beautiful sight to see the sixty government
vessels of which the expedition was composed, as they
steamed along toward Charleston. The vessels arrived at
Stono Inlet about dark or a little after, and went in over
the bar as fast as they could be piloted.
" Tuesday, April 7, was a beautiful spring day, and one
in which the iron-clads of our navy were to be severely
tested by the forts in Charleston Harbor. The attack of
the iron-clads, consisting of the ' New Ironsides ' and
eight monitors, on Fort Sumter commenced at 3 o'clock
p. M., and continued for about two and one half hours.
Stono Inlet is about ten miles from Fort Sumter, and each
discharge of the artillery and the bursting of the shells
could be distinctly heard, and at that distance at times
seemed like one continuous roar. The discharge of the
heavy guns jarred the steamers at Stono Inlet the same as
a house is often jarred by heavy thunder.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 453
" The attack by the navy on Fort Sumter and the other
forts in the harbor was a failure, but not a disaster. We
lost but four men and one vessel, the ' Keokuk.' All
the other vessels could be easily repaired. Two guns on
Fort Sumter were disabled, one burst, and the rebels had
one man killed and a few wounded. On the fleet engaged
there were about one thousand men and thirty guns,
fighting against several times as man}- men, in what was
probably the best fortified harbor in the world at that time.
" The men remained on board the transports several
da3"s, expecting the attack on the forts to be renewed
again, and were much surprised when they received
orders to return to Hilton Head. The battalion of the
Seventh was transferred to the steamer ' Convo}',' and at
8 o'clock on Wednesday morning, April 15, Colonel
Putnam with his men returned to St. Augustine, Fla.
They sustained no loss and appeared in good order, and
all seemed to have well enjoyed the trip.
" While at Hilton Head on the return trip, the men
saw the yard-arms manned on the U. S. steam frigate
'Wabash,' which is at present the receiving ship at the
Charlestown, Mass., navy yard. There were about one
hundred and seventy-five in number. At the word of
command they ran up the rigging at almost lightning
speed, collected around the masts, and in an instant, at
another word of command, deployed out on the yard-arms,
each of which had the appearance of having a company
of soldiers upon it in perfect line, and some of them were
nearly an hundred feet in the air. It was a sight that but
few of our men ever saw except at that time, and we
were told that it was done in honor of the admiral, who
had come on board the Iriofate at that time."
^;;4 History of the Seventh Regiment
GILLMORE MEDALS.
(Jii the 2Sth of October, 1S63, General Gillmore, full of
i^ralitude to the rank and file of the regiments which had
taken so prominent a part in the siege of iNIorris Island,
issued General Order No. 94, Headquarters Department
of the South, providing for department medals of honor
tor gallant and meritorious conduct during the operations
before Charleston, to not over three per cent of the aggre-
o-ate strength of the various regiments, companies, and
detachments that have been in action or on duty in the
batteries or trenches. Candidates for these honors were
to be nominated by the company otlicers, and sent through
the usual military channels.
The following named men of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire were recommended for Gillmore medals by a board
of officers appointed in orders of November 25, 1S63, from
Headquarters U. S. Forces, Morris Island, S. C, under
the provisions of General Order No. 94, Headquarters
Department of the South :
Sergt. Brainard Cummings, Company A : Sergt. George
F. Corson, and Private Michael Cahill, Company B:
Privates Zenas P. Alden and Robert Miller, Company
C : Privates George Parker and Clinton P. Wells, Com-
pany D ; Privates Henry Kimball and Robert A. Brown,
Company E; Corp. Martin V. B. Perkins and Private
Samuel P. Sargent, Company F ; Private Franklin W.
Randall, Company G; Privates Stephen H. Price and
Otis A. Merrill, Company H ; Corp. George Weaver and
Private John II. Smith, Company I : Sergt. Alonzo G.
Dudley and Private George Rainey, Company K.
No record of the dates of the issue of the medals recom-
mended by this board of ollicers can be found in the rec-
ords of the War Department.
These medals were called '' Gillmore Medals," and
were of broiize, and bear on one side a representation in
New Hampshire Volunteers. 455
relief of Fort Sumter in ruins, and upon the other a fac-
simile of the general's autograph, while upon the bar
above the medal, to which the medal is attached, appears
the name, rank, compan3% and regiment, of the soldier
receiving the same. A certificate was also issued with
each medal. Those awarded to the men of the Seventh
were not all issued and presented while our regiment was
on Morris Island, some of them being received by the men
during the summer of 1S64.
Though all regiments participating in the siege were
invited by General Gillmore to send in the names of
deserving soldiers, a few regiments declined the otfered
honor on the basis that every man of the regiment had
been " gallant and meritorious."' However this may be,
the recipients of those medals may proudl}" wear them, for
they were faithfully earned.
LIEUTENANT WORCESTER'S SWORD.
A SOUVENIR RETURNED.
After the muster-in of Company H, and just before its
departure for the front, friends of Lieutenant Worcester,
appreciating his patriotism, bought and presented him a
sword, which, at the time of his capture at Fort Wagner,
fell into rebel hands, and nothing was ever heard from it
until the winter of 18S7, when the following letter came
one day to the postmaster at Hollis :
Plantersville, S. C, February 23, 1887.
To the P. M. of Hollis :
Dear Sir, — I am anxious to be put in communication
with Lieut. John H. Worcester, of Company H, Seventh
Regiment N. H. Volunteers, for so he was December 20,
1861.
If he is not alive, can you give me the address of any
member of his family? I have just come across a sou-
456 History op' the Seventh Regiment
venir that mav be \'alued 1)}' himself or his family, and
will be obliged to }'ou if you will assist me.
Respectfully,
Mrs. J. Harleston Read,
Plantersville P. O., Georgetown, S. C.
This letter was at once referred to Mr. Franklin Wor-
cester, of Hollis, a brother of Lieutenant Worcester, who
at once replied and received the following letter :
Plantersville. March 4, 1SS7.
Mr. Franklin Worcester :
Di-:ar Sir. — Your prompt and satisfactory answer to
my letter of the 23d was receixed last evening, and in
reply I will state it is a sword of your brother's that I have.
Mv husband, while on service in the Confederate armv.
was stationed for a time on Morris Island, near Fort
Wagner, and while there bought the sword from a private
who had no use for it. Alter the war it was put aside
in a lumber room, with his other army luggage, and
there it has been forgotten until my boys grew old enough
to take an interest in such things, when thev brought it to
me and drew \y\\ attention to the inscription on the band
of the scabbard :
" PRESENTED TO
LT. JOHN H. WORCESTER,
CO. H, 7TH REG"t N. H. \'.,
i;y his friends in hollis,
DEC. 20, 1S61."
When we rtad it we felt that there must have been true
worth in Lieutenant Worcester to be so valued hx "his
friends in Hollis." and so with my husband's consent I
decided to write as I did for some information.
We feel sad to think it is not to be returned to the lieu-
tenant himself, as we had hoped, but as he is now " at rest,"'
I will send it to vou as soon as I hear from you, if your
express address is the same as your post-office one, or like
ours, entirely dillerent, the express office being seventeen
miles awaw
New Hampshire Volunteers. 457
Not from curiosity, but with real interest I ask, was
Lieutenant Worcester a young man, and did he leave a
widow and children?
The sword is of no value in itself, as the handle is
broken, and the brass tip at the end of the scabbard is
broken off, but the inscription, showing how he was appre-
ciated in his home, touched me, and I felt it would still be
valued by "someone" for his sake. I will forward it to
you as soon as I am sure of your express address.
Respectfully yours,
Annie E. Read,
Mrs. J. Harleston Read,
Plantersville P. O., Georgetown, S. C.
The sword was received in due time, and although
"shattered and torn,'" it is sacredly kept in memor}- of the
one who so bravely lost his life in the defense of his coun-
try and oh the field of honor.
OUR RECRUITS OF 1862.
The recruits that came to the regiment in 1862, while
the regiment was at St. Augustine, Fla., were the equal
of any body of men that helped to form the organization.
Most of them were led to select the regiment through per-
sonal friendships. These men voluntarily enlisted, and
made the best of soldiers. The first squad that came to
us left Concord, N. H., August 27, 1862, en route for New
York, via Boston and Fall River, Mass. Arriving at Fall
River, the}' went aboard the steamer " Metropolis," and
when near New York, they passed the English steamer
" Great Eastern," which was aground at the time, and
was the largest vessel in the world.
Upon landing in New York, September 28, the men
were marched up to the White Street barracks, and in the
afternoon were marched aboard a small steamer, and
458 History of the Seventh Regiment
taken over to Fort Hamilton to await transportation to the
Department of the South. September 4, the men went
aboard the steamer " George C. Collins," and the next
morning started for the South. The steamer was a round-
bottom propeller, and was a regular transport, fitted up
with bunks each six feet square, designed to accommodate
four men in each bunk. There were on board about one
hundred and fifty men bound for New Hampshire regi-
ments (Third, Fourth, and Seventh), two hundred for
Massachusetts, and some for Rhode Island regiments.
At Beaufort, N. C, the men went ashore for one day, and
the Third New Hampshire men buried one of their num-
ber who had died on the voyage. On the morning of
September 10, they left for Port Royal, S. C, and
arrived there on the evening of September 11. The next
morning the men were all allowed to go ashore, and those
who had not reached their destination went into camp for
a few days to await transportation. While here the men
availed themselves of the opportunity to visit friends in the
New Hampshire and other regiments. On September 16,
the men for the Seventh Regiment were ordered to go
aboard the steamer " Cossack," on which the journey to
the regiment was to be completed. The steamer stopped
at Fernandina part of one day, and ran up the St. John's
River a short distance the same evening to enable Brig.
Gen. A. H. Terry to enquire as to the result of a bom-
bardment of a rebel battery by our gunboats.
On September 18, the recruits arrived at St. Augustine,
and were sent to the barracks at the south end of the city ;
later were attached to Company E, and quartered with
them at the old Planter's Hotel for the purpose of drawing
rations. Lieutenant Baker, of Company E, was detailed
to drill them until they could be assigned to their respect-
ive companies, which occurred about October i.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 459
October 3, another squad of recruits arrived and were at
once assigned to the companies for which they enlisted,
except some who had enlisted for Company E, who could
not be assigned to that company as the maximum number
for that company had been reached by the men who were
assigned from the previous squad. From both squads
Company D received seven ; Company E, sixteen ; and
Company H, twelve.
460 History of the Seventh Regiment
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Col. Haldimand Sumner Putnam.
This lamented officer, who was killed in the charge
upon Fort Wagner, on Morris Island, S. C, on the i8th
day of July, 1863, was born in Cornish, N. H., October
6, 1836; was the son of Hon. John L. Putnam, of that
town.
After receiving the general advantages for education
which could, at that time, be obtained in the public schools
of his native town, and a neighboring academy, he, >vhen
a little more than sixteen years of age, received an
appointment as cadet at the West Point Academy, where
he graduated in 1857, with high honors, very near the
head of his class. He was at once attached to the regular
army, and from that time until a few months previous to
the rebellion he was stationed at different localities on the
western frontier. In all positions he proved a brave and
faithful officer, and invariabl}' won the highest esteem of
his superior officers. He was called upon at various times
while in the far West to endure long and tiresome marches,
and on one occasion the forces to which he was at the
time attached, were required to make a forced march t'rom
the coast to the Utah countr}-. It being in the winter sea-
son the troops suffered intensely from cold and hunger,
their last ration having been consumed the day before they
reached the vicinity of their destination, which was Salt
Lake City. In all these trials Colonel Putnam (then a
lieutenant) exhibited superior courage and a fixed deter-
mination to brave manfully all the dangers of his lot.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 461
When the dark clouds of secession raised their gloomy
forms in the Southern horizon, Lieutenant Putnam was at
once summoned to Washington, and was twice entrusted
with verbal messages of the highest importance to carry to
Fort Pickens, Fla. He traveled by rail through the
South, accomplished his task, and was returning the last
time to the North, when he was seized at Montgomery,
Ala., by the military authorities of that State and detained
several days. He was finally released and came back to
Washington. Soon after he was given an important posi-
tion on the staff of General McDowell, where he remained
until October 15, 1861, when he was commissioned by the
governor of New Hampshire as colonel of the Seventh
Regiment of Volunteers, which was being organized at
that time for the war.
While on the staff of General McDowell he performed
many arduous and responsible duties, and his superior
military talent was universally recognized and admitted.
In the first battle of Bull Run he was in the thickest of the
action, but escaped uninjured. When his services were
asked to take command of a regiment from his native State,
his heart filled with pleasure, but he modestly stated that
he thought himself too young for the responsible position.
Upon being further urged, however, he consented to the
proposition, and with the permission of the War Depart-
ment, at once hastened to the old Granite State, where a
thousand brave men welcomed their young commander
with the greatest enthusiasm.
In relation to his regiment Colonel Putnam, though a
strict disciplinarian, ever secured and retained the warm-
est afiection of his men. The soldiers who served under
him knew that in his heart there was love for each and
all of them, and in whatever position they were placed
they had implicit confidence in their commander. From
the day of his assuming command of the regiment, until he
462 History of the Seventh Regiment
fell upon the field of glory, not a single murmur or com-
plaint came back to New Hampshire from either officers
or men.
Among the most intimate of Colonel Putnam's classmates
was Fitzhugh Lee, son of Gen. Robert E. Lee, and after-
wards a noted general of the rebel army. That intimacy
was never broken until the commencement of the war.
At the time of General Fitzhugh Lee's marriage. Colonel
Putnam w^as in the West, yet he procured a leave of
absence and repaired to Virginia where he witnessed the
imposing nuptials. Just before the w'ar commenced, the
colonel received his last letter from young Lee, in which
the writer stated that he was discouraged and disheart-
ened and hardly knew what course to take. "I want to
stand by my countr}-," he said, "yet I believe the South
has been wronged." Colonel Putnam, in answering the
communication, implored his long cherished friend and
classmate to oppose the principles of secession, and stand
up for his country and her flag. This was the last of their
correspondence.
In religious connections he was an Episcopalian, and in
none of the eventful scenes of his life did he forget the
religious teachings of his youth.
Most of the time since the first attack on Sumter he had
been acting as brigade commander, and was so acting at
the time he fell.
On the night of the charge on Wagner, General Gill-
more — who was at that time in command of the forces on
Morris Island, and who had been watching the eftect upon
Fort Wagner of the shot and shell, which were fired by
the nav}- and land batteries, since noon of that day — called
up his division and brigade commanders for consultation ;
upon Colonel Putnam's return to his brigade it was learned
that an assault had been determined upon, contrary to his
advice, as he said. " I told the general," said he, " I did
New Hampshire Volunteers. 463
not think we could take the tort so, but Seymour over-
ruled me. Seymour is a devil of a fellow for dash." As
a topographical engineer, to which corps he was attached
in the regular army, his quick e3'e detected the utter
impossibility of rushing through a mile and a fourth of the
heaviest tire of shot and shell, and upon an earthwork
strong enough to hold twelve hundred men a whole day
under the concentrated fire of our fleet and land batteries
as safely as though they had been miles away.
His exact position on the parapet of Fort Wagner, at
the time of his death, as near as could ever be ascertained
by any of the Seventh Regiment, was near the southeast
angle, where, above the first line of parapet, was what
seemed to be another line of works just a few feet recessed
from the first and rising much higher, but w'hich was after-
wards found to be the immense roof or covering of the large
bomb-proof with which the fort was provided, on the top
of w^hich he was killed by a bullet through the head. In
the tumult and the darkness, and the almost utter impossi-
bility of crossing the line of fire between the tort and our line
of entrenchments, over a mile aw-ay, with such a burden, it
would have been impossible to have the body removed.
The rite of burial was therefore left to rebel hands.
Gen. Joseph C. Abbott.
Gen. Joseph C. Abbott was the son of Aaron Abbott, of
Concord, Merrimack County, N, H., and was born in
that city on the 15th day of July, 1825. He attended the
public schools of that city, and subsequently fitted for col-
lege under a private instructor, and attended school at
Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. Instead of entering
college, as he had designed, he read law w4th Hon. L. D.
Stevens, who was afterwards ma3-or of Concord ; subse-
quently he studied with Hon. David Cross, of Manches-
ter, and for a time with Hon. Asa Fowler, of Concord.
464 History of the Seventh Regiment
Having a very decided taste for literary pursuits he was
employed as editor of the "Manchester American," for
six months from April, 185 1, and for the following six
months was editor of the "New Hampshire Statesman,"
published at Concord. On the ist of May, 1852, he
removed to Manchester, and became permanently con-
nected with the "American" as its editor and proprietor,
until 1857, when he disposed of his interest in the paper
and the printing establishment connected with it. In May,
1S59, General Abbott became one of the editors and pro-
prietors of the " Boston Atlas and Bee," and so continued
until May, 1861. He was chairman of the committee that
reported the resolutions in the Whig Presidential State
Convention of New Hampshire, in 1852, and was a member
of the Whig State Central Committee two years, the last
of which he was chairman.
In July, 1856, General Abbott was appointed by the
governor and council, adjutant-general of the State, which
office he held until July 1861, when he resigned. For
several years he was an active and useful member of the
New Hampshire Historical Society, and always took a
lively interest in whatever related to the welfare of the
State. In 1858, while adjutant-general of the State, being
without any effective military organization, and feeling
that in time of peace we should be prepared for war, he
drafted an elaborate bill providing for a thorough organi-
zation of the volunteer militia of the State, and through his
activity and influence secured its enactment into a law,
which is, with some slight modifications, the law of New
Hampshire upon that subject still.
On the 2d day of September, 1861, General Abbott
received authority from the War Department to raise a
regiment of infantry in the State of New Hampshire.
About that time the State authorities were organizing four
regiments of intantry, a battery, a company of sharpshoot-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 465
ers, and a battalion of cavalry, making a very heavy draft
upon its available men. It was with some difficulty that
General Abbott could get the governor and council to
extend to him such assistance as was necessary to secure
the success of the undertaking, absorbed as they were in
other matters more immediately pressing upon them. By
his indomitable perseverance, however, he succeeded in
securing the requisite number of men and established the
headquarters of his regiment, which had been numbered
as the Seventh, at Manchester. Determined as he was
that this should be the model regiment from the State, he
desired that it should be commanded by a man with a
thorough military education, who had seen service in the
field ; hence he asked only for the lieutenant-colonelcy for
himself, and nominated Lieut. Haldimand S. Putnam, a
graduate of West Point, a native of Cornish this State,
and who had been in a responsible position on the staff of
General McDowell since the breaking out of the rebellion,
to the governor for colonel. Lieutenant Putnam was
accordingly commissioned, and General Abbott was com-
missioned lieutenant-colonel. Early in 1863, Colonel Put-
nam was placed in command of a brigade, and Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Abbott commanded the Seventh Regiment.
At the assault on Fort Wagner, on the i8th day of July,
1863, while bravely leading his brigade. Colonel Putnam
was killed. The Seventh Regiment was in his brigade,
under command of the lieutenant-colonel, and suffered a
loss of two hundred and twelve officers and men — killed,
wounded, and missing.
On the 2 2d of July, soon after this disastrous engage-
ment, Lieutenant-Colonel Abbott was promoted to be
colonel of his regiment, and commanded it in most of its
severe marches and bloody battles until the summer of
1864, when he assumed command of a brigade, after which
he was nearly all of the time, until the close of the war,
30
466
MIS'^()R^' oi-- THE Sk\-I'.n"Th Regiment
actinLi," lirijj.'adier-^cneral. He comnianded a l^rii^^ade at
Fort FisluT, X. C : was brc\'eticd for ^'allant ser\'ices on
that occasion, to tlatc from Januar\- 15, 1S65. General
Abbott was mustered out of the L'nited States ser\'ice with
his reu;iment : returned to the State with it and was dis-
char^'ed in x\u<4ust, 1865.
After the ch>se of the war. General Abbott, in company
with other gentlemen, purchased valualile timber lands in
North Carolina, removed to \VilminL;'ton. and enj^^aged
acti\"elv in the land and lumber business. He was a
member of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention,
which assembled at Raleiti,"h in November, 1867, and took
a leadinii," jxn-t on committees and in debate, showing an
intimate knowledge ot the political atlairs of the country;
and felt a deep interest in the action c>f his adopted State,
in the condition in which the war had left it. In April,
1S68, he was elected to the legislature, and in June. 1S6S,
General Abbott was elected I'nited States Senator from
North Carolina, for the term ending ^Earch 4, 1S71, in
which capacit\' lie serx'ed faithfully and well.
As a political and general newspaper writer. General
Abbott had few superiors in New England : as a politician,
he was active, careful, and conservati\'e : as adjutant-gen-
cral of the State when the war first broke out, he exhibited
true patriotism, the utmost energy and perseverance in
raising and putting into the field in the best possible con-
dition for ethcient ser\'ice, the troops called for by the
president. As a regimental and brigade commander, in
the held he was always cool and prudent, caretul of his
troops, gallant and learless of consequences to himselt,
and scrupulouslv faithful in the discharge of every duty.
As a true friend and thorough gentleman he had no supe-
rior in the countr\-. lie died suddenly at Wilmington,
N. C of brain disease, October 8, 1881, at the age of fifty-
six vears. His remains were brought to Manchester, N. H.,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 467
for final interment, March 30, 1887, and were received by
Louis Bell Post, G. A. R., escorted by the War Veter-
ans Drum Corps, and a delegation of the old Seventh
New Hampshire, consisting of Capt. J. F. Cotton, Capt.
Joseph Freschl, Lieut. H. F. W. Litde, Sergt. M. H.
Johnson, Corp. C. C. Bunce, N. R. Bixby, C. A. Jones,
Samuel McElroy, D. L. Ordway, and Robert Alsop, who
acted as pall bearers. His remains now rest in the Valley
Cemetery, one of the most beautiful in New England, and
each Memorial Day his grave is fittingly decorated by the
Grand Armv of the Republic. His widow resided at No.
1,328 I street, North Washington, D. C, and had a posi-
tion in the Treasury Department in 1892.
Lieut, Col. Thomas A. Henderson.
Lieut. Col. Thomas A. Henderson was a son of Capt.
Samuel H. Henderson, and was born in Dover, Strafford
County, N. H., December i, 1833. He completed his
preparatory studies at Gilmanton Academy, and entered
Bowdoin College in the fall of 185 1, graduating with dis-
tinction, at the head of his class, in 1855. During the three
succeeding years he was principal of the Franklin Acad-
emy, in Dover, where he was a popular and successful
teacher. He read law in the office of Messrs. Woodman
& Doe, of Dover, and finished his course at Harvard Law
School in 1861, where he exhibited marked ability as a
scholar and debater. He w^on the highest prize for a
legal essay, and received the degree of LL. B. Soon
after his graduation he was admitted to the Sufiblk County
Bar, of Massachusetts, with every prospect of success in
his chosen profession. The dark war clouds of secession
iratherincr awav on the Southern horizon had broken in all
the fury of a terrible devastating rebellion, and believing
that every good citizen owed his first duty to his govern-
ment, he at once determined to enter the army. With
468 History of the Seventh Regiment
this end in view he went to Norwich, Vt., where he
remained several months, under military instruction and
drill; then in November, 1S61, accepted the position of
adjutant of the Seventh N. H. Volunteers.
Upon the death of Major Smith, in August, 1862, on the
urgent recommendation of Colonel Putnam, Adjutant Hen-
derson was commissioned major. In the bloody assault on
Fort Wagner, on the i8th of July, 1863, Major Henderson
acted as aide-de-camp to Colonel Putnam, who in com-
mand of a brigade was killed at their head in that terrible
charge, and in consequence of whose death Lieutenant-
Colonel Abbott was promoted to colonel, and Major Hen-
derson to be lieutenant-colonel, on the 22d of the same
month. He subsequently served on the staff of General
Seymour, and was provost marshal of Florida during the
campaign which resulted in the disastrous battle of Olus-
tee. In the spring of 1S64, the Seventh Regiment was
transferred to Virginia, and Lieutenant-Colonel Hender-
son led his command in the battle of Drury's Bluff, where
his skill and gallantry elicited the highest commendations
from the commanding general. He also commanded his
regiment in the engagement at Deep Bottom, on the i6th
of August, 1864, and received a mortal wound in the hip,
which severed the principal artery, from which, despite all
that surgical skill and attention could do, he died in a few
hours. His body was embalmed and sent home in charge
of Chaplain Emerson, and was buried on September 2, in
Pine Hill Cemetery, in the City of Dover, amid the mourn-
ing of a large circle of relatives and friends. Thus per-
ished, while in the faithful discharge of duty, another brave
and talented officer, and a noble, earnest patriot.
Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson was a man of ver}- supe-
rior ability and hne attainments, of inflexible morality, and
stainless purity of life. In the army he discharged every
duty with fidelity and patriotic devotion, which, with his
New Hampshire Volunteers. 469
uniform cheerfulness and kindness, made him a favorite
with all, of whatever rank or degree. In his death, glo-
rious though it was, the city of his birth, his State, his
regiment, and the nation, met with a sad loss. The histo-
rian of the Seventh Regiment served in the capacity of
sergeant-major while Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson was
adjutant of the regiment from its arrival at Fort Jefferson,
Fla., until his promotion as major, and being very closely
connected with the duties of the adjutant's office during
that time, a period of nine months, and being constantly
under the personal supervision and in immediate contact
with Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson in the performance of
the duties of that office, he can bear testimony that, for
gentlemanly qualities, habits of the strictest morality,
cheerfulness of manner and temperament, and kindness of
heart, Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson was never excelled.
Col. Augustus W. Rollins.
Col. Augustus W. Rollins, son of Augustus and Abiah
Rollins, a direct descendant of Judge Ichabod Rollins, the
first judge of probate under the State government of New
Hampshire, and of James Rawlins, who emigrated to
America in 1632, and settled in that part of Dover called
Newington in 1644 ; he was born in that part of Somers-
worth now called Rollinsford, on the old homestead, on
April 27, 1831.
He attended the schools of his native town, and also
attended Gilmanton Academy in 1S50 and 1S51 ; in 1852,
he took a thoroucrh course in Comer's Commercial Col-
lege, at Boston, Mass. In 1853, he went to Illinois,
where he was for a few years engaged as civil engineer
on the Alton & Terre Haute railroad, and was afterwards
encracred as civil eno-ineer on the Dover & Winnipesaukee
railroad. In 1859, ^^^ commenced business in Dover as a
merchant, and continued at this occupation until the tail
470 History of the Seventh Regiment
of 1861, when he assisted in organizing a company in
Dover, entering the service as captain of Company F,
Seventh N. H. Volunteers; was promoted to major July
23, 1863 ; and to lieutenant-colonel September 30, 1864.
He participated in the bloody assaults upon Fort Wag-
ner, in the disastrous battle of Olustee, Fla., Deep Run,
New Market Heights, and October 7, 1864, at the battle of
Laurel Hill, Va., where he had his horse shot from under
him. In falling, the colonel was injured severely. The
horse was known as "Old Gray," and the colonel was at
that moment near the right of the regiment, but a few feet
from the writer of this, the historian, and the shots of the
rebels were telling fast for a few moments along the whole
line. He was with his regiment in front of Petersburg,
and on the various expeditions out beyond the Darbytown
Road. At the storming of Fort Fisher he was in com-
mand of his regiment, and for gallantry at that place was
brevetted colonel of United States Volunteers.
At the close of the war he was mustered out with his
regiment : for a number of years was colonel of one of the
State militia regiments, and was a member of the State
legislature in 1869. He died of congestion of the lungs,
February 16, 1870, at the age of thirty-nine years, on the
old homestead where he was born, leaving three sisters
who were living on the farm in 1893, and one brother,
Hon. S. W. Rollins, of Meredith, N. H., who was judge
of probate for Belknap County, at the time this was writ-
ten.
Colonel Rollins was a genial, kind hearted man ; brave,
generous, and kind in all his relations, strong in his
attachments, and devoted to his friends. He entered the
service in good health with an iron constitution, and came
out of it broken down in health, and with his constitution
completely shattered. He survived his army service less
than five years, and died lamented and mourned by a
large circle of friends.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 471
Maj. Daniel S.^iith.
Maj. Daniel Smith was a son of Winthrop Smith, Esq.,
of Durham, Strafford County, N. H. He was born at
that place on the 27th of January, 1823. After graduat-
ing from the public schools of his native town, he
attended, for several terms, the academies at Greenland
and Pittsfield. In early life he adopted the business of
land surveyor, which, to him, proved eminently success-
ful. In 1850, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of
the Twenty-fifth Regiment of New Hampshire militia ;
and besides, filled many positions of honor and trust in
his native town. In 1854, he removed to Dover, and
from 1855 to i860 he was a deputy sheriff for Strafford
County, city marshal of Dover lor three years, and a
representative from that city to the popular branch of the
New Hampshire legislature in 1S60 and 1861. For his
character as a man, and for the many desirable qualities
he possessed for the position, he was appointed and com-
missioned major of the Seventh Regiment, on the 15th of
October, 1861. He went with his regiment to New York
city, thence to Fort Jefferson, Fla., where he served ably
and acceptably as provost marshal, until the regiment
moved to Beaufort, S. C, where he was seized with
fever ; he was permitted to go home on a leave of absence,
arriving at his home in a very feeble condition, and died
on the 26th of August, 1862, leaving a widow and four
children. As a citizen. Major Smith was highly respected
and discharged all official and public duties with intelli-
gence and fidelity. While in the army, his promptness,
valor, and uniform cheerfulness and kindness to the offi-
cers and men won for him the confidence, respect, and
affection of all with whom he became associated.
472 History of the Seventh Regiment
Maj. Jeremiah S. Durgin.
Jeremiah Smith Durgin, son of John and Susan Durgin,
was born in Canterbury, N. H., December 19, 1810.
He was married, November 28, 1S38, to CaroHne Farnum,
and followed the trade of carpenter and joiner until 1841,
and resided in West Concord, N. H. He then moved to
Springfield, N. H., and engaged in the hotel business at
the old Stickney stand, this being in the olden time when
traveling was almost wholl}' performed by stages ; in
1844, he removed to Andover Centre, N. H., and kept the
Moulton stand, a well known tavern in those days, remain-
ing there a few years, when he leased the old Kearsarge
House, a noted hostelry at Potter Place, N. H. While
residing at this place the New Hampshire Northern rail-
road was constructed, which wholly destroyed the old-time
stage traffic. In 185 1, he removed to Fisherville (now
Penacook), N. H., where he leased the Washington
House, of which he was landlord nearl}- all of the time
until his enlistment in the Seventh New Hampshire, and
during a portion of the time held the position of deputy
sheriff, and was for a time one of the town officers.
He early showed a love for military training, and was
commissioned as major of the Eleventh Regiment of New
Hampshire militia, as earlv as 1839 ' ^^ ^^^^ breaking out
of the rebellion in 1861, he at once began to assist in rais-
ing troops for the service : and in the fall of that year
was largely instrumental in raising Company E, of the
Seventh New Hampshire ; was commissioned captain of
that company November 12, 1861 ; was detailed as pro-
vost marshal at St. Augustine, Fla., during the time the
Seventh was stationed at that post. He followed the for-
tunes of the regiment, serving with distinction, and was
very popular with the company he commanded. Captain
Durgin was promoted to major September 30, 1864, and
when the regiment was ordered to North Carolina, he was
New Hampshire Volunteers. 473
left in charge of the convalescent camp in Virginia, and
reported to his regiment soon after the taking of Fort
Fisher ; was mustered out with the other officers of the
regiment, July 20, 1865, . and returned to his home in
Fisherville (now Penacook), N. H. ; but the exposure
incident to his army life caused disabilities which com-
pletely wrecked his health and increased in severity each
year, until January 19, 1867, when he died very suddenly
of apoplexy. He had three sons in the service, two in the
Second New Hampshire, and one in the Eighteenth N. H.
Volunteers.
Major Durgin was a man of fine physique, affable and
kind ; beloved by both officers and men. He would pay
strict attention to a complaint from an enlisted man and
would do his utmost to correct any mistake whereby any
soldier would in the least be wronged. When captain of
Company E, he alwa3's took the best of care of his men,
and carefully saw that his company received their rations
and clothing as the Army Regulations provided ; and he
exerted a sort of fatherly care over Company E, which
the men never forgot, and which the survivors of that com-
pany and other members of the regiment will always
remember.
Surg. W. W. Brown.
Surg. William Whittier Brown was born in Vershire,
Vt., in 1805, and after attending the schools in his native
town, he continued his studies at the academies of Brad-
ford and Randolph, Vt., and in 1825 he was a pupil in
the academy at Hudson, N. Y. In 1827 and 1828, he
taught school in the State of New York ; at the age of
twenty-three he began the study of medicine with John
Poole, M. D., at Bradford, Vt. He attended lectures at
Hanover, N. H., and graduated from the New Hampshire
Medical Institution in 1830. He at once went into prac-
474 IIIsT()i<^■ ()!" Tin: Si:\i:ntii Recji-MEnt
tice at Poplin (now FrenioiU), in this State, and remained
there until i^^^^S' '^vhen he removed to Chester, N. II.,
where he remained ten years, enjo\ini^ the contidence of
the people, and havini;' an extensive practice.
Desiring to supplement his earl\- advantages by further
studv and observation of the practice of others, he went to
New York in 1S43, attended a course ot" lectures, and dili-
gently followed the best clinical teachers through the hos-
pitals. His tit'teen years' practice had disclosed to him his
deficiencies, and he labored zealous!}- to remove them : he
finally returned to New Hampshire with his mind well
stored with new ideas and all the recent improvements in
surgery and practice. He now, in 1S46, removed to Man-
chester, N. H., and soon had an extensive business, many
of his old patrons in Chester and the neighboring towns
having jione to the citv bel'ore him, and manv more still
insisting that he should be their reliance in distress. To
meet these demands of his old friends he was obliged to
start very early in the morning in order to be back in sea-
son for his day's work in the city. Very few men could
have endured those long journe3's in all weathers as he
did, uncomplainingly even in advanced lite.
He was in California one year, including portions ot
1S49 and 1S50, and brought home quite a handsome sum
of money, accumulated by medical practice there, which
he invested in real estate in Manchester, N. H., erectinij
the brick block on Elm street, known as Brown's block.
In 1861, he was appointed surgeon of the Seventh Regi-
ment of N. H. Volunteers, and served until Jul}^ 22, 1S64,
when he was obliged to resign on account of ill health.
He contracted malarial lever which was followed by
chronic diarrhcea, from the etlects of which lie never
recovered. He also received an injury which resulted in
a severe case of hernia, incurred on a forced march,
while in Florida, in Februar}-, 1864, for which he migiit
New Hampshire Volunteers. 475
readily have obtained a pension, but he never appHed.
He was genial, kind-hearted, and seemed like a father to
the younger members of the regiment, in cases of sick-
ness when they were brought to the hospital and placed
in his charge ; he exercised that kindly, fatherly care
towards them that endeared him to every soldier, and the
best monument he could have is the kindly regards and the
high esteem in which his memory is held by every surviving
comrade of the Seventh New Hampshire ; and the men-
tion of his name at any gathering of the members of the
regiment will at once touch a most tender and sympathetic
chord. His rank, which was that of major on the regi-
mental stati', did not place him beyond the reach of any
member of the regiment. He was very easily approached ;
was affable and gentle in his manner, and gave the same
consideration and attention to a private soldier that he
would to a general officer. At the time of his appoint-
ment as surgeon, at the formation of the regiment, he
appointed, with the approval of Colonel Putnam, his son
Willie as hospital steward, who remained in the service
until the discharge of the three years' men. Another son,
Charles L., was sergeant-major of the Fourth New Hamp-
shire, was promoted to second lieutenant, and died in the
service, June 3, 1863,
After returning home from the service Doctor Brown
was appointed pension examining surgeon, which position
he soon after resigned as it consumed too much of the
time which he desired to devote to his regular practice ;
and the remuneration for such services paid by the gov-
ernment at that time was wholly inadequate for the amount
of work to be performed.
He was made a Fellow of the New Hampshire Medical
Society in 1836. As a physician and surgeon he was
eminently successlul. He was a member of the Masonic
Fraternity ; a member of the Congregational Church ; and
476 History of the Seventh Regiment
was post surgeon of Louis Bell Post, G. A. R., at the
time of his death. He had received the honorary degree
of A. M., from Dartmouth College, as a merited compli-
ment to his professional ability, patriotism, business
capacity, and personal worth.
He died January 6. 1874, ^^ ^^^ ^g^ ^f sixty-eight
years, from pneumonia, leaving a widow, the sole sur-
vivor of the family, but who is now deceased.
Surg. Sylvanus Bunton.
Surg. Sylvanus Bunton was born in Allenstown, N. H.,
March 8, 181 2, and was the son of Andrew and Lavinia
(Holden) Bunton. His family was of Scotch-Irish deri-
vation, and was undoubtedly represented among the stal-
wart defenders, in the early times, of Londonderr}-, N. H.
The grandfather of Dr. Bunton enlisted as a soldier early
in the Revolutionary War ; was present at the battle of
Bunker Hill, and was afterwards killed at the battle of
White Plains, in 1776. Doctor Bunton's mother was the
daughter of David Holden, who served as a first sergeant
during the French and Indian War, before the Revolution,
and who settled in Townsend, Mass., but afterwards
removed to Hollis, N. H.
Doctor Bunton acquired his early education in the com-
mon schools of Gofistown, N. H., and at the age of seven-
teen went to Qiiincy, Mass., and learned the trade of stone-
mason, and during his apprenticeship taught in district
schools in winter. About this time a severe attack of typhoid
fever prostrated him so that he was obliged to abandon the
hard manual labor incumbent upon the stone-mason's trade,
and in the fall of 1833 he attended Pembroke Academy for
the purpose of preparing himself for college. In 1836,
he entered Dartmouth College, and was graduated in 1840.
Impaired health at that time necessitated a change of
climate, and in 1841 he went to Georgetown, D. C, and
New Hampshire Volunteers. 477
for several years was a teacher in select classical schools
at Georgetown, D. C, Elkridge Landing, and Queen
Anne, Anne Arundel County, Md. While at the latter
place he commenced the study of medicine, attending lec-
tures at the Washington University, of Baltimore. Here
he graduated and was elected a resident physician to their
hospital, fultilling these duties for more than a year.
Returning to New Hampshire in 1S46, he was married
on December 17th of that year to Clara E. Conant, of
Hollis, N. H., and located in Manchester, N. H., where
he established a large practice, and also held many of the
responsible offices of the city until the breaking out of the
War of the Rebellion. While residing in Manchester he
became connected with the State militia, and as early as
1848 was commissioned as surgeon of the Ninth Regi-
ment, with the rank of major, which position he held for
two years.
At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion his
patriotism led him to volunteer his services to the national
cause ; he was commissioned by Governor Berry, July 29,
1862, as assistant surgeon of the Second N. H. Volunteers,
with the rank of first lieutenant, and at once started for
the front ; but on reaching Washington he was detained by
the surgeon-general and was put on duty at the jNIount
Pleasant General Hospital, where he remained for several
months, caring for the wounded from the battlefields of
Antietam and South Mountain. In December, 1862, he
finally joined his regiment near Fredericksburg, and was
closely identified with the active service of the Second
New Hampshire, until June, 1864. After the battle of
Gettysburg he remained at that place for a number of
weeks on detached hospital duty, finally rejoining his regi-
ment at Point Lookout, Md., where a large prison camp
for Confederate prisoners of war had been established.
To Doctor Bunton was assigned the organization of the
478 History of the Seventh Regiment
medical department of this prison camp, and tor several
months he was its surgeon-in-chief. A small-pox epidemic
of a virulent form broke out about this time among the
prisoners, and by reason of his previous experience, espe-
cially with that disease while in Baltimore, Doctor Bunton
was relieved from duty at the prison camp and placed in
charge of the small-pox hospital, where he continued
until the ravages of the disease had ceased.
In May, 1864, he rejoined his regiment in Virginia,
participating with them in the battle of Cold Harbor, and
upon the expiration of the three years' term of the regi-
ment he was mustered out of service and returned to New
Hampshire. He was immediately appointed by Governor
Gilmore as assistant surgeon of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire, June 24, 1864, and upon the resignation of Surgeon
William W. Brown, he was promoted to surgeon with the
rank of mai'or, to date from August 24, 1864. He was
with the regiment during the remainder of its service, and
was mustered out of service with his regiment, July 20,
1865, at Goldsboro, N. C.
Upon returning North at\er the war, he located in
Hollis, N. H.. where he resided for about two years, and
then removed to Mont Vernon, N. H., where he continued
in active practice of his profession until failing health and
disability, occasioned by his arm}' service, compelled him
to retire. His wife died at Mont Vernon in 1S73. and he
was subsequenth' married, in 1S74, ^^ Miss Sarah Jane
Trevitt, of that town, who survives him. His death
occurred August 13, 1884. A son also survives him,
Henry S. Bunton, who served as hospital steward of the
Seventh New Hampshire during the latter part of its serv-
ice, and now resides at Hyde Park, Mass.
Doctor Bunton was a man of humane and benevolent
disposition, which qualities were peculiarly marked in his
conscientious dischariie of his duties durin<i his armv serv-
New Hampshire Volunteers, 479
ice. Every member of the Seventh New Hampshire will
remember the kind and tatherly devotion shown by him in
administering to their wants, and his selt-sacritice and
kindness shown in behalf of the sick and wounded will
never be forgotten. To them he invariably displayed the
vitmost devotion.
While at Point Lookout, Md., he was highly respected
and beloved by the Confederate prisoners who came under
his care, and for years after the war, and, in fact, during
the remainder of his life, he was in constant receipt of let-
ters from different parts of the South expressive of the
affection and recrnrd in which he was held bv those whom
he had befriended in a professional way, and whom he
had so kindl}' cared for in sickness, while they were prison-
ers of war. He was a man of sincere religious convic-
tions and of unquestioned integrity. Indeed, the estima-
tion in which he was held by those who knew him best may
be fully expressed in the w^ords, " He was a true, Christian
gentleman."
AssT. Surg. Henry Boynton.
Asst. Surg. Henr}' Boynton was born in Pepperell,
Mass., December 2, 1823, and received his early educa-
tion in the schools of that town, and titted for college at
Pepperell Academy and at Black River Academy, in Lud-
low, \"t. He received his college education at Williams
College and at Dartmouth, and after graduating with honors
commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Nehemiah Cut-
tier, of Pepperell, and Dr. B. R. Palmer, president of the
Vermont Medical College, at Woodstock, Vt., where he
graduated in 1852.
His first year after graduation was passed in the West,
where he was enfjafied in lecturing before teachers' insti-
tutes and other institutions of learning, and finally settled
down to the practice of medicine in Hollis, N. H., in 1854,
480 History of the Seventh Regiment
and remained there till 1859, ^'ter which he traveled ex-
tensively through the South, spending six months in the
State of Texas during the years i860 and 1861, just pre-
vious to the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion,
and he was there when General Twiggs surrendered the
United States tbrces under his command to the Texas
authorities. Returning home a few days before Sumter
was fired upon by the rebels, he aided and assisted in the
first war meeting or gathering held in Nashua, N. H., and
did much to forward the recruitment of the ditTerent organi-
zations which at that time were being formed. He was
offered and accepted a commission as assistant surgeon in
the Seventh Regiment N. H. Volunteers, and entered upon
that service in September, 1861, and was with the regi-
ment constantly, without ever having had a day's leave of
absence till late in the autumn of 1863. His health be-
coming much impaired he resigned his commission, and
was discharged for disability January 24, 1864.
During his entire service. Doctor Boynton was a univer-
sal favorite of the men, and he performed the duties in-
cumbent upon him in a kindly manner, and the inmates of
the hospitals and sick and wounded men of our regiment
will always remember the devotion and kindness shown
by him in his attendance upon them, catering in ever}^ way
possible for their comfort ; it was Doctor Boynton who
was selected to go to Bird Key, Fla., w'ith our small-pox
patients while we were at Fort Jefferson, a ver}- unpleasant
and dangerous detail, which he kindly took upon himself
to perform ; again at St. Augustine we well remember
him starting and teaching a singing school, and quite a
number of the men from Company H were members of
the school. While at St. Augustine his horse was cap-
tured by guerrillas under the rebel Captain Dickinson, at
the time Lieutenant Cate and Samuel Ridell, one of our
sutlers, were taken prisoners. This was quite a loss for
the doctor, and he telt very badly about it at the time.
New HAMrsHiRE Volunteers. 481
After the war he settled in Woodstock, Vt., and began
the practice of medicine, and has followed his profession to
the present time, being very successful as a physician and
having a large practice. He is widely known as a lecturer,
and is quite popular among the members of the Grand
Army of the Republic, and has frequent calls for lectures.
His residence at the present time is Woodstock, N. H.
John H. Horsfall.
John H. Horsfall, of Company H, was born in Halifax,
Yorkshire, Eng., July 21, 1842, and received his educa-
tion in private and academic schools, but owing to the
death of his father he was compelled to leave his studies
before finishing the courses contemplated by him, and
hoping to meet with greater success in his business life he
came to the United States in 1861 ; during that year he
joined the United States forces at Buffalo, N. Y., enlisting
in the Twenty-fifth N. Y. Volunteers, a two years' regi-
ment, and serving the unexpired term of that regiment ;
he saw much active service in the Army of the Potomac,
to which his regiment belonged, and although acting as
regimental secretary he performed duty in the line, and
won recognition for gallantry in tlie seven days' operations
before Richmond, Va., which led to his recommendation
for a commission. He was, however, mustered out of serv-
ice with his regiment, in New York city, in July, 1863.
In October of that year, he again enlisted and was assigned
to Company H, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, being mus-
tered into service October 15, 1863, and joined the regi-
ment at Morris Island, S. C, and was on detached service
much of the time until December i, 1864, when he was
promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant.
Lieutenant Horsfall remained with the regiment until
its muster out of service, July 20, 1865, and was post
adjutant of Wilmington, N. C, and of Goldsboro, N. C,
31
482 History of tiii-: .Sfaentii Rkgi.ment
and lor a time was aclini;" assistant adjutant-ncncral of the
briy;.uk' to which his icLiimcnt was attached. lie was
l")rc\'etted captain for gallantry at the storming of Fort
Fisher. During" the canipaii;'!! in North Carohna, and chu'-
ing the period of reconstruction from the time the so called
Confederacy collapsed until the muster-out of the regi-
ment. Captain Ilorsi'all had severe and arduous duty to
perform, which caused him at times to ha\e a corps ol"
clerks and orderlies husil\- engag'ed in the distribution to
refui^ees, contrabands, prisoners, and thousands of desti-
tute people, tlieir daih' rations, which dut\' required much
tact and e\ecuti\e ability.
After the w;ir Captain Ilorsfall \isited for a brief period
his friends in ICn^^dand, and upon his retiu'n settled in New
York city, following" the occupation of interior decorator,
and at once joined the National Guard of the State of
New York : enlistini;- as a private in 1S66, in the Twelfth
Rei^iment, N. \'. N. G., he was promoted to second lieuten-
ant, and resij^nied trom that rei;"iment to accept a position
as fn\st lieutenant in the Twenty-second Regiment: was
promoted captain, and became major of this regiment,
which position he held nearh' fi\e years, resigning in
October. 1S81.
Cai^t. Jonathan F. Cotton.
Capt. Jonathan Folsom Cotton was born in Ellsworth,
N. II.. Miirch TO, 1819. lie was the son of Samuel and
Mary Folsom Cotton. While the cajHain was a small
child his parents removed to Dover, N. 1!., where he
attended school, and while \'et a voung man he went to
LfOwell, Mass., where he was emploNed as a clerk in a
store for li\e \ears. lie married Clara Tuttle, from
Strallord, N. II., b\- whom he had one daughter. Return-
ing from Lowell, he opened a store in Dover, and was in
business in that city for some years : when the war broke
New Hampshire Volunteers. 483
out he began recruiting for the army, having in the mean
time disposed of his store. He recruited a company for
the Seventh Regiment, which was the first company mus-
tered into that organization, and he was commissioned
captain of Company A, October 29, 1861, and was the
ranking captain of the regiment, and served with distinc-
tion until his ill health obliged him to resign his commis-
sion, which he did February 3, 1864. After leaving the
service he removed to Concord, N. H., and was employed
by J. H. Pearson & Co., but later went into business for
himself, which he successfully conducted until his place
of business was burned a few months previous to his
death. His wife died in 1877.
Captain Cotton married Mrs. Elizabeth N. Stevens, of
Lakeport, N. H., November 27, 1879, ^y '^^''^om he is sur-
vived. His death occurred December 14, 1887, and was
quite sudden. It was caused from heart disease and a
complication of diseases incident to the service, and three
years later his daughter passed away.
By those comrades who were best acquainted with Cap-
tain Cotton, his death was most keenly felt. He will be
sadly missed by his associates of the Seventh N. H. Vet-
eran Association, by the members of which he was loved,
honored, and respected, among whom he was ever a
leader in all enterprises pertaining to the benefit of the
association. He served a period as president of the regi-
mental association. When a building for headquarters
was contemplated by the survivors of the Seventh Regi-
ment, Captain Cotton was elected president of the build-
ing committee, which office he filled acceptably until his
death. None labored harder or more earnestly, or con-
tributed time or money more cheerfully, for the ultimate
success of our enterprise.
For some years Captain Cotton had been the surviving
senior officer in his regiment, in fact since the death of the
late Gen. Joseph C. Abbott. It was a noticeable fact that
484 History of the Seventh Regiment
he had attended every reunion of our organization since
the war, and with pride he had preserved, and wore in
their respective order, all the badges of the different years
of these reunions. There were no original members of
the Seventh who did not know him, and to know him was
to love and respect him. Always ready for duty, a strict
disciplinarian, a kind-hearted, generous commander — the
regret of every soldier under his command was apparent
when circumstances, over which he had no control, com-
pelled him to sever his connection with the company and
regiment of his choice.
On duty we remember his kindly admonitions, his
impartial manner in the performance of his duties : his con-
stant watchfulness over the affairs and details of his
company ; and above all, in intercourse with his men his
conversation was always that ot a Christian gentleman.
His pleasant smile and hearty grip of welcome we shall
have no more, but his memory we will ever cherish, and
until the last comrade fails to attend our annual reunions,
the name of Capt. J. F. Cotton will not be forgotten.
He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and of E. E.
Sturtevant Post, No. 2, G. A. R., Concord, N. H. His
funeral was largely attended at the Pleasant Street Baptist
Church, in that city, where he was a constant attendant.
His widow resides in Concord, N. H.
Cai't. Ori.ando Lawrence.
Capt. Orlando Lawrence was born at Clarendon, Vt.,
August 15, 1832, and came of Revolutionary stock, being
the grandson of Nicholas Lawrence, who enlisted in the
Revolutionary Army in 1778, at the age of fourteen years,
and served until peace was declared in 1783.
The education of Captain Lawrence was only such as
was furnished by the district schools of his native town,
which were considered very good for the times. He was
New Hampshire Volunteers. 485
taught to work upon a farm, but at the age of twenty he
went to Nashua, N. H., where he worked in mechan-
ical shops for a few years, when the restlessness of the
times and his desire to see other parts of the country
led him to enlist in the Regular Army, and he was selected
for the First U. S. Cavalry, then forming, which was
commanded by Col. Edwin V. Sumner. By good con-
duct and strict attention to duty, he was soon promoted to
first sergeant of Troop A, of that regiment. His term
of enlistment for tive years, in the Regular Army, was
no light or easy service, as at that time the Indians were
almost always on the war path. He took part in four
campaigns against the savages, which included a large
number of engagements. He had one year of almost con-
stant service in Kansas, during the border ruffian days ;
his regiment being one of those ordered there by the War
Department, at the solicitation of the governor, for the
purpose of suppressing disturbances in that territory.
Captain Lawrence had many exciting adventures dur-
ing this year's service, among which was the capturing of
John Brown, of Kansas and Harper's Ferry fame, and
also the Free Soil governor.
At the expiration of his enlistment he received his dis-
charge at Fort Arbuckle, Chickasaw Reservation, Ark.,
April 10, i860, and returned to his home in Nashua, N. H.
Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he promptly
enlisted in Company F, First Regiment N. H. Volunteers,
commanded by Captain Augustus Edgerly ; was mustered
in as first sergeant, serving in that capacity until the regi-
ment was mustered out of service at the expiration of its
term of three months' service.
Returning to Nashua, N. H., he soon received authority
to recruit a company, which he did successfully, and with
himself as captain, the company was mustered into
service the following November, as Company B, Seventh
486 History of the Seventh Regiinient
N. H. Volunteers. He served with his recjiment at Fort
Jefferson, Fla., Beaufort, S. C, and resigned while
stationed at St. Augustine, Fla., in October, 1862.
For a short time afterwards he served as volunteer aid
on the staff of General Brannon, and during that time
took part in the battle of Pocotaligo, S. C, October 22,
1862.
Upon returning North he soon obtained work in the
repair department of the Pacific Corporation, at Lawrence,
Mass., where he is still employed.
He was married to Mrs. Alma J. Clarke, of Milford,
N. H., November 27, 1861. He is a member of the
Grand Army of the Republic, and the N. H. Veterans'
Association, also of the First and Seventh Regiment Vet-
eran Associations, and is a past president of the latter
organization.
Capt, James M. Chase.
Capt. James Morse Chase was born in Hopkinton,
N. H., December 7, 1829. He died in Germantown, Phil-
adelphia, Penn., March 14, 1888, of typhoid pneumonia,
and a lung trouble which had existed since his service, and
from which he suffered during the war. His father was
Rev. Moses B. Chase, a cousin of Hon. Salmon P. Chase,
and was at that time located in Hopkinton as rector of St.
Andrew's Episcopal Church, and was afterwards a chap-
lain in the United States navy and resided in Cambridge,
Mass. His mother was Sarah Curtis Joynes, of Accomac
County, eastern shore of Virginia. He was the third of a
family of six children, of whom two sisters residing in
Cambridge, Mass., survived him. His early education
was conducted at Hopkinton, N. H., Academy, and upon
his father's removal to Cambridge, Mass., he was trans-
ferred to the Hopkins Classical School, which at that time
(1844) was in charge of E. B. Whitman, Esq.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 487
Captain Chase entered Harvard University in 1846, and
graduated with honors in 1850, receiving besides a special
certificate for proficiency in Greek. He was for a time
engaged as a private tutor, and in 1853 received from his
alma mater the degree of A. M., became a student in the
law office of Daniel Webster, graduated at the Harvard
Law School, subsequently, and was admitted to tiie bar of
Suffolk County, August 20, 1856.
He established himself in the practice of law at No. 6
Court street, Boston, and at the breaking out of the war
was in partnership with Edward Banfield, who was after-
wards solicitor of the treasury, under the firm name of
Chase & Banfield, and he was for several years previous
to the war a member of the city council of Cambridge,
Mass., and clerk of that bod}-.
October 30, 1861, he was married to Sarah Hall Tyler,
daughter of Dr. Cyril C. Tyler, a noted physician of Hop-
kinton, N. H., and a descendant of Gen. Israel Putnam of
Connecticut.
In the fall of 1861, Captain Chase began recruiting for
the Seventh N. H. Volunteers, and was mustered into the
United States service, November 6, 1861, as captain of
Company D, being the third captain in rank, and his com-
pany being the color company of the regiment and occupy-
ing the position of right centre, or fifth company in line.
He was honorably mustered out of service December 30,
1864, by reason of expiration of term of service, at
Chapin's Farm, Va. He was in nearly every engagement
in which his regiment took part, although suffering much
from illness during a portion of his service.
After leaving the service he resided in Philadelphia,
where he was engaged as tutor and teacher. He was a
member of the Harvard Alumni Association of Philadel-
phia, and of the University Club, and a member of the
Masonic Fraternity. A widow, three sons, and two daugh-
ters survive him. The widow now resides in Philadelphia.
488 History of the Seventh Regiment
Captain Chase was a kind-hearted, genial gentleman,
correct in his deportment, and beloved by his brother
officers, and always bore himself with the dignity becom-
ing his rank and station. He was brave as the bravest,
always foremost at the front, and always ready for duty,
and had the utmost confidence of his men. Having been
one of the first men enlisted in Company D, we had ample
opportunity to know him well, and our duties bringing us
continually under his supervision during the three years of
his service, we can speak of him from personal knowledge.
We well remember our first acquaintance with him, and
how by his manly yet dignified bearing and kindly affable
manner he won our confidence, and we shall always re-
member the precise manner in which he performed his
duties, allowing no mistakes in his drill and official busi-
ness, and equal to any emergency ; not excitable, quick
of perception, giving character and tone to the service by
good habits morally, and by the blending of able, soldierly
qualities with those of scholarly attainments. He could
as easily and ably have filled the position of brigadier-
general as that of captain.
At the battle of Morris Island, S. C, July 10, 1863, we
remember him handling his compan}' in a splendid man-
ner, looking after the smallest detail, and again on the
march up through Florida, and at the battle of Olustee we
touched elbows going into the charge and at the close we
came out together, and we noticed how well he held his
company in line after the troops had broken ; again
out on the New Market road, Va., he was in charge of
the picket line, and a heavy charge was made by the
enemy just at night, driving in our pickets, and we noticed
particularly that Captain Chase was about the last one in,
and saved his men from capture. At the battle of Laurel
Hill, October 7, 1864, he held his company in its place
in line against one of the heaviest field charges we ever
saw.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 489
To the men of old Company D he was ever a steadfast
friend, and the few members of that company that survive
him will miss him, for he had always a kindly interest for
their welfare. We shall ever cherish his memory while
yet one of his comrades survive, and we will fondly hope
that one by one, as our camp-fires burn out and the phan-
tom relief guard silently beckons us to "fall in " to report
for muster " over the river," that we may surely recognize
the guiding spirit of our late captain and commander, and
that old-time touch of elbow to elbow and shoulder to
shoulder. Bravest of the brave, generous and kind-
hearted, Capt. James Morse Chase, forever farewell.
Capt. Nathan M. Ames.
Capt. Nathan M. Ames was the only son of William
Ames, Esq., and L3'dia (Merrill) Ames, and was born in
Hollis, N. H., June 27, 1827. Captain Ames settled in
Hollis as a farmer, and continued in that occupation until
the breaking out of the civil war in 1861. Naturally
vigorous and active, he manifested great energy in all
enterprises he undertook, and was ever earnestly engaged
in the promotion of the agricultural interests of his native
town. At the age of eighteen he held a position on the
stafl' of the brigade with which he was connected in the
State militia, and in i860 he was one of the organizers of
a militia company in Hollis, at that time known as the
Hollis Phalanx, of which he was made first lieutenant.
This company attended the annual muster and parade of
that year, which was held at Nashua, and won great praise
for its soldierl}' appearance and discipline, and many of
the members of the Phalanx formed the nucleus of the
oro-anization that afterwards enlisted from the town of
Hollis in the civil war that followed.
At the outbreak of the rebellion Captahi Ames at once
began the labor of recruiting a company .for the service.
49"
Ills'l•()l<^• OF Tin:. SE\-F:x'rii Ri:gimi:nt
I lis original purp(jsc was to liave his conipaiu' mustered
into the l*'il'th Regiment, but theranksol" tliat oru-ani/ation
heinu; tiiU before the enhstuient ot liis eomjxiny was C(jni-
jileletl, he conchided to iia\e it mustered into the Se\'enth
Rei^iment, whicli was accorcHn*;-ly done in the tall of iS6i.
I le was with his rei;"i!nent (hn-ino- most ot its period of ser\--
iet' till the return ot the three years' men. In 1S03, he
was tOr a short time prov(\st marshal at I^'ernandina, Fla.,
and. in the summer of 18O4, he was appointi'd chiel ot
ambulance in the ^I'enth Army Cor["»s, then near ik-rmuda
llundred, Va. While tilling this position he was assigned
to a jilace on the statl" of Maj. Gen. 1). B. Birney, who
then commanded the Tenth Corps.
At the expiration of his term ot enlistment he relurnt'd
to New Hampshire with that jiortion of his company which
had not re-enlisted, and at once i"esumed his lormer occu-
pation on his farm in Ilollis. In 1S70, he removed to
Vineland, N. J., wliere he purchased a fann, and engaged
in the cultivation of fruits ibr the Philadelphia market.
Although he made this change of residence for the reason
that from his experience of army liie in the South he
believed the climate of New Jersey better adapted to his
health than that of New Hampshire, yet early in 1872 he
was attacked with consumption, in a bronchial form, ot
which he died .'^ejUember 5 of that year, at the age of 45.
The disease of which he died was directly incitlent to his
arnn- life, and was the result fmally ot malarial poisoning
and chronic diarrluea and a resulting weakness ot the
lungs.
Captain Ames was married, June 20, iS|8, to Miss
Asenath Hardv ot" Ilollis, bv whom he had three children,
wiio survivetl him at his decease, but the widow and one
son are all that now remain of his family, l^he son re-
sides at Vineland, N. J., and Mrs. Ames has for a number
of years resided. in Houglasville, Ga., with rehitives.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 491
The captain was kind and affectionate, and was held in
high esteem by the men of his company and the officers
and men of the regiment, and at all times, whatever his
position, he was ever ready to do his duty conscientiously,
faithfully, and promptly.
Capt. Warren E. F. Brown.
Capt. Warren E. F. Brown w^as born in Lowell, Mass.,
February 26, 183 1, and was the son of Eliphalet and
Sally Barnard Brown. His boyhood days were nearly
all passed in Lowell, where he attended the public schools,
and shortly befDre becoming of age he entered one of the
many large machine shops for which that city is famous,
and serving an apprenticeship learned the trade of a
machinist, and was considered an expert in the business.
Desiring to see something of the world he enlisted in the
United States navy, serving four years before the mast;
he then again enlisted in the navy and was appointed
second assistant engineer, which position he tilled tor three
years. He finally came to Manchester, N. H., worked
at his trade as a machinist, and was so engaged when the
war broke out. His love tor the old flag was such that he
could not stand quietly by inactive while one of the largest
rebellions of modern history was threatening the welfare
of the country ; therefore, with others, he commenced
recruiting a company for the Seventh N. H. Volunteers,
and was quite successful, and at the formation of the com-
pany he was commissioned as captain, and mustered into
service December 11, 1861.
Captain Brown was a good officer, and his former serv-
ice in the navy tended to make him a rigid disciplinarian,
and yet he was very particular to see that his men got
everything that the regulations allowed, and he carefully
looked after the comfort of his men. In the assault on
Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863, Captain Brown bravely led
492 History of the Seventh Regiment
his company, and fell on the parapet of the earthworks,
at the post of honor. He had six brothers who also served
in difl^erent regiments during the war.
Capt. Joseph Freschl.
Capt. Joseph Freschl was born in Prague, Austria,
where he spent his early boyhood days, and where at an
early age he learned the trade of wool-sorter, at which
occupation he was an expert, and which he followed during
the greater part of his life. While yet quite young he was
educated in the profession of arms under the auspices of
the Austrian government, and served a period under strict
discipline in the armies of that countr}-. In 1840, he
came to America and settled in Lowell, Mass., where he
at once found lucrative employment as a wool-sorter, tor
ten years. He was, during a portion of that time, a mem-
ber of the Lowell Phalanx, a military organization of
much renown, where his knowledge derived Irom his
military education served to promote him to the position of
sergeant, while the late Maj. Gen. B. F. Butler occupied
the position of lieutenant in the same organization. In
1850, he removed to Manchester, N. H., where he con-
tinued in the occupation of wool-sorter on the Manchester
Mills Corporation, and by a strict attention to business,
for which he was always noted, he was promoted to the
position of second-hand, which position he held for many
years.
Soon after the breaking out of the war of 1861, Captain
Freschl was engaged to drill various military companies
in the vicinity of Manchester, among others the Bedford
Light Infantr}', and afterwards began recruiting a com-
pany for the Fifth N. H. Volunteers, which regiment was
then being raised for service, and whose headquarters were
at Concord, N. H. ; but when authority w^as given to the
late Gen. Joseph C. Abbott to raise the Seventh Regiment,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 493
he, knowing the mihtary worth of such men as Captain
Freschl, at once persuaded him to accept the position of
captain, and he very shortly recruited a company for that
regiment and was mustered as captain of Company I,
in the fall of 1861 ; his after record shows conclusively
that the confidence was not misplaced. He always
enjoyed the utmost confidence and respect of his superior
and inferior officers, and of his men ; and the humblest
private in his company received the consideration and
attention which only a kind-hearted and beloved gentle-
man could bestow ; the surviving members of his company
will never forget his fatherly care for their every comfort.
Although a strict disciplinarian, he had a genial manner
of enforcing order that gained for him the greatest love
and respect of everyone with whom he came in contact.
Not only the men of his own company, but those of other
companies, learned to love the genial captain ; to be
detailed on duty or placed under command of Captain
Freschl was a long looked for satisfaction.
All through the memorable siege of Charleston, S. C,
and while on Morris Island, the writer of this, who was
then a sergeant in the same regiment, can revert with the
fondest recollections to the many happy hours spent on duty
with Captain Freschl, and the friendship thus formed was
sacredly kept, and only broken by the sudden demise of
the captain ; and we feel proud to know, by personal
observation, that no braver officer ever left New Hamp-
shire. In the trenches on Morris Island, S. C and in
the Virginia campaign, in the Army of the James, until
his discharge for disability contracted in the service, in
July, 1864, Captain Freschl was always found where the
bullets flew the thickest, and always with his "boys" at
the front.
After the war he took a great interest in the Grand
Army of the Republic, and was always an attentive mem-
ber. He also interested himself largely in the success of
494 History of the Seventh Regiment
the Seventh Re<jjiment Association, of which he, for a
time, served as president; and was one of the most earnest
workers on the building committee of that regiment at the
time of the erection of their headquarters building at The
Weirs, N. H., and took a liveh' interest in every reunion.
He served two years as commander of the Manches-
ter War Veterans and brought the company to a high
standard.
In perpetuation of the memor}- of this brave comrade,
Capt. Joseph Freschl Post, No. 94, Department of New
Hampshire, G. A. R., bears his honorable name.
The captain died very suddenly on Saturday, January
25, 1890, at the age of sixty-nine 3'ears, of heart disease,
survived by a widow and one daughter, who reside in
Manchester, N. H. His death was sincerely mourned by
his many friends throughout the State, in the Grand Army
of the Republic, and by his comrades \\ ho served with
him during the war, who will sadly miss him at their gath-
ering's.
He was buried in the beautiful churchyard adjoining
the old church in West Manchester, near his home. In
the church elaborate funeral services were held, the sol-
emn rites of the Masonic Fraternity, of which he was an
honored member, and the beautiful ceremonies of the
Grand Army of the Republic, were fittingly performed;
and the casket, containing all. that was mortal of our
beloved captain, was borne by loving hands to its last rest-
ing place in the beautiful churchyard overlooking the val-
ley of the Merrimack; and as the last echo of the volle3's
from the firing party died away in the distance, we felt
that the last sad rite had been performed, giving our
beloved hero a soldier's farewell.
Dear, beloved captain, brother, and comrade, with the
saddest hearts, we bid vou farewell.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 495
Capt. Jerome B. House.
Capt. Jerome B. House, of Company C, was born in
Stanstead, Canada, Januar}- 3, 1823. His father died pre-
vious to, and his mother soon after, his birth ; his home
being, from that time until he attained the age of thirteen
years, with an uncle. He then went to Hill, N. H., and
served an apprenticeship with a wheelwright, learning the
trade thoroughlv. At the age of twenty-one he married and
removed to Alexandria, N. H., and went into business for
himself. He afterwards moved to Bristol, N. II., and
later to Amesbury, Mass. ; from there he removed to Leb-
anon, N. H., where he was residing at the breaking out
of the rebellion, and at once determined to enter the serv-
ice of the United States, quickly responding to "Father
Abraham for three hundred thousand more." In Septem-
ber, 1861, he was authorized to raise a company of men
for the Seventh New Hampshire, at once opened a recruit-
ing office in the town of Lebanon, and soon succeeded
in enlisting a large number of men, and went into camp at
the rendezvous at Manchester, N. H., with sixty-one
men; a few days later Jesse E. George, of Plaistow, with
torty men, joined, and the company was at once organ-
ized, House waiving the right to the captaincy in favor of
Jesse E. George, accepting the first lieutenancy in order
to secure as good places as possible for those who had
early enlisted with him, in this act displaying his nobility
of character.
He w^as mustered into the service of the United States
as first lieutenant of Company C, November 6, 1861, and
the following April, while the regiment was stationed at
Fort Jefferson, Fla., Captain George resigned his com-
mission, and Lieutenant House was promoted to the cap-
taincy, to date from April 29, 1862 ; he was constantly on
duty with his compan}^ and when the regiment was
ordered to Morris Island, S. C, and the first assault was
496 History of the Seventh REoniENT
made upon Fort Wa^'ncr, Jul}' 11, 186,:;, Captain House
liad his company wi-U up to the front, supporting the
pickets, coverino- the retreat, and rejoined the regiment
without the h)ss of a man.
On the morning of Jul}' 18, 1863, all orders and move-
ments of troops seemed ominous of coming conflict. At
nine o'clock the line was formed on the beach, and all
through the da\- the boom of heavy guns from the navy
and land batteries was continuous. Late in the aiternoon
a movement of troops was commenced and the Seventh
New Hampshire was moved up to the line of tire and
ordered to lie down. Captain House was in his position
on the right of his couipany, with First Sergt. Ferdinand
Davis immediatel}' in his i-ear.
The First Brigade had assaulted and was badh' broken,
when the Second l^rigade, led b}' the Seventh New Hamp-
shire, was ordereil up, and as the men arose in their places
and the oIliciMs weic stead\ing tlie lines. Captain House
was struck in the hip and tell. The line was ordered tor-
ward at once, leav'ing Captain House where he tell, who,
after creeping as long as possible on his hands and one
knee towards the rear, was picked up by the stretcher
corps and taken to his ipiarlers. where the wound was
prolu'd. but the bullet could not be found, and was never
located until (K-atli had relie\ed the bravi- cajitain iVom his
sutlerings, and then an I'xamination disclosed it firndy
wedged into the hip joint.
I<^-om Morris Island In- was takt'u to Hilton Head, and
from there to liis home in Ivebanon, X. 11. He was con-
\-e\ed all the wa\' on his journey in a chair, no odier posi-
tion bi'ing bearabU- Iw the patient, anil lor I'ight weeks he
was conhned to that chair da\- and night after his arri\al
home, and until his tleath, which occurred October 7, J863.
Thus tin- vSeventh Kegiment lost a bra\e and ellicient
ollicer, beloved and mourned b\' the ollicers ami men of
the n.'giment, and especially was he endeared to the mem-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 497
bers of his own company, C ; while his family mourn a
loving husband and a doting father. His integrity of char-
acter and his noble patriotism were never questioned, and
the Christian principles, to which he alw^ays strictly ad-
hered, sustained him in his severe and painful suffering,
as day by day his family noticed him surely, yet slowly,
passing away.
Capt. Granville P. Mason.
Capt. Granville P. Mason was born in Loudon, Merri-
mack County, N. H., and at the age of eighteen years
went to Methuen, Mass., where he was engaged for several
years in one of the cotton mills at that place ; he after-
wards worked in Manchester tor a time, when he again
removed to Methuen and then again to Manchester, where
he was employed when the war broke out. In the fall of
1861, he left his occupation at cotton manufacturing and
at once went to recruiting for the Seventh Regiment ; he
was mustered as first lieutenant of Company A, October
29, 1861, and was the first one of his rank mustered.
November i, 1862, he was promoted to be captain of Com-
pany B.
While the regiment was at St. Augustine, Fla., and
while out on patrol with only three men of his company,
on the Jacksonville road, he encountered a squad of Dick-
inson's men, but seeing an officer, they supposed that
nearly a company must be near ; as the chaparral was so
thick, the rebels had no means of finding out the number,
and at once retreated, and the captain and his three men
beat a hasty retreat by dodging and keeping in the chap-
arral and thick bushes out of sight, so both parties really
retreated, each one fearing an ambush and superior num-
bers. The captain and his men got safely back to our
lines, and sometime afterwards a deserter came in and in
referring to the incident the deserter said that the rebels had
32
498 History of the Seventh Regiment
fifteen men on the scouting expedition that day, and thought
they were close to a large force of Federals, when really
there were only four men in their immediate front.
When the regiment went to Fernandina, Fla., Captain
Mason was sent with Company B about five miles into the
country on picket duty. Just before going to Folly Island,
S. C, he was taken sick, and upon the recommendation
of Suroreon Brown was sent North, returninfv to the rem-
ment about August i, 1863. He was constantl}' on duty
with the regiment during the remainder of the siege of
Morris Island and the siege of Fort Sumter, and led his
company at the battle of Olustee, Fla., and was one of
the officers sent home with the re-enlisted veterans under
Major Rollins ; upon his return with the re-enlisted men
to the front he found the regiment in Virginia, and the
exposure being more severe than ever his health broke
entirely down, rendering him wholly unfit for military
duty, and upon the recommendation of the surgeon he re-
signed his commission on account of sickness, and was
mustered out, to date October 31, 1S64.
Captain Mason was one of the best of officers, and was
loved by the men and officers of the regiment. He was a
good disciplinarian, and took the utmost pride in having
his company rated, in drill, appearance, and deportment,
one of the best in the regiment.
Capt. William C. Knowlton.
Capt. William C. Knowlton was born in Concord,
N. H., October 8, 1S22. He was the son of Nathaniel
and Ruth B. Knowlton. His mother was a daughter
of Winthrop Sargent, Esq., a prominent farmer of Dun-
barton, N. H. Captain Knowlton was a grandson of
Robert Knowlton, who enlisted as a gunsmith in the War
of the Revolution, and remained in that service for seven
years.
New Hampshire V^olunteers. 499
In his earl}- days he was a member of a military band,
and from that time until tlie commencement of the war he
was connected in some way with the militia, and held
various otKces up to the grade of captain, and was very
active in military affairs in the State up to i860. He was
one of the tirst to help organize the battalion of x\moskeag
Veterans, and for some years belonged to that noted
organization. For many years he was connected with the
Manchester Fire Department, in the old "hand-tub"
times ; he was emplo3-ed as a drill master, and in that
capacitv was not excelled in those days. For efficient
services as drill master he was at one time presented with
a handsome and costly sword.
Previous to the breaking out of the war he was very
active in the organization of the Lincoln Guards, which
organization was afterwards the Abbott Guards, of which
he was captain. This company enlisted in the Second
New Hampshire, and was Company I, of that regiment.
A second company was recruited and enlisted in the Third
New Hampshire, and was known as Company A, of that
regiment. A third compan}- of the Abbott Guards was
then recruited, and formed the nucleus of Company D,
Seventh New Hampshire. In this last compan}- Captain
Knowlton was commissioned as first lieutenant, and was
mustered into service, to date from November 6, 1861.
For many years before the war he had worked as a
millwright, which trade with that of pattern maker he had
learned when a young man ; being naturally a fine
mechanic, he was frequently placed on details where
mechanical or engineering skill was required. He per-
formed himself and superintended some very important
and difficult work durino- his service with the Seventh.
At one time at Fort Jefferson, Fla., he was detailed in the
engineer's department to place in position some large new
condensing boilers, also some very large guns, all of
500 History of the Seventh Regiment
which work he performed in a creditable manner, being
very highly complimented for his efficiency.
Soon after the disastrous assault upon Fort Wagner,
S. C, he was promoted to be captain of Company C, to
date from October 26, 1863, and he was honorably dis-
charged from the service, to date from January i, 1864.
After his return home from the army Captain Knowl-
ton resumed his trade of millwright and pattern maker,
and has resided in the City of Manchester, and is now
residing there.
Capt. Joseph E. Clifford.
Capt. Joseph Eastman Clifford was born in Loudon,
N. H., June 14, 1S38. He was the son of Joseph and
Jane M. Clifford, and the only boy in a family of eight
children. Of the seven sisters only two survive. Anna
E., widow of Rev. E. H. Blanchard, and Hannah, widow
of G. H. Read, both of whom reside in Bloomington, 111.
His fiither was a prosperous farmer in Loudon. Captain
Clifford acquired his education in the schools of his
native town, and at Woodstock Academy, Woodstock,
Conn.
When the news came flashing over the wires of the dis-
astrous defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run, in July,
1861, he at once decided to enter the army. It was sev-
eral days before he had courage to make known his deci-
sion to his aged parents, and when he did they would not
listen to his going, but finally gave their consent.
He at once opened a recruiting office at Gilmanton Iron
Works, in Belknap County, and after raising a company
he went into camp with his men at Manchester, with the
other companies of the Seventh. He was commissioned
second lieutenant of Company G, largely composed of
men from Pittsfield and adjoining towns. From the fall
New Hampshire Volunteers. 501
of 1861, until the regiment landed on Folly Island to take
part in the capture of Morris Island and Fort Sumter, his
time was largely occupied in various camp duties, such as
drilling his men in the manual of arms, bayonet exercise,
marching, etc. After the regiment reached the front,
much of its time was spent on picket duty. As second
lieutenant of the company he naturally became its drill
master, and took great pride in the soldierly bearing of
his men, which later proved of the greatest importance,
not only to the men, but to himself, as it thoroughly
familiarized them with regimental and brigade move-
inents.
He took command of his company July 19, the morning
after the bloody charge on Fort Wagner, in which his
captain was wounded and taken prisoner, and died the next
day. The first lieutenant was also severely wounded and
the regiment lost heavily in men as well as officers. In
fact, it suffered a greater loss in officers killed and mor-
tally wounded than any regiment in any one engagement
of the war. As commander of his company under such
trying circumstances he naturally felt keenly the responsi-
bility of his position, being left without a commissioned
officer, and only one sergeant and a corporal. He set
himself at once to put the company into fighting trim as it
was somewhat demoralized after suff'ering such a severe
loss in the charge. Lieutenant Clifford soon gained the
respect and confidence not only of the men but of the offi-
cers of the regiment, and was looked upon as one of the
most efficient officers. He was often detailed by the colonel
for special duty requiring the highest type of courage and
dash. He was ever solicitous as to the comfort and safety
of his men, giving every detail his personal care and atten-
tion. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant. Colonel
Abbott saying to him at the time that he would like to
make him captain but could not on account of the objection
502 History of the Seventh Regiment
which would be raised by those who ranked him. In a
short time, a vacancy having occurred, Colonel x\bbott
called him to his tent and handed him a commission as
captain of Company C.
The regiment soon moved to join Seymour's expedition
for the purpose of gaining possession of Florida. Captain
Clit^brd was severely wounded at Olustee, Fla., February
20, 1864, in one of the worst managed battles of the war.
After the slaughter, wounded, and surrounded by his
dead and dying men, he denounced, in the most emphatic
language, the blunders of those responsible for the murder
of his men. This resulted, later, in his being dismissed
from the service without trial.
He was removed to Beaufort, S. C, with the wounded,
and when able to travel, went home. When he learned
that his regiment had been ordered to report to General
Butler at Fortress Monroe, to ascend the James River, he
became restive, and against medical advice persisted in
joining his regiment, which he did the night before Butler
was driven from his position in front of Richmond. Al-
though his wound had not healed, he refused to go to the
hospital. On account of exposure to dampness he took a
severe cold and contracted malarial fever, which refused
to yield to treatment. In this condition, although excused
from all duty, he took command of his company October
7, when the rebels under General Anderson endeavored to
turn the right flank of the Army of the James by surpris-
ing General Kautz's cavahy division, which held the
Union right. In this battle Captain Cliftbrd's brigade re-
ceived the credit of being instrumental in saving the Army
of the James. In this engagement, the commander of
his regiment mentioned particularly Captain Clifford's
coolness and bravery in the hottest of the light. This
was the last time he commanded his company in battle, as
soon after, owing to a disagreement with his colonel, he
New Hampshire Volunteers. 503
left the service. The facts and his record for three years
were reported to iieadquarters, and in less than ten davs
he received an honorable discharge with pay.
Captain Clifford has man}' testimonials, signed by offi-
cers of the regiment, complimenting him on his soldierly
actions and bearing, and evidencing the high esteem in
which he was held both by the officers and men of the
regiment.
He was for many years one of the leading business men
of Concord, N. H. The past few years he has resided in
Washington, D. C.
Capt. Charles A. Lawrence.
Capt. Charles A. Lawrence was born in NeW' Ipswich,
N. H., August 3, 1828, and was the grandson of Nicholas
Lawrence, w^ho served in the Revolutionary Army, enlist-
ing at the age of fourteen years, in 1778, and serving until
peace was declared, in 17S3. When he was about three
years of age his parents removed to Clarendon, Vt., where
he resided until he reached the age of twenty years. His
education was such as could be obtained by attending the
district school winters, but it was supplemented by careful
reading and study, throughout his lite, of standard works,
thus gaining for him a wider knowledge and education
than is often obtained by one outside the higher institu-
tions of learning.
At the age of twenty he left home, going to Nashua,
N. H., where he found work in the various manufacturing
establishments of that city, until the breaking out of the
rebellion called him to arms. He was married, July i,
1S52, to Miss Mary F. Patterson, of Merrimack, N. H.,
and the firing on Sumter found him with a wite and three
small children dependent upon him. From the first, and
unlike most of his neighbors, he believed the war would
be of several years' duration, and, feeling that it was his
504 History of the Seventh Regiment
duty to do his part, he enlisted in September, 1861, in
Company B, Seventh N. H. "V^olunteers, and was mustered
into service with that company the Ibllowing November,
as a sergeant. He served with his company and regiment
until August, 1862, when he was detailed for duty in the
ordnance department, under Captain Mordicai of the Regu-
lar Army, and served there until promoted to second lieu-
tenant of Company D, July 19, 1863. November 2, 1864,
he was promoted to be captain of Company G ; he served
with this company until the close of the w^ar, and was dis-
charged with the regiment at Concord, N. H.
He took part in the various battles in which the regiment
was engaged, and was wounded three times, first at Fort
Wagner, July 18, 1863, in the thigh : again in front of
Bermuda Hundred, June 18, 1864, by a Minie ball in the
leg; and a third time, September 15, 1864, at Petersburg,
by a severe shell wound in the left wrist.
After the war he returned to Nashua, N. H., and with
the exception of a short time he engaged in the business
of a photographer until the fall of 1878, when he removed
his business to Lawrence, Mass., and there continued until
his death, August 8, 1894. He was a member of the
Grand Army of the Republic, the New Hampshire Veter-
ans' Association, and of the Seventh Regiment Veteran
Association, and was president of the latter for the year
1893.
Capt. John A. Coburn.
Capt. John A. Coburn was born in Charlestown, Mass.,
June 24, 1838, and was the son of John Coburn and Abbie
Goldsmith (Chamberlain) Coburn; when about three
years old his mother died and the family then removed to
Hollis, N. H., where his father followed the occupation of
farming ; the captain remained upon the farm, attending
the district school during the winter months and assisting
New Hampshire Volunteers. 505
his father during the remainder of the year, until the
breaking out of the civil war in 1861, when his patriotism
caused him to promptly enlist, he being one of the first to
enroll themselves in Company H, which was in the fall of
that year recruited largely in the town of Hollis, N. H.,
by Capt. Nathan M. Ames. He enlisted as a private, but
was mustered into the United States service as a sergeant,
December 14, 1861 ; he was afterwards promoted to tirst
sergeant, and re-enlisted February 28, 1864, and was pro-
moted to first lieutenant of Company H, October 28, 1864,
and to captain of Company E, December 12, 1864, and
was mustered out with the regiment, July 20, 1865. He
was in the assault upon Fort Wagner, S. C, where his
compan}' lost heavily. He was in all the engagements in
which his company participated. He was in command ot
Company E at the assault upon Fort Fisher, and the morn-
ing following the capture of Fort Buchanan he was de-
tailed to take the names, rank, and residence of all the
Confederate ofiicers captured the night bet'ore.
Soon after his muster out of service he again went South
in company with Captain Whipple, of Company K, and
remained there about two years, engaged in cotton plant-
ing at Darlington, S. C. He then came to Hollis, N. H.,
where he has since been engaged in lumbering and
farming, residing with his father, who is at the time of
writing this sketch ninety-five years of age.
Captain Coburn was one of the best men in the regi-
ment, and took the greatest pride in performing his duty
to the satisfaction of his superiors and impartially to his
inferiors, and he was loved and respected by the officers
and men. He was gentlemanly in his deportment, gener-
ous and kind to those with whom he came in contact,
prompt and efficient on duty, and always ready to perform
his duty wherever assigned.
^o6
^!S'^oR^■ oi" 'iMii-: Si:\'E.\tii Ri:(;i\rF,N'r
111 ihc battles before Kichnionil. on the north side ot the
James Ri\-er, Captain Coburn was reconiniep.decl to the
governor ol New I lanipsliii'e lor promotion lor meritori-
ous con(hict in the llekh and received honorable mention.
C.\!'T. Pail Wimi'I'li:.
Capt. Paul Whipple was born in New IJoston, X. II.,
April 30, 1S40, and w;;s the son ot' John and I'hilantha
( Reed ) Whipple : his lather bein^' a nati\'e of New Bos-
ton, and his mother a nati\e of Barre, \ t. His early
ecUication was obtained in the common schools ol his
native town, working on his lather's farm durin;L!; his
\'acations.
At the breakini;- out of the War of the Rebellion he
enlisted under the first call tor troops, and ser\ed faith-
full\- in the First Rei;"iment of N. II. Volunteers: soon
after being mustered out of service in that reujiment he
again enlisted in Comjiau}' K, Seventh New Mampshire,
tinder Capt. W. K. F. Brown, and his former experience
in the three months" serx'ice made him a valuable acquisi-
tion to the regiment: he was iinalh' promoted to sergeant
for good conduct and a strict attention to dut}', and shortly
afterwards was promoted to hrst sergeant. When a por-
tion of the men of the regiment re-enlisted. Captain
Whipple was one of the first to place his name on the
enlistment papers. October 28, 1S64, he was promoted
to lirst lieutenant of Compaiu' A; December 12, ot the
same year, he was jiromoted to captain of Company I, and
later was transferred to Company K, in which company
he served tmtil his muster out with the regiment, July 20,
1865. Captain Whipj-)le was a good soldier, gixing his
strictest attention to dut\-. and made one of the bra\est and
best ol' olllcers, clu-erfulh' facing am* tlanger where duty
called. He was wounded in the assault on Fort Wagner,
S. C July 18, 1863, and at Uarbytown Road, Va., Octo-
ber 13, 1864.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 507
He was a tavorite with the men of his company, and
with the men ot" the regiment, and wherever Captain
Whipple was ordered to go his men were alwa3's eager to
follow .
After his muster out of service he returned to the South
and settled in Darlington, S. C, where he now resides,
and where he has successfully followed the occupation of
planter, having- under fine cultivation a large plantation.
He is extensively engaged in the cultivation of cotton and
tobacco, and has lately given much attention to graded
cattle.
Capt. Grovenor a. Curtice.
Capt. Grovenor A. Curtice, of Company D, was born
in Lempster, N. H., March 31, 1S42. He received his
education in the district schools and in Henniker and
Hopkinton Academies, and taught school winters and
worked on a farm summers a portion of the time until
twenty years of age, when he determined to enlist.
August 14, 1S62, he enlisted as a volunteer recruit, and
was mustered into service in Company D, Seventh N. H.
Volunteers, the 21st of the same month ; from that time
he participated in all the battles in which the regiment
was engaged, being wounded at Fort Wagner, July 18,
1863. At the battle of Fort Fisher he captured a rebel
captain of a North Carolina regiment, and received the
surrender of his sword. He was promoted to sergeant,
hrst sergeant, and to captain, and came home in com-
mand of the company in which he first enlisted.
Since the war. Captain Curtice has resided in Contoo-
cook, and has frequently held public office, having been
clerk and treasurer of his tov/n, served a long time as post-
master, and represented his town in the general court ; he
served as State Senator of his district, and was also a mem-
ber of the Executive Council. Since 1867, he has been
a merchant in Contoocook, N. H., where he now resides.
5o8 History of the Seventh Regiment
He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow, a member
of the Grand Army of the Republic, and a past president
of the Seventh N. H. Veteran Association, of which organi-
zation he has been one of the leading members.
He served his country faithfully and was one of our
most patriotic soldiers.
Capt. George Roberts.
Capt. George Roberts was born in North Berwick, Me.,
November 25, 1823, and was the son of John Roberts and
Julia A. (Cook) Roberts, who were at that time residing
on a farm in that town ; when Captain Roberts had grown
to quite a lad his father sold the farm and went with
his family to Great Falls (now Somersworth), N. H.,
to reside. Here the captain found employment as a mule
spinner in a factory, which occupation he followed until
about fourteen years of age, when his father removed to
the city of Dover, N. H., where the captain learned the
trade of painter, which occupation he industriously fol-
lowed until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he
enlisted in Company F, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, and
was mustered into the United States service, November 7,
1861, as a sergeant of Company F, and was promoted to
second lieutenant, June 4, 1863, but was not mustered
into that grade until November 17, 1863, although he
acted in that capacity during the intervening time.
At the battle of Olustee, Fla., February 20, 1864, he
was severely wounded and captured ; he was paroled
after a year's imprisonment, and was finally exchanged
and mustered out of service as second lieutenant, March
12, 1865. During his captivity he was promoted to cap-
tain of Company F, to date from December 22, 1864, but
his long period of imprisonment had so undermined his
health that he was unable to perform further duty in the
field, and on that account preferred to be mustered out of
service.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 509
Captain Roberts, being one of the original sergeants of
the regiment, was well and favorably known to the offi-
cers and men, and was a favorite among them.
After his muster out of service he resided in Berwick,
Me., and died there of paralysis, December 20, 1891. A
widow survives him, and in 1895 was residing in Berwick.
Lieut. Samuel Williams.
Lieut. Samuel Williams, of Company C, Seventh New
Hampshire, was born in the town of Canaan, N. H., May
18, 1820, and was the son of Stephen and Elizabeth
(Longfellow) Williams, his mother being a direct de-
scendant of William Longfellow, of Bytield, Mass., a
distinguished officer in th^e Revolutionary War.
His early life was spent on a farm, and his early educa-
tion was received in a small district school with a few
terms at Canaan Union Academy. He taught in the dis-
trict schools of Canaan and adjoining towns several terms,
and when about twenty-five years of age he went to Utica,
Miss., and taught school there for about two years. Re-
turning home he married jNIiss Ursula Day, of Canaan,
in 1848, and settled down on the old homestead. In 1857,
he sold his farm and removed to Enfield, N. H., and again
resumed the occupation of teaching and farming for a
few years; in March, 1861, he was elected chairman of
the board of selectmen of Enfield, which position he
acceptably filled until the fall of 1861, when he resigned
that office and enlisted as a private in Company C, of the
Seventh New Hampshire ; at the formation of the com-
pany he was mustered into the United States service as
second lieutenant, to date from November 15, 1861, and
April 29, 1862, he was promoted to the grade of first lieu-
tenant of the same company.
The severe service and debilitating climate of Florida
and South Carolina, where the regiment had so far been
stationed, brought on a severe heart difficulty, which after-
,IO
IIisTORv oi" 'I'm: Si:\']:n'|-i! Rj'.ci.mext
wards caused his (U-ath. and on Juh' 23. TS62. his health
becaiiu' so niucli ini]^airt.'d that hv rcsi^-ned his C(.)nimis-
si(.)n and i\-tiirncd home. In 1S65. partialh' I'ecoverinL;' his
lieahh, he entered \hv lirni ot D(KlLie, l)a\is & Williams,
at I'.nru'ld, N. M.. and engaged in the manufacture of
flannels and hosiery, in the (ild "Shaker iNfills"" of that
j")lace. where he continued until if^y.v when he retired tVom
active Imsiness lite.
In 1S70, he represented the town ol Entield in the legis-
lature, and. in 1S71 and 1S72, again served as chairman of
the board of selectmen. Me died of heart disease February
4, 1S78. at the age ol" littx'-seven years and nine months,
and left surN-ix-inu" a widow and ti\-e children.
Lieut. John II. Worcester.
Lieut. John IL Worcester, son of John X. and Sarah
Holden \\^)rcester, was born in llollis, January 18, 1S39.
In his box'hood lie attended the schools ot his nati\'e town,
and alterwards recei\'ed a good academic education. Be-
fore the rebellion he had been a law student at the law
school, at Cambridge, Mass., and at the commencement ot'
the ci\il war was nearl\- r(,'ad\- to engage in the ]")ractice
ol' his chosen protession, witli fiattt-ring prospects of suc-
cess. But when the nation summoned its \'oung men to
its defense, his lo\e of country and stern sense of duty,
found from him a prompt response. Early in tlie fall of
iS6i, lie enlisted as a pri\ate in the comp;nn- from Mollis,
under Capt. N. M. Ames, which was afterwards mustered
into the ser\-ice as Compan\" M. Se\enth Regiment X. M.
\"olunteers. Upon the oi'gani/ation ot' the com[ian\- he
was chosen second lieutenant. In June. 1862. upon the
resignation of Lirst Lieut. Alvah M. Potter. Lieutenant
Worci'stiM" was promoted to his ]"»lace. and was constantly
in tlu' service with his regiment in I'lorida and South
Carolina until his cU'ceasc- at Milton Mead. S. C. Jul}" 26,
1863. at the age of t\\i'nt\--si.\ \-ears and six months.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 511
During the assault upon Fort Wagner, Morris Island,
S. C, on the evening of July 18, 1863, after having suc-
ceeded, at the head of his men, in reaching the top of the
fort, and while cheering them on he fell severely wounded
in the left le<r, so that when the order to retreat was civen
he was unable to leave the field. After having remained
all night upon the battle ground he was taken prisoner in
the morning, and was at once carried into Charleston
where his leg was amputated ; on the 25th he was re-
turned under a flag of truce, was sent to Hilton Head, and
there transferred to a vessel with other wounded men
to be sent north ; but the following night gangrene set in,
and before morning he breathed his last. When he found
that he could not live he. calmly resigned himself to his
fate, and said to a wounded comrade lying beside him :
" Give m}' love to my men, and say to them that I shall be
with them no more, and tell my friends at home all 3'ou
know of me." His remains were taken to Hilton Head
and buried with military honors, but were afterw^ards disin-
terred, taken to Hollis, and buried in the family cemetery.
In a tribute to his memory, on the occasion of his iuneral
at Hollis, the Rev. Dr. P. D. Day, who had a son. Ser-
geant H. M. H. Day, in the same company, said of him :
" Lieutenant Worcester was just the man the country
w^anted. Firm in his convictions, active and forcible, he
was a right arm of strength in her service. Nature had
fitted him for a popular and successful officer. His form
was large and commanding. He had a happy faculty of
mingling with his men, freely and socially, yet maintain-
ing complete command over them — a command not com-
mon in the army, that of respect and love. He endeavored
to m.ake the most of his men by increasing their virtues.
His counsel and example w^ere always against the use of
intoxicating drinks, tobacco, gambling, and other vices,
and he had the faculty of urging his views upon others
without irivincr offense."
512 History of the Seventh Regiment
Dr. Henry Boynton, one of the regimental assistant
surgeons, wrote of him : " No officer in the regiment was
before Lieutenant Worcester in promise. He was a
general tavorite with both officers and men, and none
whose lot it was to fall in the discharge of duty on that
fatal night of July i8, 1863, were more universally
lamented."
Lieutenant Potter, in an obituary notice of Lieutenant
Worcester, said: "In the discharge of every duty he
was faithful and persevering. No effort was too great to
be made by him if he could in the least beneht the condi-
tion of a private soldier or serve a friend. Such honesty,
tidelity, and kindness, won the respect and esteem of the
whole command. His unexceptionable character, strictly
temperate habits, and unwavering principles will ever
make his memory dear to those who were his comrades,
and his name will be cherished as long as a remnant of
his company shall survive." The "John H. Worcester"
Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, composed
largel}^ of his surviving comrades in the war in and about
Hollis, was so named upon its organization from an affec-
tionate and respectful regard for his memory.
Lieut. Charles H. Farley.
Lieut. Charles H. Farley, son of Deacon Leonard W.
and Clarissa (Butterfield) Farley, was born in Hollis,
N. H., July 31, 1835, '^"cl died at Lake City, Fla.,
February 24, 1864, aged twenty-eight years and six
months. Calmly weighing the consequences, and acting
from a deep sense of duty, he was among the first of the
young men at Hollis to enlist in the service of his coun-
try. Early in the fall of 1861, he volunteered as a private
soldier in Company H, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, and at
the organization of Company H he was appointed first
sergeant. June 30, 1862, he was promoted to second
New Hampshire Volunteers. 513
lieutenant, and to first lieutenant August 6, 1863. He
faithfully served with his regiment in Florida and South
Carolina through the years 1862 and 1863, and until mor-
tally wounded at the battle of Olustee, Fla., February
20, 1864. Lieutenant Farley was one of the gallant band
who fought their way into Fort Wagner on the night of
July 18, 1863, wading the ditch and scaling the parapet
under a raking fire of the enemy, and he stood by the side
of the brave and lamented Colonel Putnam when he fell,
fighting the enemy hand to hand with his revolver. He
was twice struck with bullets, one passing through his
clothes without serious injury to himself, and the other
warded oflf by a testament in his pocket, which undoubt-
edly saved his life. He remained on Fort Wagner till
the fall of Colonel Putnam, when the retreat was ordered.
The battle of Olustee commenced on the afternoon of
February 20, 1864, and Lieutenant Farley, of Company
H, was wounded in the first onset. He was first wounded
in the leg, and sank down at the foot of a pine tree and
tried to stop the bleeding with his handkerchief. As our
troops were soon driven from that part of the field, some of
the men in his company, H, offered to assist him to the rear
as our lines fell back, but he told them to never mind him,
and that was the last they saw of him living. He was then
left between the fires on the battlefield, and was afterwards
wounded in the back, was captured and taken to Lake
City, about twenty miles distant, where he was found
the next day, with other wounded in a Confederate hospital,
by two ladies who were formerly from New Hampshire,
but were at that time teaching school in Florida. They
got permission to have him carried to their home, where
they did all in their power for his comfort, and no effort
was spared to save his life ; their efforts were unavailing,
and four days later he died. The ladies who had been so
kind to him took charge of his burial, with the assistance
33
514 History of the Seventh Regiment
of the mayor of the city, and after the interment sent let-
ters through the lines to his father, who resided in Hollis,
N. H., stating all the circumstances. After the war
closed his father sent them the necessary funds with which
to have the body disinterred and forwarded to Hollis, where
it arrived in April, 1866.
Appropriate funeral services were held on the i6th of
the same month, attended by the surviving comrades of
Company H, under Capt. N, M. Ames. A very touching
address was delivered on the occasion by Rev. P. B. Day,
then pastor of the Congregational Church of that town.
In the tribute to his memory. Rev. Mr. Day said : "At
the age of sixteen years Lieutenant Farley made a pub-
lic profession of religion, and united with the Baptist
Church in Hollis, and ever after, till his death, lived a
consistent Christian life. He never fell into any of the
vices so common in the camp ; never resorted to the gam-
ing table, to the intoxicating cup, nor to the fumes of the
poisonous weed. As an officer he was a universal favorite.
The soldiers knew him so well that for him to indicate his
wishes was authority for them to act. He never threatened,
censured harshly, nor spoke defiantly. His courage vvas
never doubted, and no one ever saw him agitated, hurried,
or in the least disconcerted on the eve of battle. He was
calm, self-possessed, and trustful in that Providence in
which he had been taught to believe, and which vvas a
cardinal point in his religious faith."
The remains were then interred near those of brave
Lieutenant Worcester, of the same company, who died
from wounds received at Fort Wagner.
Lieutenant Farley vvas one of the best officers in the
regiment ; generous, modest, and discreet, loved by the
men with whom he served, morally correct, and always a
Christian gentleman. In giving orders he vvas very
modest, and at one time, when the regiment was at St.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 515
Helena Island, S. C, Lieutenant Farley was officer of
the day, and in making his rounds noticed some rubbish
which he suggested to the sergeant in charge of the police
detail, should be removed. Colonel Abbott, then in com-
mand of the regiment, in some way heard of it and at
once sent for Lieutenant Farley. Drawing himself up in
the most pompous military manner imaginable, the colonel
said: "Lieutenant Farley, you are not to suggest any-
thing : but as officer of the day you oi-der it."
Lieut. William F. Spalding.
Lieut. William F. Spalding was born at Pepperell,
Mass., in 1842, and was left an orphan at an early acre.
He was the eldest of ten children, the names of his par-
ents being Eli and Harriet Spalding.
After the death of his father, young Spalding was taken
in charge by his grandfather, Alpheus Eastman, with
whom he lived in the town of Hollis, N. H., for several
years. He attended the district school, graduated from
the high school in that town, and afterwards pursued his
studies for a while at Appleton Academy, N. H.
After leaving the academy he was emploved in a gro-
cery store at Nashua, N. H.. and while employed there
he enlisted as a private in Company H, Seventh N. H.
Volunteers. His qualities as a soldier were almost imme-
diately recognized by his being appointed second sergeant
upon its organization and muster into service, upon the pro-
motion of First Sergt. Charles H. Farley to a second lieu-
tenancy, June 30, 1862, Sergeant Spalding was promoted
to first sergeant, and immediately alter the disastrous
assault on Fort Wagner, he was promoted to first lieutenant
of Compan}' C, to date from July 18, 1863, the date of the
assault ; from that date until his muster out of service,
he was almost constantly in command of a company.
While a first sergeant he commanded his company, H,
5i6 History of the Seventh Regiment
which was posted at the " Swamp Angel" on the night
that celebrated battery opened tire upon the City of
Charleston.
Lieutenant Spalding was one of those good, noble New
Hampshire boys who never shirked duty, was always at
the front, and present for duty with his company, pertbrm-
ing duty at times when he could have been excused for
illness. He was a good disciplinarian, kind to his men,
dealing squarely and irnpartially with all, always gentle-
manly in his deportment, and one of the best otficers
ever commissioned in the Seventh New Hampshire. He
was a fine musician, and with others in Company H was
always ready to render a selection or a song, which made
many of the hours seem brighter during the monotonous
routine of garrison duty ; the writer of this can remem-
ber well how pleasant it seemed and how quickly the
hours passed during many of the nights, when the regi-
ment was ordered into Fort Wagner for a night's duty,
and the members of Company H, lead by Lieutenant
Spalding, entertained us with some of those hue old army
songs we knew so well.
Lieutenant Spalding was mustered out of service at the
expiration of the original term of the regiment, and at
once settled in Massachusetts, and for many years has
been a resident of Maiden, where he now resides, and
where he has tilled many oiiicial positions of a public
nature, having served with credit in both branches of the
city government ; is a past commander in the Grand Army
of the Republic, is a past grand in the L O. O. F., a
member of the Masonic Fraternity, and has passed through
the ditferent grades in the Patriarchs Militant, L O. O. F.,
and is now colonel of the Second Regiment of that Order,
in the Department of Massachusetts.
He takes a great interest in the Seventh Regiment
Association, is always present at their meetings, and is
popular with the members.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 517
Lieut. Ferdinand Davis.
Lieut. Ferdinand Davis was born in dishing, Me., Feb-
ruary 8, 1840, and was the son of George and Catherine
Davis. Of a family of seven children, an older brother,
Prof. R. C. Davis, of Ann Arbor, Mich., and himself are
the only ones surviving. He attended school in his native
town until about eleven years of age, and then attended
schools in Framingham, Mass., and New Hampton, N. H.
In 1858, he went to Lebanon, N. H., to learn the carpenter's
trade, and was following that occupation when the War of
the Rebellion broke out ; he enlisted with Captain House,
September 21, 1861, and went into camp at Manchester,
N. H., in October of the same year, and at the organi-
zation of Company C he was mustered as a sergeant.
He was constantly with his company until the regiment
w^as stationed at Beaufort, S. C, when he was detailed on
recruiting service and was ordered to New Hampshire ;
he again returned to the regiment at St. Augustine, Fla.,
in April, 1863, and while absent on recruiting service was
promoted to tirst sergeant of Company C. He was on
duty with his company, supporting the picket line, when
the first assault was made on Fort Wagner, July 11, 1863,
and was in the second assault, which occurred July 18,
1863, at the time Captain House was mortally wounded
and Lieutenants Cate and Lane were killed. He reached
the fort and remained there until the order was passed
along to retire. He was the first to demand the surren-
der of a Confederate otficer on the very highest part of the
great bomb-proof, this officer having approached the
Union men for the purpose of ascertaining whether they
were friends or foes, as it was too dark to distinguish any-
thing more than form. At another time he was alone,
apparently, in one of the great casemates of the fort, and
could look directly into the entrance of the great bomb-
proof where the enemy was protected, and could see them
5i8 History op^ the Seventh Regiment
come to the entrance and fire at the forms of our men who
were on the top of the outer parapet. With a ^un whicli
had become in some way fouled so as not to be fired, the
place seemed too close for comfort or execution. He then
returned to the higher part of the fort or directly over one
of the magazines, as he afterwards ascertained ; he
secured another gun and exchanged shots with the enemy,
tiring at the flash of his gun, which he continued to do
until the order to retire was received.
Realizing that the assault was a failure, and the prom-
ised reinforcements not appearing, and also feeling sure
that the enem}' were about to execute some movement, he
at once made his way among the piles of dead and
wounded back to the ditch which was now waist deep
with water; and then, with what remaining strength he
possessed, struck out to again recross the line of the
enemy's fire on his way back to camp which he finally
reached.
He was in command of Company C for several weeks
after this assault, as so many officers were killed and
wounded that none could be assigned to the company.
He remained constantly on duty with his company, and
October 27, 1863, was promoted to first lieutenant and
assigned to Company D ; the following February he
went with his regiment to Florida, and was assigned to
staff duty. During the engagement at Olustee, he was
severely wounded in the leg, and after a few weeks in the
hospital was granted a leave of absence home, and arrived
in his native town on the day of election just in time to
hobble to the polls on his crutches and cast his ballot.
After some three months at the North, he rejoined his
regiment April 15, 1864, which had in the mean time been
transferred from the Department of the South to the
Department of Virginia, forming a part of the Army of
the James, and at the date mentioned was with the forces
investing Drury's Bluti'.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 519
Early the next morning, and during the engagement,
he was assigned to the staff of Gen. Joseph R. Hawley,
commanding the Second Brigade, First Division, Tenth
Army Corps, and remained on stalT duty as an aide-de-
camp, or acting assistant adjutant-general, till his muster
out of service, December 20, 1864, by reason of expiration
of term of service. He was in all the subsequent engage-
ments in which his brigade took part, and was recom-
mended for gallantry by General Butler in his address to
the Army of the James.
Returning to Lebanon, N. H., he took up the study of
architecture, which he ultimately completed in New York.
He served one term in the State legislature, representing
the town of Lebanon ; in 1889, he removed to Pomona,
CaL, where he now resides, and resumed the practice of
his profession.
Lieut. George F. Robie.
Lieut. George Frank Robie was born in Candia, N. H.,
June 17, 1844, where his ancestors have lived since the
settlement of the country in 1675. He was a descendant
of a patriotic family. His forefathers served under Gen-
eral Stark at Bennington and other battles of the Revolu-
tionary War. He was one of the first to answer the call of
President Lincoln for volunteers to defend the capital,
having enlisted in the Eighth Mass. Infantry for three
months, that being the second regiment to march through
Baltimore on their way to defend the capital. At the expi-
ration of this term of service he returned to Manchester,
where his parents resided, and assisted in enlisting Com-
pany D of the Seventh. He was appointed sergeant, and
later tirst sergeant of his company. After serving two
years he re-enlisted as a veteran volunteer for three years.
He was slightly wounded in the battle of Olustee, Fla.,
was especially honored for bravery in a reconnoisance
520 History of the Skventh Re(;iment
toward Richmond in the fall of 1864, and was awarded a
medal of honor bv congress. Upon the recommendation
of his regimental commander he was promoted to first
lieutenant of Company G, to date from October 28, 1864,
and commanded Company B at the muster-out of the
regiment.
He was a member of Louis Bell Post, G. A. R., of
Manchester, N. H. Withdrawing from that post later, he
was a charter member of a post in Galveston, Tex., where
he had resided most of the time since the war. He died
June S'' 1891, at Galveston, Tex., of rheumatism contracted
durincf his service.
Lieut. Andrew J. Lam:.
Lieut. Andrew J. Lane was born in Haverhill, N. H.,
July 29, 1833. His parents were Albert and Hannah
Lane. Lieutenant Lane learned the trade of machinist,
and was at work at his trade in Lebanon, N. H., in 1861,
when the civil war broke out ; when it became evident
that a protracted war was inevitable his patriotism and
sense of dutv prompted him at once to enlist with Captain
House, his neighbor and friend, who had then just re-
ceived authoritv to raise a company for the Se\enlh New^
Hampshire.
At home these two men had been friends and neighbors
on the same street and members of the same church, and
the military serxices of each seemed uncommonly linked
and blended together, as they became officers in the same
company: both fell in the same battle — one to find a
nameless grave among the ocean-washed sands of Morris
Island, the other to linger in great agony and pain for
nearly three months, surrounded by his family, until re-
lie\ed by death : and as comrades in the great army of
the Union, the chasm which is supposed to exist between
commissioned officers and enlisted men was w'ell bridged
bv this former friendship.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 521
Lieutenant Lane enlisted in Company C, October 20,
1861. went into camp with the company, and was mus-
tered into the United States service as first sergeant ; the
following April, when Lieutenant House was promoted
to captain, First Sergeant Lane was promoted to second
lieutenant of Compan}- C, to date from April 29, 1862,
and his was one of the first promotions in the regiment.
In the second assault on Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863,
Lieutenant Lane was second in command in Company C
(the first lieutenant serving on the staff of the Second
Brigade), and was in the line of file closers; owing
to the noise and confusion of the moment when Captain
House fell, and to the fact that the lieutenant was very
busy in his place, he had not noticed the fall of the cap-
tain, and was only conscious of the tact when the first
sergeant, Ferdinand Davis, passing quickly to the left,
notified him he was in command. The order to move for-
ward had been given, and Lieutenant Lane rushed to his
place at the right of the company, waved his sword and
shouted, "Come on, boys." The line swept forward like
a wave into the very jaws of death. Lieutenant Lane,
in whose footsteps closely followed First Sergeant Davis,
never once turned his head, but at one time during that
fearful march toward the fort, called back to Sergeant
Davis, familiarly saying, "Where are you, Fred?" and
upon receiving the reply, "Here I am," said, "Good for
you. If I fall, take good care of the boys."
Across that plain, quivering with the concussions of
heavy shells, the shrieking of flying missiles tearing
through the lines and making great gaps in our ranks, the
sickening thud of Minie balls as they snuffed out human
lives — on through that withering fire of shot and shell and
hissing lead, across the moat knee deep with water from
the incoming tide. Lieutenant Lane kept his position on
the right of Company C, and was seen to mount the slop-
522 History of the Seventh Regiment
ing parapet of Fort Wagner, stand for a moment in full
view against the evening sky, and then disappear from
sight. This was the last seen of the brave lieutenant, as
far as there is any knowledge. His body was recognized
the next day by one of his company, Stephen D. Smith,
who was being borne into the fort with a shattered leg.
Comrade Smith says, "I was wounded and fell into the
ditch or moat at the foot of the fort, and remained there
until the next morning, when I was picked up by the
enemy, with the other wounded, and carried on to the top
of the fort, and in conveying me there they passed imme-
diately over the body of Lieutenant Lane, which I at once
recognized. The body was at the top of the slope of the
parapet with its legs hanging over the slope. As the
body was lying upon its back it was impossible for me to
tell where he had been hit, but I did not see any blood
upon his face or head ; by the position of the body I am
of the opinion that the lieutenant was instantly killed,"
and I believe that I was the last person, of those who
knew him, who saw the body of our good and brave Lieu-
tenant Lane, of Company C."
The assault proving a failure, the dead and wounded
remained in the hands of the enemy, and Lieutenant
Lane, with hundreds of others who fell in that assault,
was buried by the Confederates in an unknown grave.
Lieutenant Lane was a Christian gentleman, a brave
and efficient officer, and his loss was mourned by the sur-
viving officers and men of the regiment.
His widow resides in Lebanon, N. H.
Lieut. Henry F. W. Little.
Lieutenant Little was born in Manchester, N. H., June
27, 1842, and was the elder of two children. His father
was Henry F. Little, a contractor and builder, who was
one of the early settlers of Manchester, having removed
New Hampshire Volunteers. 523
from Claremont, N. H., to Amoskeag, in 1836. -His
mother was Mary W. (Fletcher) Little, a native of the
town of Cornish, N. H., one of the oldest families of that
town.
Lieutenant Little received his education in the public
schools of his native city, attending the grammar and
high schools, and, at the breaking out of the War of the
Rebellion, was sticking type on the " Daily American,"
one of the dailies at that time published in that city, in
which otfice, in the capacity of typo was Martin A.
Haynes, who, after serving in the army, was later a mem-
ber of congress from New Hampshire ; the foreman at
that time was O. C. Moore, who was afterwards a mem-
ber of congress from that district, and the proprietor of
the paper, Simeon D. Farnsworth, was, a little later on,
a paymaster in the army, with the rank of major.
His first experience in military matters and drill began
when quite young, first drilling with the fire engine com-
panies and acting in tiie capacity of ''torch boy," and
when Abraham Lincoln was nominated for the presidency
he assisted in the organization of the "Lincoln Guards,"
a company belonging to the State militia, and commanded
by William C. Knowlton, who was afterwards an officer
in the Seventh New Hampshire. The "Lincoln Guards"
were soon changed to the "Abbott Guards," and named
after Gen. J. C. Abbott, who was then adjutant-general
of the State of New Hampshire ; and in the fall of i860,
all companies of the State militia were ordered into an
encampment at Nashua, N. H., and young Little's tirst
station on guard duty was at the tent of Adjt. Gen. J. C.
Abbott, afterwards colonel of the Seventh. At this muster
Lieutenant Little met many men who afterwards served in
the Seventh Regiment, and he remembers particularly the
Hollis Phalanx, of which Nathan M. Ames was first lieu-
tenant, and who was afterwards captain of Company H,
524 History of the Seventh Regiment
of the Seventh ; many of the men composing the Hollis
Phalanx afterwards went into the service with Captain
Ames.
When Gen. J. C. Abbott received permission to raise a
regiment, Lieutenant Little at once enlisted and was sent
out recruiting in Mason and Brookline ; October 16, the
company which was being organized by Captain Chase
and Lieut. W. C. Knowlton, having some fort}^ or fifty
men at its rendezvous, was ordered into camp just north
of the cit}', and was the first compau}' on the ground,
and commenced the encampment of the Seventh Regi-
ment. He was at once selected by Captain Chase as
company clerk, and all the original rolls and books of
Company D are in his handwriting.
When Company D was mustered into the service Novem-
ber 6, 1861, he was mustered as a corporal, and was the
first on the list: March 28, 1862, he was promoted to a
sergeantcy, this being the first promotion of the kind in
the regiment; April 27, 1862, he was detailed as acting
sergeant-maior, which place he filled for about nine
months.
Eight days after the hard-fought battle of Olustee, Fla.,
he re-enlisted for another term of three years in Compan}'
D, of the Sevenih Regiment, and was the first man in the
compan}' to re-enlist, eighteen men following him. After
enjoying a thirty days' furlough he returned to the
regiment with the veterans, and took an active part in
everything that occurred. The regiment having been
transferred to Virginia, the veterans upon returning from
their furlough found themselves in the Arm}' of the James.
He remained constantly on dut}- with the regiment dur-
ing the summer of 1864, and at the battle of Laurel Hill,
October 7, 1864, he was awarded a medal of honor for
meritorious conduct, and was promoted to first lieutenant
in the same order, dated October 11, 1864. from depart-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 525
ment headquarters. He received a commission as second
lieutenant ot' Company E, Seventh New Hampshire, to
date from October 28, 1864, He had already been pro-
moted to a iirst lieutenant of the Fourth U. S. Colored
Troops, to date from October 11, 1S64, and January i
was promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant of the
Twenty-ninth U. S. Colored Troops, and remained in the
service until the collapse of the Confederacy, receiving
brevets of captain and major.
It was always Lieutenant Little's fortune to be with his
company or regiment, whether on a skirmish line or in
an assault ; he was always on good terms with those
around him, and among his best and life-long friends are
those made during his army life.
After the w'ar he settled in Manchester, N. H., and
was prominently connected with the Grand Army of the
Republic for some years ; he is a member of the L O. O. F.,
and. of the Masonic Fraternity, and served his city in the
State legislature ; for some 3'ears he has held the office of
milk inspector, and for three years was captain of the
Manchester War Veterans, an independent company com-
posed of soldiers of the rebellion ; tor many years he has
been secretary of the Seventh New Hampshire Veteran
Association, and is the historian of that regiment.
Hospital Steward William G. Brown.
William Gerrish Brown, son of Surgeon William W.
Brown, was born August 17, 1841, in Chester, N. H. ;
when about five years old his father removed to Man-
chester, N. H., where William was educated in the public
schools and afterwards spent two years at Phillips Exeter
Academy, preparing for Dartmouth College. He left the
academy at Exeter to enlist in the Seventh Regiment, in
1861, and was appointed hospital steward, to date from
526 History of the Seventh Regiment
December 14, 1861 : he suffered much from impaired
health during the last year of his service, but served out
his enlistment and was discharged with the three years'
men, December 22, 1864. He died on July 11, 1865.
Sergt. William J. Harding.
Sergt. William James Harding was born in Cleeve,
Somerset, Eng., November 28, 1840, and was the son of
William and Elizabeth M. Harding. He received his
education in the public (or national) schools at and near
his birthplace, by private tutors, by his father, and at
Columbia College, New York, from the law school of
which he was graduated with the degree of LL. B.,
class of 1872. During his early schoolboy days he re-
sided at the rural homes of his parents, his paternal
grandparents, and at the home of a paternal uncle, until
about sixteen 3'ears of age.
In 1863, he came to Montreal, Can., and from tl"/;ere
came to Concord, N. H., where he at once enlisted as a
private in Company A, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, Octe-
ber 14, 1863, joining the regiment at Morris Island, S. C.
He had previousl}^ served as a gunner in the First Glouces-
ter Artillery Volunteers, Battery D, in England. He
showed such proficiency on duty that, on May 30, 1864,
he was promoted to corporal; December 22. 1864, he
was promoted to sergeant; and March 7, 1865, he was
commissioned first lieutenant and adjutant of the Thirty-
eighth U.S. Colored Troops, of which regiment Robert
M. Hall, formerly second lieutenant of Batter}' M, First
U. S. Artillery, was colonel.
This promotion to a commission was on account of good
conduct and proficiency in his duties. April 9, 1866,
he was promoted to captain in the same regiment ot
colored troops, and was honorably discharged March 18,
1867.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 527
Upon his muster out of service he took up his residence
in New York city, where he entered upon the study of
law. His military training had, however, created a fond-
ness for tactics, and he again enlisted as a private in Com-
pany B, Twenty-second Regiment New York State
National Guards, July 14, 1867 ; he w'as promoted to
adjutant of the same regiment October 7, 1869; to captain
of the same regiment January 7, 1873 ; was promoted to
lieutenant-colonel February 8, 1886 ; to assistant inspector-
general, with the rank of colonel, January 25, 1892 ; and
on January i, 1895, he was retired from the office which
he had held lor three years, and was at the same time
presented with the State Decoration (a gold medal), for
twenty-five years' long and faithful service.
While in the Seventh New Hampshire, Colonel Hard-
ing was for a time on detached duty at corps headquarters,
and after the capture of Richmond, Va., while in the
colored troops, he served on the Mexican frontier with
General Sheridan's Expeditionary Corps until his muster
out of service, and for nearly a year he was acting assistant
inspector-general and acting assistant adjutant-general of
the First Division (Gen. Giles A. Smith), Twenty-fifth
Army Corps.
He took part in all the engagements in which the
Seventh participated, from the time he joined the regi-
ment until the storming of Fort Fisher, at which time he
was on detached duty.
While a member of the National Guard of New York,
his thorough knowledge of tactics and organization gained
for him many admiring friends ; he was the author of,
and compiled, a number of books relating to drill orders
and other subjects of military importance, and on all mili-
tary matters he was an acknowledged authority.
528 History of the Seventh Regiment
Pliny F. Ga.^imell.
Pliny Fisk Gammell, son of Samuel and Achsah (Cur-
tice) Gammell, was born in Hillsborough, N. H., Feb-
ruary 21, 1842, and that portion of his life up to the time
of his enlistment was spent on his father's farm. He re-
ceived his education from the district schools of his native
town.
In the fall of i86i,he determined to enter the service,
and on October 25 of that year enlisted as a private in
Company A, Seventh New Hampshire, and re-enlisted
February 27, 1864. He was wounded July 18, 1863, in
the second assault on Fort Wagner, on Morris Island,
S. C, and participated in all the engagements of his
regiment and company. He was promoted to corporal
December 17, 1864, and was discharged July 20, 1865,
with the regiment.
Since his return home he has followed the occupation of
machinist, and resides in Lowell, Mass.
John R. Sherw^in.
John R. Sherwin, of Company B, enlisted September
24, 1861, was captured at Olustee, Fla., February 20,
1864, and was released December 30, 1S64. He was dis-
charged April 17, 1865. The following is his account of
his prison life written by himself at the request of the his-
torian :
Fall River, Mass., July 21, 1895.
My Dear Comrade:
Your letter asking me to give a sketch of my prison ex-
perience, from capture to discharge, I received. But I
hardly know what to say, as it was about the same as that
of others. I was captured, with some tvventy-tive others of
our regiment, the next morning after the battle at Olustee,
and sent to Lake City. While there I tried my hand in
making my escape ; in fact, I think I was the lirst one of the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 529
regiment to try and escape, but it was no go at that time.
I received a ball and chain attached to my left leg for my
pains. Comrades Frank Cass, of Company B, and Wil-
liam Ramsey, of Company G, were served the same. I do
not think that an}^ of the boys ever complained of ill-
treatment of the rebels that captured us ; that was to come
after, although I think I was fortunate in a number of
cases. I was one of four cooks, while we were waiting
for Andersonville to be built. In that way I got double
rations, such as it was. We arrived at Andersonville
about March 14 ; at that time there were only a few pris-
oners. A description of Andersonville is not required,
as it is a well known place. I helped clean out the
stream and plank over a small place, so we could wash ;
at that time I received double rations. You see I was
always looking out for something to eat.
About the last of August or the first of September, I,
with others, was sent to Savannah, and then to Charleston,
S. C, where we were confined a short time on the race
course. We were under fire of the truns of Morris Island.
I never thought when we helped build the forte that I was
ever to be shot at by them. But no one was ever hit while
I was there. I think I was there two or three weeks,
when we left for Florence, S. C. ; but the prison was not
completed. When I again tried my luck in escaping I
was successful, but onl}'^ to be recaptured in three days. I
remember the date I was recaptured very well ; it was the
25th of September, just three years to the day that I en-
listed. I made my escape by crawling on my hands and
knees by the guards, and was recaptured by an old man
with dogs and a double barrel shot gun ; he said he would
get thirty dollars a piece — there were three of us — a
good morning's work for him.
After I was back in prison, I began to think of some-
thing to eat, and how to get more than was allowed, and
tbund that by belonging to two ditierent squads I could
draw two rations. I kept it up as long as I dared to ; I
saw a number of men tied up by the thumbs until they
fainted, and made up my mind to go hungry aw^hile
longer. In December they began to parole all sick, and
those that had been in prison the longest. When the rebel
34
530 History of the Seventh Regiment
doctor asked me when I was captured, I told him it was at
the charge of Fort Wagner. I think it was the only time
telling a lie ever did me any good. I told the recruiting
officer when I enlisted, I was eighteen years old, but was
only sixteen, so you see I got in and out of the army by
telling whoppers. Now, comrade, you can enlarge on
this as much as you wish ; surely there is material enough.
Hoping you can make use of it, I will close. I should be
pleased to have a short account of the meeting at reunion.
My health remains about the same.
I was paroled at Charleston, December 17, discharged
at Concord, April 19, having served three years, seven
months, on one enlistment.
First Sergt. George P. Dow.
First Sergt. George P. Dow, of Company C, was born
in Atkinson, N. H., August 7, 1840, and was the son of
Moses Dow, 2d, of Atkinson. His mother was Sally P.
Hanson, of Haverhill, Mass. His early life was spent on
his father's farm, and in attending the district school dur-
ing the winter months.
At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, his
patriotism was at once aroused, and as soon as his affairs
could be arranged, he enlisted as a private in Company C,
Seventh N. H. Volunteers, October 14, 1861 ; was pro-
moted to sergeant in 1862 ; and to first sergeant in 1863.
He was discharged, to date December 22, 1864, by reason
of expiration of term of service.
During his service he participated in the battle of Morris
Island, the assault on Fort Wagner, the battle of Olustee,
Fla., the battles of Chester Station, Va., Drury's Bluff,
Hatch's Farm, Deep Run, Spring Hill, New Market
Heights, Laurel Hill, Darbytown Road, and the several
reconnoissances toward Richmond and all the minor
engagements in which the Seventh participated. He
received a congressional medal of honor for gallantry in
the field.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 531
For a time on Morris Island, S. C, he acted as color
sergeant, and at Bermuda Hundred, Va., was detailed for
a time as a sharpshooter. During his service he was
slightly wounded three times, and proudly refers to the
fact that he was never in the hospital a day.
After his return home from the service he purchased
a farm in his native town of Atkinson. He soon after
engaged in mercantile pursuits, and became proprietor of
a country store in Atkinson, making a specialty of gro-
ceries and general merchandise ; he was soon after
appointed postmaster, and has held this position for twenty-
seven years, and still remains in the mercantile business.
His farm is a model one, and he has spared no means to
make it a beautiful home ; it is known by the name of
"■ Fair View."
Stephen D. Smith.
Stephen D. Smith was born in the town of Langdon,
County of Sullivan, N. H., May 29, 1S33, and was the
son of Elias and Matilda (Stiles) Smith; his occupadon
up to the time of his enlistment was that of a farmer.
When the call to arms in 1861 was sounded, his patriot-
ism, perhaps inherited from his father, who served in the
War of 1812, prompted him to go to the defense of his
country. He enlisted as a private in Company C, Seventh
New- Hampshire, September 28, 1861, and served with his
company faithfully until wounded in the assault upon Fort
Wagner, S. C, on the night of Jul}^ 18, 1863; this
resulted in the loss of his left leg, which was amputated
near the hip joint. The following account of his being
wounded and captured and afterwards paroled or ex-
changed, will be found quite interesting. He says :
"I was hit just as I was about to step down into the
ditch in front of the fort, and while yet on the edge of the
bank of the ditch. In falling, I landed at the bottom of
532 History of the Seventh Regiment
the ditch on my back, my left leg being under me and the
left foot being up between my shoulders, the thigh being
badly shattered by a grape shot, and the wound was bleed-
ing tast. Having a piece of strong cord in my pocket, I
very soon tied it tightly around my thigh above the wound,
and the bleeding stopped. I don 't think it was more than
a minute betbre I had the cord tied around my thigh. The
rebel surgeons afterwards said I would have bled to death
in a very short time if I had not used the cord as I did.
The dead and wounded lay so thick in the ditch that I was
obliged to lie across a dead man all night long. The gun
that raked that part of the ditch did fearful work, the
dead and wounded being at this place three or four deep.
"As soon as it began to be light in the morning, the.
rebels mustered up courage enough to look over the fort
and down into the ditch. They saw so many of us that
they thought we were trying to play a Yankee trick upon
them, and that we were there ready to nab or shoot them
when they came out. They threatened to shoot us if we
did not come up onto the fort and give ourselves up. It
took a long time to convince them that we could not get
out or harm them, and that every one they could see was
dead or wounded. I expected every minute that they
would lire on us, as they had so savagely threatened, but
a few of us who were wounded and had strength enough to
speak, told them that we should have got out of that place
loner before that if we could have done so, but that we were
all wounded or dead, and that we considered ourselves their
prisoners. They finally commenced to sneak down where
we were, and at once began to rob us of our blankets,
monev, watches, and everything that they could get.
"As my position was a very uncomtbrtable one, I asked
a rebel if he could not get some one to help him to carry
me up onto the fort. He wanted to know what I would
give him if he did it, and I told him I would give him a
New Hampshire Volunteers. 533
dollar. He said he would do so if he could get someone
to assist. He soon returned with another soldier, and as
I took my wallet out to pay the man, he grabbed it and
said they would take the whole. There were just four dol-
lars in my wallet, together with some few trinkets that I
thought more of than I did of the money. I was mad and
felt like fighting them, but not being in good fighting trim
they had everything their own way : they did have the
decency to carr}- me up onto the fort, but in doing so let
the broken and shattered leg drag along over the dead
bodies which dotted the way. My wounded leg had by
this time got very sore, and mo\-ing me gave me intense
pain, and it really seemed as if I should die before they
got me onto the fort.
" Here I was obliged to lie on the hot sand all day in the
rays of a blazing sun, and words will not describe ade-
quately the suffering endured that day. I would have
given all the money in the world, had I possessed it, for
just one drink of good cold water. The following night I
was carried, with others, over to the City of Charleston,
arriving there about midnight. My wounded limb was by
this time so badly swollen that it seemed like taking my
life to move me from the fort to the boat and from the boat
to the wharf; from the wharf we w^ere placed in an old
dump cart and conveyed up to the building used for a hos-
pital, which must have been a mile or more.
"The next day, Monday, the rebel surgeons amputated
my leg close up to my body and placed me back on the
floor with a little handful of straw under my head for a
pillow. They did not even put so much as a piece of
cloth for bandage upon the stump, and never dressed it
while I was one of their guests. In less than twentv-four
hours the stump was alive with maggots and remained so
until the next Sunday, when I w-as exchanged. We had
not been washed and cleaned, nor our wounds dressed
534 History of the Seventh Regiment
since our capture ; consequently we were completely cov-
ered with vermin, maggots, dirt, and blood. The first
food we received, or nourishment of any kind, was on
Tuesda}^ the 21st of July, when an Irish woman came in
with an apron full of small pieces of bread, a portion of it
beinsi made from flour and the rest from corn meal. She
gave each of us a small piece, which was very dry eating,
without water, tea, or coffee, to wash it down, but we were
so hungry that we managed to get outside of the bread,
which looked ever so much like pieces that had been
gathered from some table where a more elaborate meal
had been served, and those were the remnants. The next
day, Wednesday, we received a small portion of corn
coffee and a very small piece of meat ; after this our bill
of fare did not vary much until our exchange.
"On Sunday, the 27th, one hundred and five of us, who
had been wounded, and as filthy and dirty looking men
as it is possible to imagine, were taken down the harbor
on a steamer, and were there exchanged for one hundred
and five rebels who had been brought up from the hospital
at Hilton Head ; they were clad in clean white shirts and
good clean clothes, showing a marked contrast in the
appearance of the two bodies of men. After we were put
onto the United States hospital boat we were cleaned up
and felt like new beings in a new world. We were taken
to McDougal General Hospital, at Fort Schuyler, N. Y.,
where, with good care and good nursing, a portion of us
pulled through and recovered ; but about a month after,
the chaplain told us that sixty out of that one hundred and
five in our lot, that were exchanged with us, had died.
"These one hundred and five were all badly wounded,
and, having no care and the wounds not being dressed for
so long a time, the men were very much weakened from
the loss of blood, and those who were not blessed with
strong constitutions could not rally.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 535
"This was the way our Union prisoners were treated b}^
rebels who professed Christianity and claimed to be
enlightened."
Comrade Smith had two brothers in Company C,
Alonzo A. Smith, who was mustered out with the three
year's men at the expiration of his term of enlistment, and
James M. Smith, who was captured near Laurel Hill,Va.,
August I, 1864, and died of starvation in Salisbury
Prison, N. C.
Sergt. Robert O. Farrand.
Sergt. Robert O. Farrand was born in Dunkinfield, Eng-
land, and was a resident of Fisherville (now Penacook)
at the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, and at
the age of twenty-one enlisted, October 29, 1861, as a pri-
vate in Company E, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, and was
appointed corporal and mustered in as such when his com-
pany was mustered into the United States service, Novem-
ber 7, 1861. He was wounded July 18, 1863, in the
assault on Fort Wagner, S. C. ; was promoted to sergeant
November 28, 1863 ; and was severely wounded and cap-
tured at the battle of Olustee, Fla., February 20, 1864, his
wound resulting in total blindness the moment it was
received. Later he was paroled and exchanged, and
was discharged from the service, to date June 23, 1865.
He will be more readily remembered by the original
members of the regiment from the fact that with Sergt.
Cyrus Bidwell, of the same company (they were both cor-
porals at that time), he performed the duty of marker for
the regiment on all drills, etc.
His prison experiences covered many months, and as
related by him will be found quite interesting :
" On the morning of February 20, 1864, the forces
under the command of General Seymour, which were
stationed at Barbour's Plantation, Fla., of which my
536 History of the Seventh Regiment
regiment was a part, was ordered forward towards
Lake City, about thirty miles away. Everything about
the march for the first fifteen miles was as pleasant as
could be desired, but what a change was to come over
the spirit of our dreams. We halted for rest and to eat
our lunch. Soon shots were heard on the picket line :
every old soldier will know what this meant, and that some
of us, who for more than two years had marched shoulder
to shoulder would, before the setting of the sun on that
day, sleep the sleep that knows no waking. Many others
would be maimed for life — who would it be? All hoped
they would come out of the approaching conflict safe. It
was a vain hope. Soon an orderly came riding at full
speed from the front with orders for one battalion of the
Seventh Conn. Volunteers, under Colonel Hawley, to
march to the front on the double-quick. Shortly another
order came for the whole force to move forward, and soon
the battlefield of Olustee was reached. I do not intend to
describe the battle, only to say my regiment entered the
field left in front, and were marching by the flank ; soon
the order was given b}' Colonel Abbott to break into col-
umn of companies, followed shortly by an order to deploy
on the eighth compan^^ While executing this order.
Acting Brigadier-General Hawley, of Connecticut, rode
up to the rear of the regiment and ordered us to deploy on
the second company, which so mixed the regiment up that
it was obliged to go to the rear to reform. Soon after the
regiment broke, the order was given by Colonel Abbott to
cease firing. One soldier who was about to disobey the
order attracted the attention of the writer, who turned his
head to see if the soldier was going to fire and thus diso-
bey orders. As I turned my head I saw Colonel Abbott
and Colonel Hawley sitting on their horses talking
together — that was the last I ever saw, for at that moment
a buck-shot from the enemy struck me in the left temple,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 537
passed back of both eyes, severing the optic nerve in both
eyes, and lodged back of the right eye, where it still
remains, totally destroying the sight of both eyes. I
instantly became unconscious, in which condition I
remained during the entire battle. When consciousness
returned, I found m^^self lying on my face. The rebels
were firing off the muskets they had found on the field.
One of the shots from these muskets struck my knapsack
on the right side, but didn't go through. Another struck
the heel of my left boot, glanced up, and wounded me in
the fleshy part of the thigh. As the firing ceased, I arose
upon my knees, when I heard someone coming towards
me. I hailed them, and asked them to take me to the hos-
pital or to a fire, as I was cold, and was wounded, but
could not tell how, as I felt no pain from my wound about
the head, but was totally blind. He said there was no
hospital near, so he would take me to a fire, which he did,
and after making me as comfortable as he could he left
me. Before he left me I ascertained that our forces had
been defeated, and that I was a prisoner of war. He had
been gone but a few minutes when I fainted from loss of
blood. When I became conscious again I was not alone,
several rebel soldiei's were there ; when they saw me move,
they told me to take off m}^ pants and give to them : that
I declined to do, telling them that I was blind, and could
not see to get any more. They said that if I did not take
them off the}' w^ould cut my throat and take them. I told
them that I hoped they would not do that, as I hoped to have
a good deal of use for my throat in the future : I told them
the pants were not worth the trouble, as they were a very
old pair. After examining them they went away, leaving
me once more alone. How long I remained so I could
not tell, probably one or two hours. When I heard some
teams going by, I hailed them, but the first gave no heed
to me ; the second stopped and picked me up and carried
538 History of the Seventh Regiment
me to Olustee Station, about a mile and a half from the
battletield. I remember being lifted out of the wagon and
walking about six feet, which was the last thing I remem-
bered, for my wounds bled so that I again fainted away,
and remained in that condition for three days. When I
once more returned to consciousness, I found myself in a
stable in Lake City, fifteen miles from Olustee, where I
got out of a wagon. Some of my comrades were with
me, but I knew but little of what was taking place around
me.
*' When I did recover sufficiently to realize my condition,
I learned that a rebel surgeon had examined me, but said
I was not wounded, and must have been blinded by the
bursting of a shell, saying the powder must have burned
my eyes. In searching for my wound, he not so much as
washed the blood from my face, and of course my wounds
had not been dressed at all up to this time. I now began
to feel the need of a good wash, and as there was no way
to get one in the stable, I asked one of the colored waiters
if he knew where Elizabeth Gould lived; he said he did,
and I asked him to take me to her home. She, with many
others who were in Lake City, had lived in St. Augustine
when the Seventh New Hampshire garrisoned that place ;
and as our regiment treated them kindly, they telt well
disposed towards any of our regiment, and came to the
hospital to see us — but to go back. The waiter started
with me for Miss Gould's, but on the way saw Comrade
Charles Danforth in a house, so took me in there. As we
entered the house without knocking, Danforth and the
lady met us, when Danforth asked me what was wanted. I
told him where I was going, for what purpose, and we
had come there by mistake. The lady invited me in, told
the waiter to leave me there, she would see that I had the
opportunity to wash and fix myself up. She took me into
the dining-room, and after handing me a chair left me.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 539
She soon returned with hot water, towels, soap, and
sponge, and proceeded to wash the blood from my face.
When she applied the hot water and the blood w^as
removed, the wound opened, and she exclaimed, ' there is
where you are wounded.' I immediately put my finger in
the mouth of the wound to see how bad it was, and found
that the ball that did the mischief must have been a buck-
shot about five-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. I had not,
up to this time, sutfered any pain trom the wound, neither
did I at any future time. After I finished my toilet, she
brought me some food, consisting of biscuit, johnny cake,
butter, and tea. This was the first food I had any remem-
brance of eating since I was taken prisoner.
"After I had eaten, she took me into the sitting-room,
spread a blanket on the floor in front of the fireplace, and
remarked, as she left the room, that I could lie down and
get some rest. I, with some other wounded soldiers, re-
mained there that night. I found that the lady of the
house was a Union woman and was doing all she could to
help the boys in blue. I remained in Lake City several
days longer, and my wound was not dressed up to this
time by any surgeon, nor indeed at any future time, and
I was obliged to take the entire care of it myself.
"About the 4th of March, I, with others, was sent to
Tallahasse, the capital of the State. Here we had better
quarters, being put into a church that had been used by
colored people. We received kind treatment and the food
was good, but coarse and scanty. To illustrate this, I
bought five dollars' worth of food at a baker's, and though
I had eaten breakfast only half an hour betbre, and then
ate all the rebels would give me, I ate the whole five dol-
lars' worth of baker's food, except one piece of ginger-
bread about four inches square, and my stomach did not
feel any trouble by the extra food. Another time I paid
two dollars and fifty cents for a meal which consisted of
540 History of the Seventh Regiment
two biscuits, two pieces of hoe-cake, two eggs, and several
pieces of bacon about the size of a silver dollar. This was
the cheapest meal I had while a prisoner. The money I
bought this food with, I got by selling my gold pen with
a silver holder for thirtv-five dollars. I should have said
before this that while lying unconscious on the battlefield,
the rebels stole everything I had in my pockets except
this pen, which thev did not find, as it was in my vest
pocket. They even took the shoes from my feet, so the
rest of the time I had to go barefooted. As I have said,
our quarters were much better than they were at Lake
Cit3% but our liberty was restricted. We were not
allowed to go but a few rods from the building without
permission, and even then a guard had to go with us. It
was here that I heard that my brother Joseph was dead.
I had heard that he was wounded, but did not know how
badly. I felt sorry that I had not been able to see him, as I
was but a short distance from where he died. As I said,
I had to dress my wound myself : in order to get the mat-
ter out of the wound, I had to press on the eye. About a
week after I arrived at Tallahassee, as I was engaged in
dressing the wound, and while pressing on the eye, the
ball of the eye burst, but it was three days before it entirely
run out.
" The rebels now began to tell us that their government
was building some nice hospitals at Americus, in Georgia,
where v/e could be more comfortable than we were, and
that we should have good beds to lie on. About a week
later, the}- told us that the hospitals were all ready, and
on the morning of Saturday, March 19, we bade adieu to
Tallahassee, and with food enough to last us two days, we
started for Georgia. Our first stop was at Chattahooche,
which place we reached in the afternoon. We were put
into an old arsenal and kept until Sunday night. Then
we were put on board a steamboat and sent up the Chatta-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 541
hoodie River to Fort Gains Landing. Alter leaving the
steamer, we had to cHmb one hundred and ten steps to
reach the height of land, then go about four hundred feet
to the depot, where we expected cars to take us to Ameri-
cus. But no cars were there, so we had to wait. It was
a drizzly, rainy day, and the weather was cold, so the
guards built a fire and we managed to keep warm. My
comrade had to help me from the landing to the depot. I
was so weak I was obliged to lie on the platform nearly all
day, going every little while to the fire to get warm. My
stay at the fire was short, as I could not stand but a few
minutes without fainting away. Our tbod lasted only till
Sunday night, so that Monday morning we had no breakfast.
The officer in charf^e of the guard went to Fort Gains to
get us something to eat, but they refused to issue any
rations for us, and it looked as though we would have to go
hun^rv for a while. In the afternoon I heard someone
speak of a house about a half-mile away, and I asked the
officer if he would send a guard with some of the men to
see if they could buy some corn bread. He consented, so
I gave them ten dollars, all I had left from the sale of my
pen. They were gone some time, but when they returned
brought ten dollars' worth of corn-pones, which we divided
among the prisoners. It was not more than half a meal
for us, but much better than nothing.
" In the evening, a box car was run down to the depot,
into which we were put for sate keeping for the night.
There were tw^ent3'-two of us. The car door was closed
within two inches and securely fastened. The bottom of
the car was covered to the depth of half an inch with wet
mud, in which we w^ere compelled to sit or lie as we
thought best. In the morning, our car was attached to a
train, and w'e started for our destination. The people all
along the line seemed to be expecting us, for at every
depot crowds were gathered to get a sight of the ' Yanks.'
542 History of the Seventh Regiment
About noon we reached Americus. Here we found that
the story of the hospital and nice beds was a lie, told to us
for what purpose we did not know. About 2 o'clock in
the afternoon of this day, March 22, we reached Ander-
sonville. After leaving the cars, we were marched to the
stockade, about three quarters of a mile away, and,
though we did not know it, what we had passed through
w^as like paradise compared to what we afterwards suf-
fered. Of the twenty-two men who entered Andersonville
with me, only two, Charles Danforth, of Hopkinton, and
myself, ever left it alive. England has never outlived the
stigma of the ' Black hole of Calcutta,' and the Southern
States will never outlive the stigma of Andersonville and
other kindred prison pens.
" When we entered the stockade we were placed in dif-
ferent companies, to till up the ranks depleted by death.
I was very fortunate in being assigned to a compan}- which
alread}' contained fifteen men from my regiment. This
was very pleasant, for I felt that, although I was blind, I
was among friends who w^ould assist me as far as they
were able. At this time there were only about six thousand
prisoners in the stockade, but the number was afterwards
increased to about thirty-five thousand. For convenience
in issuing rations, the prisoners were divided into detach-
ments of two hundred and seventy each ; each detach-
ment was divided into three companies of ninety each, and
each company was divided into four squads. These de-
tachments, companies, and squads, were each in charge
of a man from their own ranks. The manner of distribu-
ting the rations I will now describe : They were brought
into the stockade in two-horse wagons, and each com-
mander of a detachment was given the rations for two
hundred and seventy men ; these rations were divided
into three equal parts, and that there might be no cause
for complaint, one man would turn and look the other way,
New Hampshire Volunteers. 543
while the man in charge would place his hand on one of
the three parts and ask, ' Whose is this?' The man who
was facing the other way would say, ' Company A, B, or
C Then the man who had charge of each company
took its portion and divided it in the same way to the
four squads, into which the company was divided. The
man in charge of each squad would take its portion and
cut it into as many pieces as he had men in his squad,
and distribute them in the same way as before described,
while the men would watch the operation with a hungry,
anxious look upon their faces, as they realized the hope-
lessness of being able to satisfy their hunger with the small
amount of food given them for a whole day, as it was not
half enough for a single meal. Perhaps there would be no
better time to tell of what our rations consisted than now.
When I lirst entered Andersonville, the prison was in
charge of a lieutenant of the army, and he allowed us one
pint of meal per day. It was cob and corn ground
together, and a piece of bacon about one inch square.
About the twentieth of April, Wirtz took command of the
stockade, and he at once reduced our daily allowance of
food to two thirds of a pint of meal, and a very small piece
of bacon. I wish to say here that the bacon was that
which had been condemned as unht for their soldiers, so
it was sent to feed the prisoners with. Most of the time it
w^as alive with maggots. The way of cooking the food
was b}^ taking the meat on a tin plate and setting the plate
on a tire, then the maggots would crawl out and we could
throw them away ; then, after mixing the meal with water,
fry it in cakes. Of course I could not do this, so my com-
rades would do it for me, for which I was truly thankful,
for without this and other kind favors, the writer would not
have lived to write this story. For some time after I
entered the prison, the only water that we had to drink
w^as from a brook which ran through the middle of the
544 History of the Seventh Regiment
stockade. This brook came through two rebel regi-
mental camps, and all the slush and grease trom their
cook-houses was thrown into it, so that when we drank
tVom it our mouths would feel and taste as if we had been
eating fat meat. After a time they allowed us to dig wells,
and many availed themselves of the privilege and got pure
water.
" Sometime in June, during a severe rain-storm, a spring
broke out near one side of the prison, and the men named
it " Godsend Spring," which indeed it was to all the pris-
oners confined there. Andersonville was a parallelogram
in shape and contained twenty-five to thirty acres, but was
afterwards enlarged by about twelve more. It was sur-
rounded by a fence twenty feet high, made of square logs
set two inches apart, the lower ends sunk into the ground
about three feet, and the top ends pointed. The guards
were outside this fence on the ground. The dead line was
a tence two and a half feet high, made by driving posts
into the ground a rod apart and nailing a two or three inch
scantling on top. This was about twenty feet inside the
stockade. The object of this dead line was to prevent the
prisoners from digging the stockade down, as nearly
every morning the guards would find from one to six
posts and some of the prisoners gone. They were hunted
with bloodhounds and almost always found and brought
back ; only one or two succeeded in reaching our Union
lines, while one poor fellow who failed to climb a tree
was almost torn to pieces by the bloodhounds. No blame
can be attached to the rebels for building the dead line,
but they were to blame for allowing the abuse of prisoners
by the guards. The orders were for the guard to shoot
any prisoners who crossed the dead line, and as a reward
for so doing he was given thirty days' furlough and
the first commission vacant in his regiment, and as their
storv would be believed before ours, thev did not wait for
New Hampshire Volunteers. 545
a prisoner to cross the line before they shot him. I will
give two examples ; one was a poor sick man unable to
eat the rations given him, and so weak that he could only
crawl on his hands and knees, seeing a piece of hard-tack
near the dead line which some new prisoner had shaken
from his haversack, he tried to get it, but he was so weak
that when he lifted his hand to pick it up, he tipped for-
ward. The guard, who had been watching him closely,
instantly fired, sending a ball through his head, for which
the guard got his reward, both a furlough and a commis-
sion for killing a Yankee. The other was a case of a
prisoner who stepped up to the dead line and rested his
elbow on it for a moment, but seeing that the guard was
going to shoot, he jumped back and stepped quickly to
where some men were standing, but the guard fired at him
and missed him, but he hit one of the others, breaking his
leg, the ball glanced and killed a man who was asleep a
few feet away. Other cases similar to these might be
told, but these are enough to show^ the abuse of the dead
line, and the way they were sustained by the officer in
charge in wickedly shooting men without a cause. Most
of the prisoners had shelters made of pine boughs, in
which to sleep, and the floors were carpeted with pine
needles. These were very comfortable and afforded a
good deal of protection from the sun and rain. One was
built for the writer of this, just large enough for two, and
a member of the Sixth Illinois Cavahy, who had just come
into the stockade, was allowed to share it with me on
condition that he assist me in caring for myself. He did
as he agreed to, and was a great help and comfort to me.
The wa}'^ the pine boughs were obtained was in the follow-
ing manner : Four men from each company were sent out
into the woods every morning to get wood with which to
do cooking ; as one of them could bring all the wood
required, the others would bring pine boughs to build the
35
546 History of the Seventh Regiment
shelters. Owing to the hick of means to keep clean, the
prisoners had become very lilthy, and our clothing had
become intested with xermin. in the shape of body lice, and
the morning hour was devoted to hunting and destroying
these pests. It was a novel scene to see the men take oil"
one garment after another, and hu.nt for these pests.
Luckih', or unluckih', our wardrobe was very scant : my
own consisted ot' about two thirds of a blouse, ani.1 two thirds
of a pair of pants. I had neither shirt, stockings, shoes,
or hat. The mtisery caused by these little pests cannot be
described, but some idea ma\' be formed tVom the fact that
while it was more than three months after I lett Anderson-
ville before I reached home, yet m}' back, the entire length
of the spine, was one complete sore from being bitten by
those pests.
•'Sometime in the latter part of May, Captain Wirtz
built a cook-house and commenced issuing cooked rations
to one half the prisor.ers and raw rations to the other hall",
so they got cooked and raw rations on alternate weeks.
The cooked rations consisted of a piece of corn bread
about one inch in thickness, two inches wide, and tour
inches long, with the usual piece of bacon. When it was
my turn to draw raw rations, I would exchange with some-
one who had cooked rations, ns it had become more difli-
cult to get \\-oi)d with which to do the cooking. Occasion-
ally in place of the bread and bacon, we were gixen a pint
of liast}' pudding, at other times a pint of boiled rice: this
rice was olten wormy and vou had to look closelv in order
to see which was a worm or kernel of rice : at other times
they would gi\'e us a pint of cow peas cooked with the
stems and lea\"es just as thev were taken iVom the thresh-
ing floor : once I had these stems and leaxes taken out
from my portion, leaving about three tablespoonluls of
beans. These rations were given once in twent\'-four
hours. Should any prisoner escape during the night, the
New Hampshire Volunteers. 547
rations were cut off from that half of the stockade to which
he belonged for twenty-four hours. The prisoners were
obliged to fall into line every morning and were counted
by Captain Wirtz and his aids.
" Along in May, prisoners were brought in from New
York regiments, consisting of bounty jumpers and the
rougher element from that great city, who formed them-
selves into raiding parties ; and whenever they saw any
of the prisoners with money or watches, or anything
which they desired, they would make a raid upon them in
the night and forcibly take it from them. These acts of
lawlessness were usually accompanied by more or less
disturbance, which endangered the peace and safety of the
rest of the prisoners, as orders had been issued by the
general commanding the guard, that if any tumult oc-
curred in the stockade, which did not immediately cease,
the three batteries of artillery which commanded the stock-
ade would open lire and shell it until every man was
killed. In view of this danger, the better class of the
prisoners went to Captain Wirtz and stated the cause of
disturbance to him, and handed him a list of over one
hundred names of those who had been disturbing the quiet
of the prison, and asked him to arrest them and hold them
outside the stockade while they themselves would form a
court consisting of judge, jury, and lawyer, who would
try the offenders. This he consented to do, and accord-
ingly each one received a fair trial. About fifteen were
sentenced to wear a ball and chain for three months ; six
were sentenced to be hung, the rest were allowed to return
to the stockade with the understanding that if caught in
any other scrapes they would be severely dealt with with-
out any further trial.
" On July 10, requisition having been made for lumber
with which to build sinks, Wirtz furnished the right kind
of lumber as he knew the object for which it would be
548 History of the Seventh Regiment
used, and the prisoners immediately commenced the erec-
tion of a gallows. On the following morning, July 11,
Wirtz brought the six prisoners who had been sentenced to
be hung inside the stockade and delivered them up to the
men who had formed the court which had tried and sen-
tenced them. One of the prisoners broke away, saying
that they shouldn't hang him, but by the time the others
had been put upon the scaffold and the rope put about
their necks, he was back and the rope around his neck also.
The prisoners were asked if they had anything to say for
themselves why they should not be hung ; only one said
anything, he declared his innocence of the crime for
which he had been tried, but confessed to having commit-
ted murder sometime previous, so they concluded to hang
him for that. After prayer by the chaplain, the spring
was touched and the six guilty men received their just
deserts. The rope of one broke, and he fell to the ground
with the cry, ' For God's sake, save me, save me.' He
was immediately seized, the drop put into place, and the
rope tied and again swung off, this time successfully.
From this time forward the stockade was as quiet as a
Sabbath morning.
" Sometime in the early part of July, the surgeons ap-
peared to become very solicitous for our welfare, and desired
the prisoners to be vaccinated, as they feared small-pox
would break out in the prison. A number of the prisoners
consented; this was a fatal mistake, for when the virus
began to work gangrene would get into the sore and eat
the flesh from the muscles and veins and bone of the arm,
necessitating the amputation of the arm, which would
invariably be followed by death. Of all the cases of am-
putation which came under my observation, but one
survived.
" During the months of June, July, and August, the
death-rate reached its highest figures, averaging over one
thousand per month. Those wiio died during the day
New Hampshire Volunteers. 549
were brought to the gate and laid side by side, like sticks
of cord wood ; those who died during the night remained
where they were until morning, when they were brought
and laid beside their fellows, when the dead cart would
arrive and convey them to their burial place. Soon after
the war ceased the government had a cemetery made at
Andersonville, in which those who died in prison were
buried, and men are constantly employed by the govern-
ment to care for this cemetery. Flowers are grown upon
the graves and the walks and everything about the ceme-
tery are kept in perfect order, while from a flagstaff from
sunrise to sunset the flag which these men loved so well in
life, floats over their silent graves !
" On the first of June, it commenced to rain, and rained
ev^ery day for twenty-one days, and about this time three
hundred prisoners were brought in who could find but
little or no shelter, and were obliged to lie upon the wet
ground nights ; in consequence of this, at the end of three
months only thirty-four of the three hundred were left to
tell the story of their suffering.
" In the latter part of August, I began to be troubled
with scurvy, which first showed itself in my gums, then in
the cords of my legs, which began to swell and contract, my
legs being bent back at the knees so that my heels almost
touched my hips, and I was unable to take a single step.
" About the first of September, the authorities began to
remove the prisoners from Andersonville, as they thought
General Sherman was going to come down there to liberate
us. In the middle of September, orders were given to
my detachment to be ready to maixh at a moment's notice,
and that all persons who could not take care of themselves
must be left behind in the hospital ; as I knew this was
almost certain death, I determined to make every possible
effort to get away with my detachment ; this seemed hope-
less, as I could neither see nor take a single step. About
550 History of the Seventh Regiment
6 o'clock in the evening, a friend procured me some
cold water with which I bathed my knees freely, rubbing
the cords vigorously, which so relieved me that I was
able to walk for half an hour. I then gave them another
good bathing, and, after eating a few mouthfuls of food
which I had left, I lay down for the night. The follow-
ing morning as I had no breakfast to get, I gave my knees
another good bathing and rubbing, and as I was on the
point of again practicing, the order came for our detach-
ment to fall in, which was very fortunate for me, as it
found me in a good condition for marching. When the
order was given to march, they told us to lock arms two
by two ; this gave me a guide and so enabled me to get
by those who were inspecting us as we marched out, and
I can assure you I was glad to bid adieu to that prison of
horrors, Andersonville.
"When we arrived within one hundred yards of the
depot, the column was halted, and as my limbs were pain-
ing me I sat down upon the ground ; this was a mistake,
for my legs resumed their old position, and when the col-
umn moved I was unable to take a step. Two of my
comrades said I shouldn't be left behind, and seizing me
under each arm, helped me along, dragging one foot after
the other on the n-round ; as we had to cross three railroad
tracks, this was a very painful experience. I was placed
in a box car with other prisoners, and soon the train
started for Savannah, Ga., where we remained thirty-six
hours, being kindly treated and well fed. We were then
put aboard a freight train and sent to Charleston, S. C.
On our arrival at that place, I was lifted from the car and
placed upon the ground. Soon two of my comrades came
running along and stopped to speak to me. I asked them
where they were going ; they said we were close to a river
and they were going to take a bath, as they had been
unable to do so for more than six months. As I expressed
New Hampshire Volunteers. 551
a desire to enjoy the same blessing, they promised as soon
as they had finished their bath to come and give me one
also, which they did, much to my comfort and benefit.
" As they were taking me into the water, a rebel soldier
(who had been a prisoner at the North and been ex-
changed) came along, and asked what was being done,
and what was the matter with me. Upon being told, he
handed them a towel and some soap, saying, ' give him a
good wash,' and immediately went away. As they were
bringing me out of the water, after my bath, the soldier
returned, and gave me a pair of cotton pants and a shirt,
saying they were much better than the rags which I had
been wearing. After I was dressed, he gave me a ten-
dollar bill, saying I would find a use for it before I got
home. Of course I thanked him heartily for his kindness,
and have always regretted I did not learn his name. My
comrades then carried me and left me near the railroad
track where they had found me. Soon I, with others
who could not walk, was put into an open wagon, and
driven through the city to the other side of it, where we
were to remain for a while ; when passing a bakery in the
city, the same soldier who had befriended me came out with
three loaves of bread, and throwing them into the wagon,
said they were for the blind man. I got one of them,
the other two were divided among the rest of the team.
" After I had been in Charleston a few days, I was
taken sick with chronic diarrhoea, and I knew unless I
could get help soon, I could n't stand it but a short time ;
but fortunately for me, three or four days later I was
admitted to a hospital, where I received good medical
attendance, proper food, and had a good bed, and the
greater part of the time during four days and nights, I
enjoyed a restful sleep. In about two weeks I was so far
recovered as to be able to walk. As fast as the prisoners
got well at the hospital, they were sent to Florence or
Columbia, S. C.
552 History of the Seventh Reihment
" When I was nearly recovered, I asked the doctor if he
was troino- to send me to the stockade as soon as I was
able to (:jo. He said he would be obliged to do so, as men
were d3'ing for want of care which could be given them in
the hospital. I told him I should certainly die if I was
again sent to the stockade, and it would be just as well
for him to save m\ life as an\-, and a great deal better for
me. I settled it in m\- own mind that if it could possibly
be helped, I would not again go to the stockade.
"When I was pronounced well, I was placed on full
diet, and could get all the food I wanted ; as we always
knew a day or two before a squad was to leave, I would
secrete a part of my food, and the night before a squad
was to leave, I would eat so much as to make myself sick
and unfit to be sent away. This I did at two different
times, and the cloctor understood m\' condition and told
me not to do it an\' more, as he had decided to keep me
as long as anyone stayed ; and I remained in Charleston
imtil I was exchanged.
'' On the morning of November 28, a messenger came
from the provost marshal's office at Charleston, the mes-
senger was a prisoner like myself, and he told me that we
were going to be exchanged, and ambulances would arrive
in about an hour to carry us to the city. This seemed too
flood to be true, but the ambulances came and took the
worst cases and started for the cit\-. At the provost mar-
shal's office we were met with the intelligence that the
Yankees had captured the railroad between that city and
Savannah, and we must return to the hospital. This news
was soon contradicted, however, and we started Ibr the
depot, and were put into box cars on a freight train and
started for Savannah, where we were to be paroled ; and
although it was liut ninety miles it took the train nineteen
hours to reach the city. They were so afraid the Yankees
would capture the train that they would stop every two or
New Hampshire Volunteers. 553
three miles to telegraph to see if the road was clear. We
left Charleston at 10 p. m., the 2Sth, and reached Savannah
at 5 p. M., the 29th.
" On the morning of the 30th, we were taken on one of
their steamers down the harbor and transferred to one of
the United States vessels, and it would be hard to find a
happier set of men than we were when we found our-
selves once more under the protection of the stars and
stripes.
" After we had been on board our vessel about one hour,
they brought us each one hard-tack and a piece of fat pork
about an inch square ; this was the sweetest and best
meal I think I ever enjoyed in my life. The vessel we
were on carried us to Hilton Head, S. C, where we were
transferred to the steamer ' George Leary,' which had
been fitted up for our use to convey us to Annapolis, Md.,
where we arrived December 4. Here we received new
clothing and the best of care, and were paid our back
ration and clothing money.
" I remained at that place two weeks, and having
received a furlough I went to Philadelphia, where I re-
mained three days. I then started for New Hampshire,
and arrived safely home at 4 o'clock in the afternoon of
the 23d of December, just three years, one month, and
twenty-four days from the time I enlisted. I shall not
attempt to describe my feelings on reaching home, for it
would be impossible to do so.
" For want of space I have omitted a great many par-
ticulars with regard to the horrors of Andersonville, as
well as a great many other incidents of prison life which
would no doubt have been interesting and instructive, but
the foregoing narrative will suffice to give a faint idea of
the sufferings endured by prisoners of war, while in the
hands of the Confederate authorities."
554 History of the Seventh Regiment
George Whitefield Abbott.
George Whitefield Abbott, son of Nathaniel and Mary
Fitts Abbott, was born at West Boscawen (now Webster),
N. H., on March 13, 1837. His father was a tarmer, he
also remaining with him on the farm until he was nineteen
years of age.
His grandfather was a soldier of the Revolutionary
War, serving in Colonel Peabody's regiment. Soon after
his discharge from the service he took up wild forest land,
making himself a farm and building a log house for a
home. The same farm was the home of the subject of
this sketch, although he does not remember the log house.
Finding farming too monotonous for his nature he
obtained a position in a store in Boston, but returned to
New Hampshire in 1861, entering the grocery business
with his brother at Fisherville (now Penacook), but the
following year he disposed of his part of the business to
enter the service, enlisting in August, 1862, being assigned
to Company E, Seventh N. H. Volunteers.
He followed the fortunes of his regiment, and was
severely wounded at the battle of Olustee, Fla., on Febru-
ary 20, 1864.
After remaining in hospital at Beaufort, S. C, until the
following May, he rejoined his regiment at Yorktown,
Va., just in season to go with them with the Butler ex-
pedition to Bermuda Hundred, on the James River.
At the close of the war in 1865, he returned to Pena-
cook, N. H., and again entered the mercantile line, follow-
ing that and manufacturing until the present time.
After several years of retail trade in both the dry goods
and clothing business, in 1882, he, in company with Joseph
E. Symonds, who was also a member of Company E,
Seventh Regiment, formed a copartnership for the manu-
facture of tables, desks, bookcases, etc., which business
New Hampshire Volunteers. 555
was rapidly developed until it demanded the employment
of about tbrty men, and*is to-day one of the largest of its
kind in New England.
In addition to the duties of his own business, he is presi-
dent of the Penacook Electric Light Company, a director
in the New Hampshire Fruit Company, and also a director
in both the Concord Street Railway and the First National
Bank of Concord, N. H.
He was presidential elector on the Republican ticket of
1892, and was representative from Ward i of Concord in
the legislature of 1895 ^"<^^ 1S96. He is also president of
the Penacook Board of Trade at Ward i, at the present
time.
Joseph E. Symonds.
Joseph E. Symonds, Company E, Seventh N. H. Vol-
unteers, was born December 8, 1840. He spent his youth
on a farm until 1S60, when he entered the employ of
Charles Turner, at Clinton Village (i\ntrim), where he
remained until the spring of 1862, when he removed to
Fisherville (now Penacook). He enlisted in x\ugust of
that year with Sergt. Robert Burt, to recruit Company E ;
was discharged July, 1865, and returned to Fisherville.
Removed to Concord in 1868. Commenced the manufac-
ture of extension tables in 1873 ; formed copartnership
with Mr. George W. Abbott in 1882, and removed the
business to Penacook, where it was burned out in 1888.
The firm purchased the shop near the depot, which they
occupy at the present time.
Corp. John W. Hayden.
Corp. John W. Hayden, son of Samuel and Harriet
(Needham) Hayden, was born June 12, 1838, at Hollis,
N. H. He was educated in the district and high schools
556 History of the Seventh Regiment
in Ilollis. Lived on llie homestead during his minority,
then spent one year in Massachusetts. After returning to
New Hampshire he taught school successfully.
Soon after the war broke out he let't his school, and en-
listed October 21, iS6i, in Capt. N. M. Ames's compan}- ;
entered Camp Hale, Manchester, November 5 ; was mus-
tered into service November 12, 1861 ; appointed corporal
November 14, 1861. While in Manchester he was ordered
on detective service, looking after deserters, and performed
his duties verv acceptably to the regimental officers. He
went with his regiment when it was ordered South, and
was quartered with the company in the White Street bar-
racks in New ^'ork citv. Having volunteered to relieve a
sick comrade, his last duty was performed at the door of
the White Street barracks, where he acted as sergeant of
the guard. After being relieved he went directly to the
regimental hospital, where he died of typhoid pneumonia
February 8, 1S62. His body was returned to Hollis and
buried in the family lot.
Skr(;t. Daniel W. HavdExN.
Sergt. Daniel W. Hayden was the third of the four sons
of Samuel and Harriet (Needham) Hayden, and the
youngest of the three who served in the war. He was
born in Hollis, June i, 1840. His boyhood was spent on
the farm. His education was received in the district and
high schools of his native town, supplemented by a course
in civil encfineerinff. Enlisted at Hollis, October 21, 1S61,
and was mustered into the United States service at Camp
Hale, Manchester, November 12, 1861 ; appointed cor-
poral December 15, 1862. At the occupation of Morris
Island, Corporal Hayden was the first man posted at the
extreme front Iw Lieutenant Worcester, and with Curtis,
of Company A, Merrill and Lovering, of Company H,
and sixteen others, held the line against the heavy force
of skirmishers sent bv the enemv to dislodge them.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 557
At the assault on Wagner, July 18, 1863, he received
his first wound, while on the parapet. Was ordered to
the hospital at Folly Island, and later to hospital No. 12,
at Beaufort, S. C. Returned to his regiment September 5,
and was in his company at the capture of forts Wagner
and Gregg, September 7, 1863.
Corporal Hayden, always a worker, rendered efficient
service in rebuilding batteries and moving and mounting
heavy guns. He was promoted to sergeant February 3,
1864. In the Florida campaign he was with the company
and was one of the volunteers under Lieutenant Farley to
lead the night advance from Jacksonville on Camp Finne-
gan. Was with the regiment at Olustee, where he re-
ceived a bad wound on the left side of his head at the close
of the battle. Having been assisted off the field by com-
rades, he traveled on foot to Barber's Station, thirteen
miles, in the night, and came into camp at 3 a. m. crazy
from the effects of his wound. Went to Jacksonville, where
his head was examined and the skull was found to be
badly fractured. The broken bone was removed from his
head while he was on board the steamer " Cosmopolitan."
Then he went to the hospital at Hilton Head. Discharged
for wounds received in battle, April 28, 1864, at Hilton
Head, S. C.
Since the war Sergeant Hayden has been engaged in
the lumber business in his native town to a large extent.
He is the senior member of the firm of Hayden Brothers,
who own a large tract of timber land and two mills driven
by water-power ; also manufacture kegs and barrels for the
Boston and Western markets. Their business is such,
that, with one exception, they pay the largest tax in their
town, and have interests in several other places also.
Mr. Hayden is highly esteemed by his townsmen, and
has just closed his third year successfully as one of the
selectmen of the town.
558 History of the Seventh Regiment
Sergt. George A. Burge.
Sergt. George A. Burge, of Company H, was born in
Hollis, N. H., March 5, 1843, and was educated in the
schools of the town of Hollis ; out of school hours he was
busil}' engaged on his father's farm, until October, 1861,
when he enlisted in the company then being recruited at
Hollis, N. H., bv Capt. N. M. Ames, and was mustered
into service December 14, 1861. In August, 1862, he was
promoted to corporal, and in December, 1863, he was pro-
moted to sergeant. He took part in all the battles and
skirmishes in which his company participated, and he has a
record of never having been in a hospital a day during his
enlistment, except to take care of some sick comrade. He
was one of the tirst picket guards placed at the " Swamp
Angel," and at one time got lost in a picket boat in the
extensive marshes between Fort Johnson and Morris
Island, and was obliged to wait until the appearance of
daylight in order to get the bearings correctly, that he
might get back to Morris Island safely.
After the war Sergeant Burge went to South Carolina,
where for two vears he was enfraged in raisingf cotton, and
afterwards lived on the homestead farm in Hollis for three
or four years, and was engaged in the lumber business ;
then, for some ten years, he was the principal merchant in
Hollis, and for ten years postmaster. For twelve years he
was clerk and town treasurer, and served as selectman.
He then engaged in the carriage business in Nashua,
N. H., and followed the business of an auctioneer for about
five years ;, since then has been engaged in the sale
stable business in Boston, where he is now engaged, but
he resides in Nashua, N. H.
He did not re-enlist, but was mustered out of service
December 22, 1864, with those of the regiment who did
not veteranize.
New Hampshire Volunteers. 559
Sergt. Winslow J. Spalding.
Sergt. Winslow J. Spalding, of Company H, enlisted
October 14, 1861, as private, and was appointed corporal;
he was promoted to sergeant August 25, 1864, and was
discharged December 27, 1864.
He was wounded and taken prisoner on the parapet at
Fort Wagner, Charleston, S. C, Jul}- 18, 1863, and
was exchanged and rejoined his company, Januar}^ 3,
1864.
" The people of the North know comparatively little of
the sutierings of our soldiers in the Confederate prisons
during the late war. A few lines from the experience of
one who came through by the skin of his teeth, as it were,
may not be amiss.
" For the sake of the matter to be told, I hope to be
pardoned the frequent use of the first personal pronoun.
"On the night of the i8th of July, 1863, it was my mis-
fortune to fall into the hands of the Confederates as a
prisoner of war. On the morning of the 19th, I and my
comrades in affliction were ushered into Charleston jail.
We remained there three days, when we were packed into
cattle cars and pushed on to Columbia, S. C. ; there we
were locked in the state prison for two months. Our living
consisted of corn meal which had been wet up without salt
and dried on the top of an old stove ; this we had twice
during the day. Not being very chicken-hearted, we did
not thrive on dough.
" The Confederates did not allow us to see their news-
papers, but, as good luck would have it, a true Union
woman lived next door to the jail, and in the evening,
when all was quiet, she would read the news aloud for our
benefit. This lasted about a week, when it was reported
to the Confederate headquarters, by one of the prison
guards, and we were cut off from our evening readings.
But soon one of my comrades, of course he was a Yankee,
560 History of the Seventh Regiment
said, keep quiet, boys, and we will soon have a paper and
read it ourselves. When it began to grow dark he tied a
large nail to a string and threw it through the grated
window into the Union lady's yard. In a few moments he
had a bite, hauled in his line, and dangling from the nail
was the ' Charleston Mercury.' After that we went fishing
every night, and always with success.
" On the 22d of September, we were sent to Richmond,
Va. We passed through the capital of North Carolina
and Petersburg, Va., and reached the City of Richmond
on the evening of the 26th. We were marched to the
Libby Prison, and, strange to say, they quite forgot to
give us anything to eat or drink. But we didn't mind it
much, as we were told that we would be paroled and sent
to our lines in the morning.
" But, alas ! to-morrow and to-morrow crept on, until six
more weary months passed in durance vile, which opened
up to us all the horrors of death in life.
" On the 27th, we were searched, and robbed of money,
blankets, haversacks, and canteens. Yes, and more. If
a poor fellow happened to have a good pair of shoes, they
would kindly relieve him of them.
" A watch which I took from a dying comrade of my
company on Fort Wagner was passed back to me. After
pleading with and telling the Confederate that it was a re-
quest of the dying man that I should send it to his father,
I was able to retain it until I reached home, and delivered
it to the father, a Mr. Berry, of Hudson, N. H., though
many times starvation pressed me hard to exchange it for
the eighty loaves of bread it would have brought.
" After the search they marched us over to Belle Island,
minus blankets, and some without coat or shoes. Soon
the nights began to grow cool with cold rain-storms. For
nearly two months we were without shelter of any kind,
and were obliged to lie down in the mud at night, not even
New Hampshire Volunteers. 561
a board to keep us out of the wet. There were about
ten thousand on the island as prisoners, and from ten to
fifteen would die every night from starvation and exposure.
Our rations were hardly enough to sustain life. Eight
ounces of bread and two ounces of meat per day served
for our two raeals. The bread was made without salt,
and none was allowed for the meat. Sometimes we were
treated to a miserable liquid which was called soup, so
full of minute bugs that it could only be swallowed through
the closed teeth. Woe unto the poor fellow who had
lost a tooth, for he was likely to get more bugs than soup.
" The meat was soon discontinued, and we had for a time
only raw sweet potatoes, with no means for cooking them.
The men were driven to strange extremities ; starvation
made manv of them worse than beasts. A fat little dog
belonging to a Confederate officer by some mischance
strayed into the enclosure and was literally torn to pieces
and the meat eaten raw. So we dragged along, till
typhoid fever and pneumonia took me prisoner. I was
sent over to Richmond and put into a building very simi-
lar to the Libby Prison. In this building there were about
five hundred patients, and patient indeed they were ; poor,
helpless, uncared for fellows.
" During the month of January, one hundred and ten of
this number died, and the average mortality through Feb-
ruary was twelve per day. None of the bedding was
changed during the three months I lay there. It is easy
to imagine how long a very sick person would live under
such treatment. The number captured and taken to Rich-
mond with me, belonging to the Seventh New Hampshire,
was fourteen ; only four lived to get back to the Union
lines. The food given to the sick was the same as the
prisoners had on Belle Island. Those sick with fevers
had nothing to nourish them but a small piece of corn
bread and cold water twice a day. Over fifty were
3G
562 History of the Seventh Regiment
brought to the building I was confined in, with frozen feet,
and they would live until their feet dropped off up to their
ankles, when, if the Confederate doctors had attended
them in a proper manner, there might have been a chance
for some of the poor fellows.
" Some curious experiments were tried » by those who
were sufficiently daring, to get to the Union lines, and
often with success. One fellow, who was acting as nurse,
told the men if they would put him into a blanket and
carry him to the dead house, which was outside of the
guard, and nail him carelessly in a coffin, he would take
care of what followed. Accordingly the thing was done,
and the next morning the old darkey started with his load
of dead for a burial place outside of the city. When
they were a safe distance out the nurse gave the coffin lid
a kick. The darkey gave one frightful 3-ell and fled
toward Richmond, while the dead man went on his way
rejoicing.
"On the 2ist of March, 1864, I was paroled, and
when I reached the Union lines and saw "Old Glor}' "
once more, a happier boy never lived than Winslow J.
Spalding."
He now resides at Roslindale, Mass.
Sergt. Otis A. Merrill.
Sergt. Otis Addison Merrill, the eldest son of Benjamin
A. and Mary J. (Winn) Merrill, was born in Hudson,
N. H., August 22, 1844, and is a descendant of Nathaniel
Merrill, an emigrant from England, who settled in New-
bury, Mass., in 1634.
His early life before the war was spent on his father's
farm. His education was obtained at the district schools
of his native town. At the breaking out of the War of
the Rebellion he felt that it was his duty to serve his coun-
try, and enlisted August 14, 1862, as a private in Com-
New Hampshire Volunteers. 563
pan}' H, Seventh N. H. Volunteers, joining the regiment
at St. Augustine, Fla., September 17, 1862. He was in
every battle and skirmish in which the regiment partici-
pated with the single exception of the second assault on
Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18, 1S63. He was an eye-wit-
ness of the assault from his post of duty as a guard. He
was detailed during the siege of Morris Island, S. C, as
a sharpshooter, under Capt. Richard Ela, of the Third
N. H. Volunteers. He was awarded a Gillmore medal of
honor for o-allant and meritorious conduct at the siege of
Charleston, on Morris Island, S. C, which was not pre-
sented him until June 19, 1864. He was promoted to
corporal, to date trom August 25, 1864, and was soon after
detailed as one of the color guards, in which capacity he
served until his promotion to sergeant, January 26, 1865.
At Wilmington, N. C, he was detailed bv General Haw-
ley to take charge of tour hundred colored people on
board a transport and report to General Gillmore at Hilton
Head, S. C.
During his last month's duty at Wilmington he acted as
first sergeant of the provost guard, which was composed
of a detail of one hundred and twenty-five men from
General x\bbott's brigade. He was hit by rebel bullets
four times, but was not hurt severely enough to be reported
on the list of wounded. He left the regiment June 25,
1865, by reason of the expiration of his term of enlist-
ment, and received a final discharge at Concord, N. H.,
July 7, 1865.
After his return home he learned the trade of carpenter
and joiner in Haverhill, Mass., at the same time taking up
the study of architecture. He moved to Lowell, Mass.,
in 1869, and followed his trade until 1873, when he gave
all his time to the study and practice of architecture, and
was for a short time in partnership with Charles S. Eaton ;
in 1883, the firm of Merrill & Cutler was formed and
504 History of the Seventh Regiment
has continued in business to the present time. Among
the pubHc buildings designed by this firm are the Concord
High School building, Concord, N. H. : the Young Men's
Christian Association building, New Bedford, Mass. : the
Town Hall, Wilton, N. H. : the First Congregational
Church, Odd Fellows' building, Central Fire Station,
Old Ladies' Home, the Lowell Armory, and the new
City Hall, all of Lowell, Mass. He now resides in
Lowell, Mass.
Samuel A. Simonds.
Samuel A. Simonds was born in Princeton, Mass., and
at the time of his enlistment was thirty-eight years of age.
At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he re-
sided in the town of Dunbarton, N. H., and when the
Seventh New Hampshire was being recruited he deter-
mined to go to the front in the defense of his country and
flag ; therefore he enlisted as a private in Company K,
on the second day of November, 1861, under Capt.
Warren E. F. Brown, and after serving nearly his whole
enlistment was killed at the battle of Laurel Hill (New
Market Road), Va., October 7, 1864.
New Hampshire Volunteers.
565
HEADQUARTERS SE^■E^'TH X. H. VET-
ERAN ASSOCIATION, WEIRS, X. H.
The Seventh New Hampshire Veteran
Association.
The first meeting of the veterans of the Seventh New
Hampshire was at Manchester, N. H., in August, 1875,
but no steps toward an organization were made until
August, 1878, when a meeting was called at Weirs,
N. H., and the organization of the Seventh New Hamp-
shire Veteran Association was perfected, and a president,
vice-president, secretary and treasurer, and a regimental
historian (H. F. W. Little) were chosen. At that time
but few were present, but an effort was made to have the
surviving comrades take an interest in the matter of these
reunions, and in August, 1S79. another meeting was held
566 History of the Seventh Regiment
at the same place, a State Veterans' Association having
been formed which invited all regimental associations to
hold their reunions at Weirs, the State having made an
appropriation tor buildings or barracks, and the Concord
& Montreal Railroad Company having appropriated land
for the purpose. In August, 1880, fifty-seven comrades
of the Seventh Regiment reported present, and the asso-
ciation became an assured success, increasing in numbers
each year. A list, as far as could be ascertained, of all
survivors of the Seventh New Hampshire was made, and
a record of the deaths which occurred was kept, as was
also a record of each meeting, which was to occur during
the last full week in August, or the first week in Septem-
ber, of each year.
In August, 18S4, a special meeting was called to select
a lot of land and see what steps could be taken to erect a
headquarters building, which should be the home of the
comrades of the Seventh when attending these reunions,
and a committee was appointed, to be called a " Building
Committee," consisting of Comrades James M. Seavey,
of Meredith, George W. Abbott, of Penacook, Otis A.
Merrill, of Lowell, and H. F. W. Little, of Manchester:
Comrade J. F. Cotton, who was then president of the
association, was afterwards added, and by virtue of his
office was placed at the head of the committee.
Steps were at once taken to raise the necessary funds,
and at the reunion of 1885, a building had been erected,
which, although not wholly completed, had cost $1,293.74.
Between three and four hundred dollars more was after-
wards laid out in improvements and in completing the
building, and the Seventh has to-day one of the prettiest
and most convenient buildings upon the grounds. The
plans for the building were designed by Comrade Otis A.
Merrill, one of the building committee. The building is
most pleasantly located on the shores of the beautiful Lake
New Hampshire Volunteers. 567
Winnipesaukee, and from its broad piazzas a beautiful
view of the lake and its numerous islands is obtained,
while towering hills and mountains are seen in the back-
ground.
Thus the permanent location of the Seventh New
Hampshire Veteran Association has been assured, while
any comrades survive.
The officers of the association for the present year
(1896) are :
President — Granville P. Mason.
Vice-President — Francis White.
Secretary and Historian — H. F. W. Little.
Treasurer — Darius Merrill.
Trustees — Otis A. Merrill, D. W. Hayden, and George
W. Abbott.
Sergeant-at-Arms — William F. Spalding.
Delegate to the N. H. Veterans' Association — William
E. Dow.
COMPLETE ROSTER
SEVENTH REGIMENT
New Hampshire Volunteers.
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INDEX TO CONTENTS.
Illustrations are indicated by III., in small capitals after the subject.
See List of Ilhtstrations, Page vii.
Portraits of men whose names are indexed are indicated by figures in
full face type. See Brown, Surg. William W. See fiill List of Portraits,
Page ix.
PAGE.
A, Company, mustered into United States service ... 4
recruited ........ 4
"A" tent (III.) . . 206
Abbott, Gen. Joseph C, authorized to raise a regiment . . i
biography of .... 8, 463
commands a brigade . . 244, 317, 354
commissioner to exchange prisoners . 417
Dickinson, Captain, pursuit of . .92
farewell order to three years' men . . 346
muskets, on the exchange of . .218
report of Deep Bottom battles . . 295
Dairy's Bluff battles . . 254
Petersburg expedition . . 266
" Tycoon," commands troops on . .34
Abbott, George W., biography of .... . 164, 554
Abbott Guards 2, 523
Absent from roll-call ......... 90
Accidentally killed, Henry Ball 59
Advance attempted on Darbytown Road ..... 327
on Drury's Bluff, Va. ....... 247
Alarm gun fired at St. Augustine ..... 7J, 79
Ames, Capt. N. M., biography of 208,489
Anderson, Col. R. H., (Con.), and Colonel Putnam's body . • 171
Andersonville prison, escape from ...... 442
Armorer, regimental, William Mason ..... 48, 448
Army corps badges (III.) ........ 285
Tenth, formed 82
II
Index.
Army Corps, Tentli, reorganized
cliscontinued
rcvi\e(l
Army ot" the Oliio, in the .
James, formation of
Potomac at I'etershurg
Army rations ....
Artillery duels at Petersburg
Assault of Confederates at Laurel Hill
on Fort Fisher, official re])orts
P^irt Wagner, first
second
regiments engage(
formation for
a failure
third ordered
Attack. l)oat, on Fort C^regg
Fort Sumter at night
at IJeaufort Ferry, of artillery .
Drury"s Plulf in the night .
on Charleston, April, 1863
Morris Island
Authority t<^ organize Seventh Regiment
B, Companv, mustered into I'uited -States s
recruited
Pnidges, corps (Ii-L.).
Ijaldwin Station, regiment at
Confederates at
Hall, Menr\-, accidentally killed .
Ball, ofticers", at Camp Hale
Pianquet in New York given by Sons of Ne\
Barbour's Plantation, regiment at
Barracks at St. Augustine .
Battalion drill at (ioldsboro
Batteries trained on Cliarleston .
on Folly Island
open on .Morris Isi;
plan of ( li.i..)
on Morris Island, established
renamed .
16,
-Jj
Hampshin
PAGE.
278
420
24. 434
-39
267
:4, 198, 288
300
311
^. 377
1 1 1
117
]20
123
8-175
158
185
59
249
45°
107
I
5
4
2S5
212
^31
59
17
26
7«
429
193
106
108
190
1 12
189
Index.
Ill
Batteries on Morris Island, naval
number
Batter}', a section of liglit (III,)
First New Hampshire Light
Marsh, on Morris Island
how built .
Mosquito, description of
near Dutch Gap, Va., (III.)
Requa (III.)
Battle near Chester Station
of Deep Bottom
Drury's Bluff
Laurel Hill .
incidents at
Lempster Hill
Olustee
Battles and engagements, official list
Beacon House (III.)
Beaufort, N. C, arrival off
Beaufort Ferrv, S. C, picket tiring at
Beaufort, S. C, regiment at
Beef, fresh, at St. Augustine
Bermuda Hundred, Va., arrive at
Confederates evacuate at
duties at
earthworks at
earthworks at ( III.)
fighting on the picket line
losses at, June i6, 1864
official report of, June 16,
on the picket lines at
regiment bivouacks in the
regiment leaves
Sixth Corps at
Billy Wilson's Zouaves at Fort Jetterson
Biographical sketches
Bird Key, small-pox hospital at .
Birney, General, commands Tenth Corps
death of .
Bivouack in a snow-storm .
Boat attack on Fort Gregg
35
71,
24
at
1864
PAGE.
150
150
3
144
135
168
299
168
244
292
247
309
316
244
220
435
114
5^378
60
56
81, 84
242
267
259
254
253
262
270
274
276
353
298
272
39
460
51
284
326
353
158
IV
Index.
Boat attack on Fort Sumter
Bombarding Folly Island by Confederates
Bombardment of Fort Fisher
Fort Wagner .
Bomb-proof ( III.) .....
Bowles, Sergt. Martin M. .
Boynton, Asst. Surg. Henry, biography of .
Bridge at Smiths's Creek saved .
Bridge, pontoon, at Jones's Landing ( III.)
Brigade formation on Morris Island
Brooks, General, to command Tenth Army Corps
relieved of command
Major, report of the saps, etc., on Morris Islan
Brown, Surg. William W., biography of
resigned
Capt. W. E. F., biography of .
Hospital Steward William G., biography of
Buck, Ebenezer, and Corporal Shannon
Bugle-calls, drilled by ....
Bunton, Surg. S., commissioned
biography of .
Burge, Sergt. George A., biography of
Buried at sea ......
364.
Butler, Maj. Gen. Benj. F.
commands the Army of the James
corps commanders of .
Fort Fisher, expedition under
headquarters near Dutch Gap (III,
in New York, election of 1864
official report at City Point .
reviews Tenth Army Corps .
the regiment at Camp Hale
Ware Bottom Church ambush
C, Company, mustered into United States service
recruited
Camp at Beaufort, S. C. .
Camp at Petersburg .
Camp Hale, as it now is
ball at
drill at .
leave for the war
PAGE.
. 185
. 104
2,73^ 374
1 16, 161
. 166
• 442
■ 479
. 411
290
174, 194
. 278
. 283
169
24, 473
. 284
■ 49'
• 525
. 46
• 235
283, 300
32, 476
218, 558
• 35
352, 240
2 C 2
362
)
261
332
241
241
19
2 J.2
4
4
56
301
12
17
15
20
Index.
PAGE.
9
2
. 128
• 57
. 289
109
20S, 216, 235, 304, 424
93-
Camp Hale, liquor in .
where situated .
Camp kettles ( III.) . ...
Camp Stevens, at Beaufort Ferry, S. C.
Canal, Dutch Gap ....
Capture of the lower end of Morris Island
Carbines, Spencer ....
Spencer ( III.) .
left wing exchange .
Carpenter, regimental
Carr, "old," of St. Augustine
and Lieutenant Fogg
Cate, Lieutenant, and others taken prisoners at St. Augustine
Chaplain J. C. Emerson taken prisoner
returns to the regiment .
Charleston, S. C, expedition to, April, 1863
General Hunter's e.xpedition to
Greek fire used at .
harbor obstructions ....
shelled by Union batteries
the defense of, by Major Johnson (Con.)
Chase, Chief Justice, visits Wilmington
Chase, Capt. J. M., biography of ... .
Chatfield, battery .......
Chest, treasure, of Fort Marion .....
Chester Station, battle near .....
Cheves, Captain (Con.), planned Fort Wagner .
Chevrons of non-commissioned officers (III.)
Christian Commission ......
Citizens sent outside the lines .....
Clerk, company .......
Clifford, Capt. J. E., biography of ... .
Clinch, Fort ........
Coburn, Capt. J. A., biography of ... .
Commanders of batteries on Morris Island {See Tenth Army Corps^
Commissioned, field officers
into other organizations
Commissions issued .... 48,60,81, 154, 191, 330, 351
404, 405, 420, 425, 428
Companies at Fort Marion ........ 75
St. Augustine barracks ...... 78
30s
216
47
IZ
73
89
307
416
450
450
• 147
. 201
142, 193
. 184
• 424
112, 486
. 183
74
• 244
. 181
. 246
• 337
■ 91
18
80, 500
• 99
• 504
150
13
433
VI
IXDEX.
Companies, five, ordered to Hilton Head
return from Cliarle.ston
in the Charleston expedition, April. 1S63
Compan) clerk .....
Concord, N. H., regiment arrives at .
Confederates at IJaldwin .Station
assault at Laurel Hill
discouraged
dispatches
evacuate works at Ijermuda Hundred
tiank us at Drury's BlulT .
night attack at Drury's Blufif
Cooking in a fireplace
Corps badges ( III. )
" Cossack,'' live com]:)anies leave on the
Cotton, Capt. J. F., biography of
Council of War at Fort Wagner ...
•' Cover"' .Moultrie, etc. ....
Crossing .St. Augustine bar.
Curtis, Capt. G. A., biography of
D, Company, first to report at Camp Hale .
mustered into United States service
poultry .....
recruited ....
Dahlgren. Rear Admiral John A., commands South .Atlan
with the iron-clads
Darbytown Road, attempted advance on
incidents in the advance on
official report .
reconnoissance on the
Davis, Lieut. Ferdinand, biography of .
Dead bodies on Morris Island
Death, first, in the regiment
Deep Bottom, ordered to .
battle of .
Defense of Charleston Harbor
Defenses of Fernandina
Morris Island (Confederate report)
Department Headquarters, Hilton Head ( III.)
Department of the South, Commanders of .
tic sq
P.AGE.
93. 450
95
450
18
431
231
311
404
-73
267
252
249
33^
2S5
450
4S2
119
196
94. 451
112^ 507
3
80
3
107
116
3^7
3^S
324
322
517
169
19
290
292
1 84
98
106
^37
82, 87, lOI
uadron
112,
Index.
VII
Department of the South, forces in the
Description of Fernandina ....
Folly Island
Fort Fisher ....
Fort Wagner
St. Augustine
Desert, two men, at St. Augustine
Deserter shot on Morris Island .
Deserters, Captain Leavitt and two
shot at Laurel Hill
Destroying the Richmond & Petersburg railroad
Dickinson's, Captain, Confederate company .
Discharge of original members
regiment ....
1862 men ....
Discharged men leave the regiment
journey home
at home ....
Dispatches, Confederate ....
Dow, First Sergt. George P., biography of .
Dress parade, mistake on .
Drew, Major, of the Fourth New Hampshire
Drill at Camp Hale .....
Fort Jefferson ....
St. Augustine ....
by bugle calls .....
Drummed out of the service
Drury's Bluff, advance on .
Colonel Abbott's report of battle of
fired on by our men at .
flanked by Confederates at
fog at .
night attack of Confederates at
officers wounded at
retreat, covering the
skirmish at .
Duels, artillery, at Petersburg
DuPont, Rear Admiral, attack on Fort Sumter
relieved .
Durgin, Maj. J. S., biography of
Dutch Gap canal .....
36
PAGE.
lOI
98
102
176
68
87
202
93
343
43, 269
72
345
429
427
348
349
350
273
96, 530
63
65
15
42
70
235
304
247
254
251
252
251
24^
253
251
248
300
94
107
16, 472
. 289
VIII
Index.
Duties at Bermuda Hundred ....
St. Augustine .....
Duty on Morris Island .....
E, Company, mustered into United States service
recruited ....
Eartliworks at Bermuda Hundred ( III.)
Petersburg (III.)
St. Augustine
Ela, Capt. Richard, commands sharpshooters
Election, presidential, of 1864 .
Emerson, Chaplain, resigns
taken prisoner
Enfield rifles, received and exchanged
Enfield rifles ( III.) ....
Engagements participated in by regiment
Engineers, First N. Y. Volunteers
Evacuation at Bermuda Hundred
of Morris Island
Exchange of Union prisoners at North East Ferry
Expedition to Charleston under General Gillmore
Hunter .
Florida under General Seymour
Fort Fisher under General Butler .
General Terry .
Petersburg under General Gillmore
up the James River under General Butler
Explosion in Fort Moultrie ....
F, Company, mustered into United States service
recruited .....
F, Companies, of the Fourth and Seventh New Hampsl
Fairbanks place at St. Augustine
Farewell order of Colonel Abbott
Farley, Lieut. Charles H., biography of
Farrand, Sergt. R. O., biography of .
Fernandina, defenses of . . .
description of .
five companies call at
General Finnegan ( Con.) the home of
regiment ordered to
ordered to leave
253.
li
PAGE.
259
70
6
5
254
302
77
162
334
416
307
[4, 208
305
434
132
267
159, 180
417
lOI
93' 450
209
342
353
264
241
185
6
6
66
86
346
208, 512
535
98
98
452
99
96
Index.
IX
" Ferry," Confederate attack, 4th of July, at the
Fever, typhus, at Beaufort, S. C,
Finnegan, Fla., at Camp ...
Firing the "Swamp Angel" (Marsh Battery)
First sergeants killed at Fort Wagner .
Flag of the Southern Confederacy ( III.) .
Union in Wilmington, N. C,
Flag Pond, Federal Point, engagement at
Confederates evacuate works at .
Florida expedition, in the .
Folly Island, arrive at
batteries on .
batteries on ( III.)
Confederate batteries fire
description of
ordered to
Foraging at Camp Hale
Fort Buchanan, N. C, captured
Fort Clinch, Fla.,
Fort Fisher, N. C.
of Seventh
assault, official reports .
Adjutant Horsfall's report
Hampshire, at .
Admiral Porter's report of first expedition
artillery captured at
blockade-runners captured at
compared with Fort Malakofif
Confederates killed and wounded
defense of Colonel Lamb's (Con.) report
description of
embark for .
first appearance at sea ( III.)
expedition to .
General Ames's division leads assault on
General Butler's report of first expedition
General Terry commands second expedition
official report of capture of
General Whiting (Con.), at
landing near ....
magazine, e.xplosion of .
mines in front of .
Mound battery, a part of ( III.)
59
60
211
142
127
421
411
406
409
209
102
106
190
104
102
102
II
375
99
362, 377
New
394
369
376
376
393
388
389
o, 371
354
357
355
382
■ 362
• 353
• 377
• 39O' 391
• 358, 371
376, 394, 400
• 389
. 361
36c
342,
374,
Index.
PAGE.
Fort Fisher, N. C, naval column, orders for assault
• 3^7
nearer view of (III.) .
■ 358
number of shots fired at
• 374. 393
plan of naval attack (III.) .
• 373
plan of ( III.)
. 380
regiment leaves Laurel Hill for
• 353
sketch of the vicinity of ( III.)
• 364
Fort Gregg, boat attack on ....
. 158
changed over ....
• 183
evacuated ....
• 159
Fort Jefferson, Fla., Colonel Putnam in commanc
. 38
drill at . . .
42
fresh water at
• 43
garrison life at
. . 38
rations at .
40
regiment ordered to .
. 28
regiment ordered to leave
• 54
sea shells at
. 48
sutlers at .
• 43
Toomes, William, at .
50
Fort Marion ( III.) .....
76, 88
description of .
• 75
garrison of ... .
• 75
part of regiment ordered to
. 67
Fort Moultrie, explosion in ...
. . 185
Fort Richmond, N. Y., at .
• 33^
Fort Sumter, S. C, after the bombardment ( III
)
• 157
April, 1861 ( III.)
• 133
attack on, April, 1863 .
94, 450
bombardment by land forces
. 151
February, 1865 ( III.)
. 204
guns on, and their fire .
■ 113. 133
night attack on
. 185
plans and sections ( III.)
200
Fort Wagner, S. C, approaches to, July 18, 1863 ( Ili
..) . . 129
assault commanded by General Se_
ymour . 117
on, first . . . .
1 1 1
on, second
• 115-123
Adjutant Webbei
■'s account of 124
ordered, third .
. 158, 175
bombardment, effect on
. 161
Index.
XI
Fort Wagner, S. C, calcium light illuminates
Colonel Putnam at assault on
killed at
description of . . .
evacuation of . . .
General Gillmore's orders of assault
loss of officers at .
loss of regiment July i8, 1863, at
plan of ( III.)
siege of ... .
torpedoes in front of .
Forts renamed on Morris Island . . . . •
Fortieth Massachusetts gets our carbines
muskets of the
Fourth New Hampshire relieved at St. Augustine
French, Oscar, and others taken prisoners .
Freschl, Capt. Joseph, biography of .
Fresh beef and meat .....
fish and oysters .....
Front, incidents at the . . . 165, 228, 249, 3
Furlough of re-enlisted men
G, Company, mustered into United States service
recruited ....
Gammell, Pliny F., biography of
"General Lyons," on board steamer .
description of storm on .
Gillmore, Gen. O. A., commands Department of the South
Tenth Army Corps on Folly
expedition to Petersburg
medals
medals (III.) .
on Morris Island
ordered to Virginia
Gloucester Point, Va., regiment ordered to
leaves .
Goldsboro, regiment ordered to .
"Goose" (C. C. McPherson) wounded accidentally
Grant, General, on the battlefield
dispatch from Chapin's Farm
operations of October 27, 1864 .
15'
PAGE.
• 153
119, 124
. 125
176, 181
159' 177
175
126
124
178
130
2, 156
189
216
217
65
89
240, 492
40, 71,81
72, 79
13, 316 328
• 231
3
4
64, 528
• 354
• 356
368, loi
Island 106
. 264
189, 454
188
117
236
239
241
425
8S
291
307
327
XII
Index.
Greek fire at Charleston. S. C. .
Guns captured on Morris Island .
heavy fire of, on Fort Wagner
on Fort Sumter and their fire
on Morris Island
Riried Parrott, on Morris Island
" Swamp Angel," first fired
description of
PAGE.
146
176
. 118
113. ^33
■ 151
■49
•45
142
I i2.
H, Company, mustered into United -States service
recruited
Half-.Moon battery, engagement
Half- Way House, covering retreat at .
Harding, Sergt. William J., biography of
Hauling cannon on the beach ( III.) .
Hawley, Gen. J. R.. at l)attle of Olustee
Deep Bottom .
commands brigade on xMorris Island
Hay den, Corp. J. W., biography of
Sergt. D. W., biography of .
Head, Adjt. Gen. Natt, visit from
Headquarters of General Butler ( III.)
at Hilton Head ( III.) .
Seventh X. H. Veteran Association at Weirs .
Henderson, Lieut. Col. Thomas A., biography of
killed at Deep Bottom .
report of June 16, Ware
Bottom Church
Hilton Head, five companies at .
leave, for Virginia .
ordered to . . . . . .100,
regiment at .
Honoraljle mention for gallantry . . . . 256,319,
Horsfall, Capt. J. H.. Ijiography of
House, Capt. Jerome B., biography of
Hung for murder ....
Hunter, Maj. Gen. David, commands Department of the South
expedition to Charleston
I, Comi)any, mustered into Ignited States service .
recruited . . . . . . ' .
7
6
. 402
64, 5-6
184
308, 221
. 292
■ 174
218,555
218, 556
384, 35^
261
^37
565
467
293
274
452
^37
235-
450
55-
100
385-
420
48 1
80,
495
303
352, 87
93
7
7
Index.
XIII
Important factors in the War of 1861 to 1865 ( III.)
Important part of a soldier's kit ( III.)
Incidents at the battle of Laurel Hill .
the battle of Olustee
Uarbytown Road
Drury^s Bluff .
on Morris Island in the trenches
" Ironsides," attempt to destroy the
Ironsides and monitors ( III.) .
Jackson, Sergeant, and Captain Leavitt
Jacksonville, Col. A. F. Stevens at
on the St. John's River, Fla. ( III.)
regiment lands at .
leave for Hilton Head
stationed at
re-enlistment at . . .
James, Army of the, formation of
James River, ordered to the north side of the
Jenkin's Island, on picket at . . .
Joking with a cook .....
Journey home of three years' men
K, Company, mustered into United States service
recruited
Key West, regiment at
Keys, different, at Fort Jefferson
King's Road, Fla., regiment at .
Knowlton, Capt. William C, biographv of
Lane, Lieut. A. J., biography of
Laurel Hill, Va., battle of .
deserters shot at
incidents at
official report at
pickets attacked at
regiment at
leaves
spy at battle of
Thanksgiving at
winter quarters at
Lawrence, Capt. Charles A., biography of
PAGE.
436
288
3i3'
316
228
.
328
249
165
188
188
83
230
230
210
235
229
230
239
306
100
336
348
5
5
55
53
229
498
520
309
343
313
316
319
340
3°7
335
331
353
3^3
337
339
326
335
176
503
XIV
Index.
Lawrence, Capt. Orlando, biography of
Leavitt, Captain, arrests two deserters
and Sergeant Jackson
Lee's surrender, news of .
" Left Wing" lose their carbines
Lempster Hill, battle of, near Chester Station
Light Battery ( III.) ....
Lighthouse, Anastasia Island, Fla., ( III.) .
Lincoln, President, at the front .
Lincoln, President ( III.) ....
assassination, news of .
Little, Lieut. Henry F. W., biography of .
Loss of brigade commanders at Fort Fisher
Fort Wagner
officers at Fort Wagner .
regiment at assault on Fort Wagner
battle of Olustee .
Ware Bottom Church (June
up to September i, 1862 .
Losses, killed or mortally wounded (See Roster^
died in prison or of disease {Sec Roster)
Lovering, Charles H., wounded at Drury's Bluff
Marching in Florida .....
Marsh Battery, (" .Swamp Angel") Gen. Gillmore
Marsh Battery ( III.) ....
Lieutenant .Spaulding"s account of
materials required to build
shelling Charleston from
Mason, Capt. G. P., biography of
William .....
Medals of Honor, Gillmore
United States
Mention, honorable, by General Butler
Merrill, Otis A., biography of .
Mitchel, Gen. O. M., died
Monitor "Weehawken" (III.)
Mound Battery ( III.) ....
Morris Island, S. C, attack on
batteries established on
open on Charleston
6)
12
orders it built
PAGE.
64
^484
93
83
423
216
244
223
71
279
326
423
0, 164,
522
392
126
. 126
127
124
227
270
OS
106,
loS
109
250
21 1
ilt 134,
136
144
140
144
142
64,
497
448
8, 189,
454
320,
320
319
268,
562
352,
87
1S6
361
107
1 12
193
Index.
XV
PAGE.
Morris Island, S. C, batteries open on Fort Sumter
151
Fort Wagner .
116
renamed
189
bomb-proof on (III.)
166
brigade reorganized . . . .
194
calcium light on .
153
Confederate sharpshooters captured on .
152
report of the defense of .
106
Colonel Keitt (Con.) commanding
177
dead bodies on .
169
deserter shot on .
202
duties on .
13
I, 149
evacuated .....
15
9, 180
General Gillmore on .
117
General Seymour commands on .
117
guns captured on ...
176
on .... .
14
9, 150
incidents at the front .
165
lookout on .
112
map of siege operations on ( III.)
180
rations on .
198
regiment ordered to St. Helena Island
205
sharpshooters on ...
162
sickness on ....
156
siege batteries on . . .
150
substitutes received on
193
torpedoes on ... .
15
2, 156
torpedoes on (III.) .
160
trading on .
196
water on .... .
132
Mosquito (Requa) batteries described ....
. 168
Muskets of the Fortieth Massachusetts
. 217
Mustered out, troops ordered to be .
• 425
Naval bombardment of Fort Sumter ....
. 116
Necessities ( III.) .......
. 215
Negro Hut ( III.)
• 341
" New Ironsides." attempt to destroy
. 188
and Monitor ( III.)
. 188
New Market Road, battle of .... •
• 306
New York, ordej-ed from ......
O
7, 335
XVI
Index.
New York, (inlercd to
at Fort Kichniond
White Street barracks
liarbor, stationed in .
News from General Sherman
Non-commissioned officers' clievrons ( III.)
stalT aiipointed
North East Ferry, N. C, tired on in tlie dark at .
last shot of the war tired at
last skirmish at
ordered into camp at
Union prisoners exchanged at
"North Star,'' steamer ( III. ) ....
Odd Characters .......
Officers, greatest loss of, any regiment in the war
term of service ended ....
wounded at Driiiy"s Ijluff
"Old Glory" ( III.)
Olustee, battle of
comments ......
Hawley, General, at ... .
loss at .
retreat from ......
wrong orders gi\'en at .
Ord, General, conmiands Twenty-fourth Army Corps
Organization of regiment .....
Original members of regiment discharged
I'aitl otf
Parrott rifled guns on Morris Island
I'ayne, Captain, Union scout ca]jtured
I'etersburg, Arm}- of Potomac at ...
artillerv duels at ... .
eartl) works at ( 111. ) . . .
e.x'press ......
Gillmore's expedition to
picket lines at .
regiment ordered to .
fr(.)m
under constant tire at . . .
J'AGE.
23
35-
246
1 1
412
414
411
412
415
-33>
437
126
347
^S3
401
220
226
221
225
221
340
I, 14
34-S
;7, 96
:. 149
148
267
• 304
264
• -99
:64, 29S
306
. -,oi
INDEX.
XVII
Picket duty at St. Augustine
Picket line attacked at Laurel Hill
at Beaufort Ferry
Bermuda Hundred .
Petersburg ....
fighting on the, Bermuda Hundred
firing on the, at Sanderson's
on Morris Island
trading on the . ".
Pickett's ( Con.) division, fighting
Pitkin Station, in camp at .
Pontoon Bridge at Jones's Landing ( III.) .
Post Commanders in Department of the South
Potomac, Army of the, at Petersburg .
Poultry at St. Augustine ....
Presidential election of 1864
Prisoners (Union) taken at St. Augustine .
exchanged at North East Ferry
Prison, escape from, report of, by Sergeant Bowles
Prison life, report of, by Sergeant Farrand .
J. R. Sherwin
S. D. Smith .
Sergt. \V. J. Spalding
Promotions ..... 48, 60, 81, 154, 191, 330, 351
404, 405, 420, 425, 428
Putnam, Col. Haldimand S., . . . . . . . 8
assumes command of regiment . . g
biography of (^Fro7itispiece^ . . 460
commands a brigade . . 94, 104, 117
in Charleston (Hunter's) expedition 93, 450
killed on Fort Wagner . 124, 171, 172
on the " S. R. Mallory" ... 28
Fort Wagner . . . .124
PAGE.
67
340
60
276
299
262
214
110
280
268
304
290
82
276
80
334
92
415
442
535
528
559
Raleigh, regiment ordered to
Rations, Army
Recommended for gallantry
Reconnoissance on Darbytown Road
to Richmond
Recruiting for the army stopped
official report
. 429
16. 24, 198, 288
• 320
• 322
• 324
• Zo-j, 308
• 425
X\"I1[
Index.
Kecriiits uf I 862 ......
Rcruc;ccs at St. Aumi.stinc ....
Re-cnli.sting at Jacksonville
Re-cnli.stcd men return ....
Ivc^inient aiilliorizecl .....
at home in New Hamijshire
romplimentecl on the field
fired its last shot in the war
formed a part, other organizations
on the way home
out of the ser\ ice
stationed in ilifferent places .
Regimental colors ( III.) ....
Reports, official, of engagements :
assault on Fort Fisher (Terry's report)
Deep Bottom ....
Drury's BluiT ....
Laurel Hill
Xew Market Road
l'etersl)urg (Gillmore's expedition)
Reconnoissance on Darbytown Road
to Richmond .
Ware Bottom Church. June 16
Requa 1 lattery, descri]ition of .
Rec|ua Battery ( 111. ) . . . .
Review at Camp Hale ....
of Tenth Army Corps
Richmond, licfore. Sec licyniudij J f/nn/rccf a/nf /.auit
news of the fall of
Richmond ^: Petersburg railroad destroyed.
Roberts, Capt. CreiM-ge, biography of .
Robie, Lieut. (leorge F.. biogiaphy of
Rollins, Col. .Augustus \V., biogi'a|)h\' of
official report at Laurel Hill
Roster of regimeqt. J'o/Ii>-,l's fxii^r
'.Sanderson's, the regiment at
Sanitary Commission .
•'.Saps"' delayed by dead bodies
Schooners trading at St. Augustine
Seoul, the. Captain I'ayne. captured
/ /////.
P.A.GE.
;79. 427, 457
77
■ =30
■ ::57
I
• 43'
• 247
• 414
• 433
■ A^9
■ 43^
433
Frontispiece
■ 377
■ ^95
• ^54
. 318
• 318
. 266
• 3^4
. 318
- ^74
. 1 68
. 168
1 1 . 19
. 241
• 423
243. 269
152, 508
15:
5'9
469
3'8
567
220
337
169
88
148
Index.
XIX
Seabrook Island, on picket at .
Serrell, Colonel, of the First N. Y. Vokniteer En
Seventh New Hampshire Veteran Association
Seymour, General, at Fort Wagner and Olustee
"Shaker" (Herman Maynard) at Olustee
Sharpshooters on Morris Island .
Sherman, General, news from
Sherwin, John R., biography of .
Shotted salute at Petersburg
Shoulder straps ( III.)
Sickness in the regiment
Siege of Fort Wagner
Simonds, Samuel A., biography of
Singing school at St. Augustine .
Sixth Army Corps at Bermuda Hundred
Small-pox in the regiment .
Smith, Major Daniel, biography of
Stephen D., biography of
Smithville, regiment ordered to .
Sons of New Hampshire give a banquet in New \
Soldier hung for murder
Spalding, Lieut. William F., biography of
Sergt. Winslow J., biography of
Spencer carbine ....
carbines (III.)
Springfield rifles ....
rifles (III.)
Spy, rebel, at the battle of Laurel Hill
'• S. R. Mallory," voyage on the
arrives at Fort Jeflerson
St. Augustine, Fla., ancient gateway (III
cathedral ( III.)
description of
Fort Marion, description of
Fort Marion ( III.)
fresh beef, fish, and oy
refugees and deserters at
regiment ordered to
leave
streets ( III.)
St. Helena Island, regiment ordered to
sters
PAGE.
• 63
• 132
• 565
368, 1 1
15. 29
ork .
oS, 216,
08, 216,
at
7, 218, 221
. 228
152, 162
• 352
. 528
• 304
192
59, 60, 156
130, 176
256, 564
88
. 272
36, 38, 39
• 471
96, 531
■ 425
26
• 303
80,515
224, 559
5, 304, 424
• 305
35, 304, 424
305
3^3
28
34
75
68
68
75
76, 88
72, 79
77
64
96
91
205
71
XX
Index.
) desc
ription of
95. -278. 2S3
St. John's RivLT. .u'oin^ up tliL-
Stevens, Camp, at IJeaufort Ferry
Substitutes ....
Sutlers of the regiment
Swain, of Company D
••Swamp Angel" (Sir JZ/rrs// luittciy
at Trenton. X. J.
Sword of Lieutenant Worcester .
-Svmonds. Joseph E., Ijiography of
Tent, ••A" ( III.)
shelter ( III. ) .
wall (III.)
Tenth Army Corps, eommanders in the
commanders of 82. 87
discontinued
formed
reorganized .
revived
review of the
Terry. Gen. A. H., compliments the regiment on the
commands Fort Fisher expedition
Thanksgiving in the army .
Three years" men go home .
Torpedo on Morris Island ( III.)
Torpedoes in front of Fort Wagner
Trading on Morris Island .
the picket line .
Turkey Inizzard (III.) ...
Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Army Corp;
"Tycoon" arrives at Fort Jefferson
death on the
small-po.x on the
voyage of the .
Uniforms of officers and men
United States medals of honor ( III.)
\'eteran.s' Association. Nev>- Hampshire
re-enlistment
\'irginia, regiment ordered to
spring water
I'AGE.
209
57
193-
208
0 -
. 89.
283
43«
142
148
455
17(J,
206
271
192
82. 2^
0.
278.
420
83. 28
4-
326.
420
340
82
278
420
24t
ield
247
3()S,
353
IC
4.
337-
339
345
160
15
156
196
2S0
321
344
36
35
36
34
17
320
565
230
236.
'!)Zl
24
3-
2S0
Index.
XXI
PAGE.
Voyage of the "S. R. Mallory'^ 28
" Tycoon'" ........ 34
to Vii-ginia . . . • ■ • • • 237. 335
Wabash, yard-arms manned on frigate ..... 453
Ware Bottom Church, engagement at . . . . . 267, 274
regiment at ..... • 242
Water used in the army 33- 43- '32, 243
"Weehawken" (monitor) sunk . . . . • . 186, 199
" Weehawken," the (III.) 1S6
Whipple, Captain Paul, biography of . . . . . 256, 506
Williams, Lieutenant Samuel, biography of ... 80, 509
Wilmington, N. C, advance commenced toward . 409
capture of . . . . ■ . .410
Chief Justice Chase visits .... 424
colored people rejoice in . . . -413
dress parade and church again at . .419
General Sherman at . . . . ■ 423
ordered from ...... 425
property destro3-ed at . . -411
relieve the Twenty-third Army Corps at . 418
return to . . . • • ■ -417
Secretary of Navy Wells visits . . .425
Thirteenth Army Corps passes through . 420
Winter quarters at Laurel Hill ...... 326, 335
Worcester. Lieut. John H., biography of .... 208, 510
sword returned . . • -455
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